Dwarf hedgehog cob

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dwarf hedgehog cob
Sparganium natans.jpeg

Dwarf hedgehog cob ( Sparganium natans )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Cattail family (Typhaceae)
Genre : Hedgehog Cob ( Sparganium )
Type : Dwarf hedgehog cob
Scientific name
Sparganium natans
L.

The Sparganium natans ( Sparganium natans , Syn. : Sparganium minimum ) is a plant type from the genus hedgehog piston and the family of typhaceae (Typhaceae). The species name natans is Latin and means swimming , minimum means the smallest .

description

The dwarf hedgehog is a perennial plant with a creeping rhizome. It becomes 8–30 cm high and has 4-9 internodes. The plant is completely bare. It occurs upright on banks or flooding in the water. The basal leaves are linear, flat, thin, and 7–20 cm long and 2.5–4 mm wide and arranged with their leaf sheaths in two rows on the stem. They are only slightly inflated at the bottom. If the plant is in water and the leaves are submerged, they will be 15–60 cm long and 2–10 mm wide. The flowers are in spherical heads, each containing only one gender. The (1-) 2-3 (-4) heads of female flowers are separated from each other. They stand in the axils of leaves; the lower heads are petiolate, the uppermost is seated. The leaf below the lowest female head is only 1–8 cm long and barely protrudes over the inflorescence. Above is the only male head (rarely two close together), it has a diameter of 1 cm. The fruit heads have a diameter of 8 to 15 mm. The fruit is spindle-shaped, about three times as long as it is wide, light brown and has a short, beak-like style.

The plant blooms between June and August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.

ecology

The dwarf hedgehog's cob grows in nutrient-poor, oligotrophic to mesotrophic waters over partly lime-poor, partly base-rich, muddy to boggy ground in water depths of 0.2 to 1.5 m. It colonizes ditches and peat cuttings, even on the edge of larger bodies of water. In contrast to all other species of the genus Sparganium, it grows best in open water. You can even find it on the edge of water lily stocks. Wherever it encounters warm summer waters in the low mountain ranges or in the Alps, it colonizes them.

It is an identification species of the Sparganietum minimi in the association of the Sphagno-Utricularion.

Occurrence

The dwarf hedgehog stands on or in mostly standing or less often in flowing water. It colonizes bog pools, ditches and peat cuttings in moors, including lakes. In the Alps it only rises up to 1975 m. In Central Europe the species has declined sharply overall.

The circumpolar distribution area of ​​the species includes the temperate and boreal latitudes in Asia and North America in the northern hemisphere and extends through all of Europe (almost to the North Cape) but without the southern countries.

Distribution in Central Europe

The dwarf hedgehog's cob is seldom found in the lowlands west of the Elbe, scattered east and north of it, but it is also absent here in some areas; in the low mountain ranges and in the Alpine foothills it is absent in large areas; it is somewhat more common near the foot of the Alps. In the Alps it rises occasionally to over 2000 m.

Taxonomy

The dwarf hedgehog ( Sparganium natans L. ) also has the synonyms: Sparganium minimum Wallr. , Sparganium natans var. Minimum L. , Sparganium rostratum Larss. , Sparganium septentrionale Meinsh. , Sparganium perpusillum Meinsh. , Platanaria natans (L.) Gray .

literature

  • Ute Müller-Doblies, Dietrich Müller-Doblies: Order Typhales . In Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe . 3rd edition, Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg, Volume II, Part 1. pp. 275-317, 1977. ISBN 3-489-54020-4
  • Christopher David Kentish Cook: Sparganium . In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin u. a .: Flora Europaea . Volume 5, pp. 274-275, 1980. Cambridge University Press.
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 8: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Commelinidae part 2, Arecidae, Liliidae part 2): Juncaceae to Orchidaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttg Aichele / Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe, Franckh-Kosmos-Verlag, 2nd revised edition 1994, 2000, Volume 5, ISBN 3 440-08048-X
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe , Franckh-Kosmos-Verlag, 2nd revised edition 1994, 2000, volume 5, ISBN 3 440-08048-X

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 117 .
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Sparganium natans. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 24, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Dwarf Hedgehog ( Sparganium natans )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files