Decilibrators

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The ten syllable (l) er is a meter or verse with ten syllables in the verse with the syllable counting verse principle . Occasionally, especially in the context of ancient poetry, the term Dekasyllabus is also used.

In French poetry of Zehnsilbler (appears vers de dix syllabes or décasyllabe ) for the first time in Alexiuslied , a chanson de geste (Heldenlied) from the 11th century. It is the predominant meter in the popular heroic song ( vers héroïque ) and from the 13th century onwards it became increasingly popular in courtly poetry. It remained the dominant lyric form of verse until it was replaced by the Alexandrian in the 16th century. Subsequently it takes a back seat, but is still used, for example in the epic by Ronsard ( La Franciade ), in the satire by D'Aubigne and in the tragedy by Hardy . As a ten- or eleven-syllable verse commun , it continues to play an important role in French poetry.

Already in the Alexius song the ten-syllable appears in the usual form with a caesura after the fourth syllable and firm accentuation on the fourth and tenth syllable. The metric scheme is therefore:

× × × × × × × × × × × × ×

As with other meter measures in French poetry, an unstressed syllable at the end ( female cadence ) does not count . The same applies to the caesura. This means that the ten-syllable can actually have 11 or 12 syllables:

× × × × × ́ × × × × × ×

Forms with a feminine caesura and non- elidable unstressed syllable appear almost exclusively in old French poetry, where one speaks of "epic caesura". Older variants show a caesura after the 6th or 5th syllable.

In English literature, the verse commun is taken over in accentuating form by Geoffrey Chaucer as an iambic five-key ( English iambic pentameter ; ◡ — ◡ — ◡ — ◡ — ◡—) and from then on plays either in rhymed pairs as heroic couplet or heroic verse or inconsistent as blank verse plays a dominant role, especially as a dramatic verse in Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare .

The unsympathetic form found its way into German literature, Germanized to blank verse , especially in the course of Shakespeare's reception and is established by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing through its use in his play Nathan the Wise as a stage verse . Much of the classic German drama is written in blank verse.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Elwert: French metric. Hueber, Munich 1961, ISBN 3-19-003021-9 , p. 69.