Cytokine-induced killer cell

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A cytokine-induced killer cell ( English cytokine-induced killer cell , CIK) is an artificially generated type of NKT cells of the immune system , the treatment of tumors is used.

properties

Cytokine-induced killer cells belong to the class of leukocytes in terms of cell origin . They are mostly generated in the course of an adoptive transfer in cell culture and used to treat tumors by infusion . The induction is performed by addition of the CIK interferon-gamma , anti- CD3 antibody, interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 to the culture medium . As markers they possess CD3 and CD56 . Among the CIK there are γδ T cells that carry the NK receptor on the cell surface. Regulatory T cells can reduce the anti-tumor effect of CIK. The effect can be increased by additional immunomodulation .

application

Cytokine-induced killer cells have been used to treat certain forms of kidney cancer , lung cancer , colon cancer , breast cancer , liver cancer , stomach cancer, and leukemia .

Clinical studies

In a large number of clinical phase I and II studies , cytokine-induced killer cells showed a high cytotoxic potential against various tumors . In many cases a complete remission of the tumor disease, accompanied by an improved quality of life and a longer lifespan, could be achieved. But even patients in whom no tumor tissue decline was found often benefited from therapy with cytokine-induced killer cells. In addition to an improved quality of life, these patients often exhibited a longer lifespan compared to patients not treated with cytokine-induced killer cells. Side effects of the therapy, however, were minor and mostly disappeared within 24 hours even without specific therapy. Following cytokine-induced killer cell infusions, fever , headache, and transient exhaustion are the most commonly observed side effects. Chills and nausea are less common .

International registry on cytokine-induced killer cells - IRCC (International registry on CIK cells)

The international registry of cytokine-induced killer cells is an independent scientific institution founded in 2011 and based at the University Hospital Bonn . The doctors and scientists of the registry have set themselves the task of collecting and evaluating data on clinical studies with cytokine-induced killer cells. Doctors can also fill out a digital questionnaire on the IRCC website in order to make your data available for further analysis.

history

Cytokine-induced cells for the treatment of tumors were first described in 1991 by IG Schmidt-Wolf. Previously, lymphokine-activated killer cells were used by adding interleukin-2 to treat tumors, some of which were subjected to additional immunomodulation.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ C. Hontscha, Y. Borck, H. Zhou, D. Messmer, IG Schmidt-Wolf: Clinical trials on CIK cells: first report of the international registry on CIK cells (IRCC). In: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology . Volume 137, Number 2, February 2011, pp. 305-310, ISSN  1432-1335 . doi : 10.1007 / s00432-010-0887-7 . PMID 20407789 .
  2. ↑ a b National Cancer Institute Drug Dictionary: cytokine-induced cell .
  3. ↑ M. von Lilienfeld-Toal, J. Nattermann, G. Feldmann, E. Sievers, S. Frank, J. Strehl, IG Schmidt-Wolf: Activated gammadelta T cells express the natural cytotoxicity receptor natural killer p 44 and show cytotoxic activity against myeloma cells. In: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. Volume 144, Number 3, June 2006, pp. 528-533, ISSN  0009-9104 . doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2249.2006.03078.x . PMID 16734623 . PMC 1941970 (free full text).
  4. ^ Q. Tao, H. Wang, Z. Zhai: Targeting regulatory T cells in cytokine-induced killer cell cultures (Review). In: Biomedical reports. Volume 2, Number 3, May 2014, pp. 317-320, ISSN  2049-9434 . doi : 10.3892 / br.2014.234 . PMID 24748966 . PMC 3990197 (free full text).
  5. ↑ MW Helms, JA Prescher, YA Cao, S. Schaffert, CH Contag: IL-12 enhances efficacy and shortens enrichment time in cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy. In: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy . Volume 59, Number 9, September 2010, pp. 1325-1334, ISSN  1432-0851 . doi : 10.1007 / s00262-010-0860-y . PMID 20532883 .
  6. ^ A b V. Marin, I. Pizzitola, V. Agostoni, GM Attianese, H. Finney, A. Lawson, M. Pule, R. Rousseau, A. Biondi, E. Biagi: Cytokine-induced killer cells for cell therapy of acute myeloid leukemia: improvement of their immune activity by expression of CD33-specific chimeric receptors. In: Haematologica . Volume 95, Number 12, December 2010, pp. 2144-2152, ISSN  1592-8721 . doi : 10.3324 / haematol.2010.026310 . PMID 20713459 . PMC 2995574 (free full text).
  7. ↑ ZX Wang, JL Li, JX Cao, YS Liu, D. Li, XY Zhang, M. Wang, M. Wu, BL Xu, JL Liu, HB Wang: Cytokine-induced killer cells in the treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma: a pooled meta-analysis. In: Immunotherapy. Volume 6, Number 6, June 2014, pp. 787-795, ISSN  1750-7448 . doi : 10.2217 / imt.14.41 . PMID 25186607 .
  8. ↑ M. Wang, JX Cao, JH Pan, YS Liu, BL Xu, D. Li, XY Zhang, JL Li, JL Liu, HB Wang, ZX Wang: Adoptive immunotherapy of cytokine-induced killer cell therapy in the treatment of non -small cell lung cancer. In: PLOS ONE . Volume 9, Number 11, 2014, p. E112662, ISSN  1932-6203 . doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0112662 . PMID 25412106 . PMC 4239020 (free full text).
  9. ↑ H. Zhu, X. Yang, J. Li, Y. Ren, T. Zhang, C. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Li, Y. Pang: Immune response, safety, and survival and quality of life outcomes for advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with dendritic cell vaccine and cytokine-induced killer cell therapy. In: BioMed research international. Volume 2014, 2014, pp. 603871, ISSN  2314-6141 . doi : 10.1155 / 2014/603871 . PMID 25136601 . PMC 4124766 (free full text).
  10. ↑ K. Pan, XX Guan, YQ Li, JJ Zhao, JJ Li, HJ Qiu, DS Weng, QJ Wang, Q. Liu, LX Huang, J. He, SP Chen, ML Ke, YX Zeng, JC Xia: Clinical activity of adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in patients with post-mastectomy triple-negative breast cancer. In: Clinical Cancer Research . Volume 20, Number 11, June 2014, pp. 3003-3011, ISSN  1078-0432 . doi : 10.1158 / 1078-0432.CCR-14-0082 . PMID 24668644 .
  11. ↑ X. Yu, H. Zhao, L. Liu, S. Cao, B. Ren, N. Zhang, X. An, J. Yu, H. Li, X. Ren: A randomized phase II study of autologous cytokine- induced killer cells in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Journal of Clinical Immunology. Volume 34, Number 2, February 2014, pp. 194-203, ISSN  1573-2592 . doi : 10.1007 / s10875-013-9976-0 . PMID 24337625 .
  12. ↑ L. Zhang, Y. Hou, J. Zhang, J. Hu, K. Zhang: Cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer cells targeted by a bispecific antibody to gastric cancer cells. In: Oncology Letters. Volume 5, Number 6, June 2013, pp. 1826-1832, ISSN  1792-1074 . doi : 10.3892 / ol.2013.1281 . PMID 23833649 . PMC 3701003 (free full text).
  13. ↑ a b LC Schmeel, FC Schmeel, C Coch, IG Schmidt-Wolf: Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells in cancer immunotherapy: report of the international registry on CIK cells (IRCC). . In: Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology . November 8, 2014. doi : 10.1007 / s00432-014-1864-3 . PMID 25381063 .
  14. ↑ IG Schmidt-Wolf, RS Negrin, HP Kiem, KG Blume, IL Weissman: Use of a SCID mouse / human lymphoma model to evaluate cytokine-induced killer cells with potent antitumor cell activity. In: Journal of Experimental Medicine . Volume 174, Number 1, July 1991, pp. 139-149, ISSN  0022-1007 . PMID 1711560 . PMC 2118875 (free full text).
  15. ↑ DM Finkelstein, RG Miller: Cell surface recognition determinants involved in triggering the lymphokine activated killer cell phenomenon: enhanced killing of modified "anti-self" targets by varying LAK culture conditions. In: The Journal of Otolaryngology. Volume 19, Number 5, October 1990, pp. 294-298, ISSN  0381-6605 . PMID 2262945 .
  16. ↑ J. Sun, GP Law, RJ McKallip: Role of CD44 in lymphokine-activated killer cell-mediated killing of melanoma. In: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy. Volume 61, Number 3, March 2012, pp. 323-334, ISSN  1432-0851 . doi : 10.1007 / s00262-011-1105-4 . PMID 21901391 .
  17. ^ R. Okita, Y. Yamaguchi, A. Emi, K. Matsuura, T. Toge: Enhancement of lymphokine-activated killer cell induction using anti-CD25 and anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies. In: Oncology reports. Volume 17, Number 6, June 2007, pp. 1429-1435, ISSN  1021-335X . PMID 17487401 .