Cigarette picture
Cigarette pictures are a special form of collective pictures . They were enclosed in cigarette boxes or could be purchased via a check system and stuck in a scrapbook . Cigarette images originally come from the USA, where they were introduced by James Buchanan Duke , founder of American Tobacco , in the late 19th century . The collection of cigarettes pictures came in the 1930s to the 1940s in Germany fashionable. Cigarette pictures represent an aspect of the everyday culture of this time.
Development to a mass product
From around 1910 the high-quality collector's pictures, such as those from Stollwerck , Liebig or Palmin, were replaced by the mostly smaller and less sophisticated pictures of the emerging cigarette industry. Cheaper printing techniques and higher print runs ultimately led to a change in terminology; from then on the collective picture had become a mass product widely known as the cigarette picture. In addition, the albums were now mostly dedicated to a specific topic. In addition to sports albums of all kinds, for example, film and actors, fashion, nature, flags and uniforms, technology and traffic, the First World War , but also folk songs and national costumes were objects of the collection.
This trend continued into the 1930s. Scrapbooks were now often provided with a lot of text and very cheap (prices around 1 Reichsmark ). The editions of the albums ran into the millions, those of the pictures even into the billions. After the National Socialists came to power in Germany, the cigarette pictures were mainly used for propaganda purposes, as illustrated by the sociologist Ernst Lewalter's album about the predatory state of England .
In 1942, however, the production of cigarette pictures and albums was stopped due to economic considerations and could only be resumed after the end of the war (margarine pictures). In 1955, the federal government banned the addition of collective pictures to tobacco products, and the Federal Court of Justice ruled in 1957 that only pictures with advertising motifs were permitted - as a result, this form of collective pictures lost its importance and was then replaced in the 1960s by the football pictures (first by Panini ) .
Military issues such as uniforms , the development of armed forces (especially the Reichswehr and Wehrmacht ) or wars were particularly important . The 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin were also important. There were also pictures on the topics of German colonies , exotic people, film actors, homeland (e.g. traditional costumes or historical buildings) and animals .
Many of these albums were published by Reemtsma , Haus Neuerburg , the Cigaretten-Bilderdienst Hamburg or the Cigaretten-Bilderdienst Dresden.
Example: Cigarette Picture Service Hamburg-Bahrenfeld
The albums of the cigarette picture service Hamburg-Bahrenfeld were partly divided into groups.
- Work 1: "From woods and fields. Plants of our homeland". Author: Walter Nöldner. 1937
- Work 2: "Painting of the Gothic and Early Renaissance" 1938
- Work 3: "From the woods and fields: animals of our homeland" (Ludwig Zukowsky)
- Work 4: "Deutsche Märchen" 1939. It replaced the album "Märchen der Völker" published in 1933 by the expressionist artist Stefan Mart
- Work 5: "From Germany's Bird World". Album with all 200 colored collector's pictures. 1932
- Work 6: "The Olympic Games in Los Angeles" 1932
- Work 7: "Shaping world history. Contemporary miniatures of famous personalities from four centuries". Album with 200 colored collector's pictures. With many monochrome text drawings by Wilhelm Meyer. 1933
- Work 8: "Germany is awakening. Becoming, fighting and winning the NSDAP". Heinrich Hoffmann took over the selection and artistic processing of the photographs . Text by Wilfrid Bade .
- Work 9: "Deutsche Kulturbilder 1400–1900" (1936) German Life in 5 Centuries. 300 color images. Scientific processing and design of the texts: Dr. Wolfgang Bruhn . 1936 (five groups of 60 pictures each).
- Work 10: "The Painting of the Renaissance". 92 pages with a foreword by Emil Waldmann.
- Work 11: "The Painting of the Baroque" (1940). With a foreword by Emil Waldmann. Album with 100 colored collector's pictures
- Work 12: "Pictures of German History" 1936. Illustrated original cardboard cover with cover illustration by OHW Hadank , Berlin.
- Work 13: "The Olympic Games 1936", Volume 1 (Winter); In Berlin and Garmisch-Partenkirchen; Editor: Walter Richter
- Work 14: "The Olympic Games 1936", Volume 2; In Berlin and Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Editor: Walter Richter; 1936. 165 pages
- Plant 15: "Adolf Hitler" (1936). Groups 62–67 complement each other to form complete work 15
- Plant 16: "Robbery England" 1941
literature
- Hiram Kümper: Nothing but blue haze? Cigarette collectors' pictures as a medium for the formation of historical meaning - source-historical sketches for a treasure that has not yet been recovered . In: History in Science and Education. No. 59, 2008, pp. 492-508.
