Uplengen

Basic data
State :	Lower Saxony
County :	Empty
Height :	6 m above sea level NHN
Area :	148.81 km 2
Residents:	11,817 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	79 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	26670
Primaries :	04956, 04957, 04489
License plate :	LER
Community key :	03 4 57 020
LOCODE :	DE UPL
Community structure:	19 localities
Address of the ; municipal administration:	Alter Postweg 113 ; 26670 Uplengen
Website :	www.uplengen.de
Mayor :	Heinz Trauernicht ()
Location of the municipality of Uplengen in the district of Leer

Uplengen section of the Nordgeorgsfehn Canal

Uplengen is a municipality in the district of Leer in East Frisia , Lower Saxony . With 148.81 square kilometers, it is the largest municipality in the district. 11,817 inhabitants live there, which means that it is only very sparsely populated. In the regional planning of the state of Lower Saxony, the capital Remels is listed as the basic center for the community. Almost a third of Uplengen's residents live in the main town.

The municipality, located on the southeastern border of East Frisia, has historical significance through Uplengen Castle , which was one of the most important border fortifications towards the state of Oldenburg until it was defused . In addition, many prehistoric artefacts were found in the municipality, which indicate that the municipality, located at the transition from the Geest to the extensive moorland, was settled early on. Among other things, prehistoric plank paths were found that prove that people were able to pave their way through the impassable moor well before the birth of Christ.

Economically, the community is mainly characterized by medium-sized businesses. Agriculture has always played a major role in the municipal area, which can be seen from the high proportion of agricultural land of more than 83 percent. To some extent, tourism plays a role. Overall, however, Uplengen is a commuter area .

In addition to the 13th century St. Martin Church in Remels, the community's cultural heritage includes three windmills and a large number of Gulf farms , several of which are listed buildings.

geography

Geographical location

Uplengen is located in the northeast of the district of Leer in East Frisia in the German state of Lower Saxony . Uplengen is one of the most easterly situated communities in East Friesland, the eastern parish boundary also forms the district boundary between the district of Leer and the neighboring districts of Friesland and Ammerland and thus also the historical border between East Friesland and the Oldenburger Land .

The main town of Remels is located exactly 20 kilometers east of the city center of the district town of Leer. The city of Aurich is located around 25 kilometers northwest of Remels. Three larger cities are almost equidistant from the main town of the municipality: Wilhelmshaven is around 34 kilometers northeast of Remels, Oldenburg (in the southeast) and Emden (in the northwest) are each about 36 kilometers away.

The community roughly covers the area of the historical Lengenerland . With an area of 148.81 km² it is the largest municipality in the district of Leer and the sixth largest in East Frisia . With a population of around 11,500, the population density is 77 per km², which means that Uplengen is not only well below the East Frisian average of 148 inhabitants / km², but also below the Lower Saxony (167) and German (229) average. In an approximate north-south direction, the extension of the municipality is a little more than 16 kilometers between the district boundary to the Ammerland near Südgeorgsfehn in the south and the district boundary to the district of Wittmund near Oltmannsfehn in the north. In an approximate east-west direction, there are almost 16 kilometers between the Selverde development settlement Brabandsfeld in the west and the district border to the Ammerland in the Stapeler Moor in the east.

The regional spatial planning program of the district of Leer assigns the function of a basic center for the municipality to the main town of Remels .

Geology, hydrology and soils

Geologically, the community of Uplengen, like the rest of East Frisia, is formed superficially by sediments from the Pleistocene and Holocene . Pleistocene deposits can be found in the Geest areas , which make up the central part of the municipality around Remels, Hollen and Selverde. The geest sediments are partly covered by Holocene bog soils . The soils of the East Frisian Geest are mostly made up of deck sands and boulder clay . These emerged during the Drenthe stage of the Saale glaciation . Since the younger Glaciation of the Vistula there was the formation of large areas of drifting sand . The sands were blown out in the area of the Ems lowlands by strong winds and deposited in the area of the western Oldenburg-East Frisian Geestrücken . This stretches from the Oldenburg area to the northwest to the north and runs in that direction across the East Frisian peninsula. Because of the drifting sand deposits, the inland community of Uplengen has the highest point on the East Frisian mainland at around 18.5 meters above sea level, a shifting dune in the Holle Sand nature reserve, which is now covered by trees.

Profile of a Plaggenesches: 40–50 cm overlay on fossil podzol

The central part of the municipality consists of podsol soils on Orterde or Ortstein , either in a drier or wetter location. These soils allowed only low agricultural yields. By Plagge fertilization that has been made for centuries until the occurrence of artificial fertilizer at the end of the 19th century, there are also especially around the old villages Geest anthropogenic plaggen soil floors . Due to the constant application of new soil, the Esch, known in East Friesland as (the) guests, is now higher than the village center. In Remels, for example, during archaeological excavations, Plaggenesch was found between 90 and 120 centimeters thick. This form of fertilization increased the soil value significantly, even if it still lagged well behind fertile soils like those in the marshland .

Layers of peat in the bog

In a semicircle from the north around the Neudorf district via Oltmannsfehn and Meinersfehn to the south in the Südgeorgsfehn district (clockwise) there are rain moor areas . These make up a large part of the municipal area. They form the southernmost branch of the East Frisian Central High Moor, which extends from the east of the city of Aurich to Uplengen. Some of these are raised bogs with paved edges . Along the geest brooks Poghauser Ehe and Hollener Tief there are fen areas that were locally recultivated after peat extraction.

The municipality is located on the plateau of the Oldenburg-East Frisian Geestrücke, which runs from southeast to northwest. This is divided into several sections by Geestbach streams. These flow roughly at right angles to the Geestrücken, i.e. from northeast to southwest, as the municipal area drains to the Jümme and thus to the Ems . Uplengen is part of the watershed between the Ems and the Jade Bay. The two Geest brooks that arise in the moorland and drain to the Jümme are the Hollener Tief and the Poghauser Ehe a little further north, which changes its name in the neighboring municipality of Hesel and is called Holtlander Ehetief there. When the Nordgeorgsfehn Canal was further built in the first half of the 20th century, the canal cut the course of the Poghauser marriage. This is why there has been a pumping station at this "intersection" since then, which pumps the water from the Poghauser Ehe under the canal. To the west of the canal, the Poghauser marriage therefore kept its old bed. A drainage canal that begins in the moorland near Stapel at a pumping station is the Stapeler main receiving water. It has flowed into the Südgeorgsfehn Canal since it was built in 1921-25. North and South Georgsfehn Canal meet in the area of the neighboring municipality of Jümme immediately behind the border with Uplengen. Under the name Nordgeorgsfehnkanal, the water flows on to the Jümme.

Neighboring communities

The municipality of Uplengen borders in the west on the combined municipalities of Hesel and Jümme (both rural districts), in the north on the municipality Großefehn and the city Wiesmoor (both rural districts Aurich ) and the municipality Friedeburg ( rural district Wittmund ), in the east on the municipality Zetel ( rural district Friesland ) and in the south to the municipality of Apen and the city of Westerstede ( district of Ammerland ). Uplengen is the only municipality in East Frisia that borders on four neighboring districts - more than any other municipality in the region.

Community structure

The municipality of Uplengen is a unified municipality with the following 19 localities (the number of inhabitants as of 2011 in brackets):

Behren (267)
Grossoldendorf (687)
Large sand (416)
Hollen (1170)
Jübberde (532)
Kleinoldendorf (174)
Klein-Remels (176)
Small sand (118)
Meinersfehn (464)
Neudorf (327)
Neufirrel (393)
North Georgsfehn (832)
Oltmannsfehn (535)
Poghausen (198)
Remels (3389)
Selverde (592)
Spols (131)
Stack (506)
South Georgsfehn (589)

The center of the municipality is Remels, with more than 3300 inhabitants the largest town in the municipality. Remels is not only the seat of the municipal administration, but also the main shopping area and the location of one of the two commercial areas of the municipality. The only other district with a four-digit population is Hollen with around 1170 inhabitants, all other localities are significantly smaller with three-digit population. The places Ockenhausen and Stapelermoor are not districts. Unlike the others, they therefore do not have a local council. Ockenhausen belongs to the village of Oltmannsfehn, Stapelermoor to Meinersfehn.

Land use

Land use 2011
use	Hectares
Building and open space	876
including living space	517
of which commercial and industrial space	42
Operating area	2
Recreation area	48
including green area	32
traffic area	715
of which road, path, square	715
Agricultural area	12,445
of which moor	829
of it heather	499
Water surface	258
Forest area	505
Areas of other use	32
including cemeteries	7th
of it land	5
total area	14,881

The land use table shows the overwhelming proportion of agricultural land in the municipality. The share is 83.63 percent, making it one of the highest among the East Frisian municipalities. East Frisia in its entirety has a share of agricultural land of around 75 percent, which in turn is already well above the national average of 52 percent. The agricultural areas also include bog and heathland areas with 829 and 499 hectares, some of which are used extensively for agriculture. These two values are also above average for East Frisia. With around 3.39 percent of the forest, the community is slightly above the East Frisian average of 2.6 percent. However, in comparison to the rest of Germany, East Frisia is extremely under-forested: The proportion of forest in the total area of the Federal Republic is around 29.5 percent. In addition to the Holle Sand forest area, there are a large number of other trees in the municipality due to the abundance of wall hedges in all localities and in their outer areas. There are also smaller, afforested areas. With 1.73 percent of the water surface, Uplengen is below the average of many East Frisian municipalities and also below the national average of around two percent.

climate

The municipality is located in the temperate climate zone, influenced by the North Sea . In summer the daytime temperatures are lower, in winter often higher than in the further inland. The climate is characterized by the Central European west wind zone.

After the climate classification of Köppen , the community is in the classification Cfb . (Climate zone C : warm-temperate climate, climate type f : humid-temperate climate, sub-type b : warm summer ). Within the temperate zone, it is assigned to the climate district of Lower Saxony flatland North Sea coast , which has a maritime character and is characterized by relatively cool and rainy summers, relatively mild winters with little snow, prevailing westerly and south-westerly winds and high annual rainfall.

Weather data is collected for the neighboring Leer, which has similar climatic conditions: The average annual temperature there is 9 ° C with maximum values in July and August around 20 ° C and average minimum values around −2 ° C in December and in January. There are most rainy days with 14 in November and December, the least in March and May, where there are nine days of precipitation. The number of average hours of sunshine per day varies between one (December / January) and six hours (May / June). The mean frost-free time is given as 170 to 187 days. The mean amount of precipitation is 738 mm / year, the mean annual sunshine duration is 1550 to 1600 hours.

The extensive raised bog complexes in the municipality, which have an influence on the weather, must be taken into account in terms of microclimate. Because of the subsurface conditions in a rain bog , the temperature differences between day and night are extreme. During the day in summer, temperatures on the ground can be very high, so that spontaneous combustion can cause moor fires. In addition, bog areas are much more fog-intensive than the surrounding area. Due to the centuries of peat mining and the associated drainage, this effect is no longer as pronounced as in the original natural landscape. However, the number of frost days in the raised bog area is significantly higher than in the surrounding area, with early and late frosts occurring more often.

Climate table for Leer

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	4th	5	8th	12	17th	20th	21st	21st	18th	14th	8th	5	O	12.8
Min. Temperature (° C)	−2	−1	1	3	6th	9	11	11	9	6th	2	0	O	4.6

Precipitation ( mm )	59.2	40.1	51.4	46.0	61.5	77.4	74.8	67.2	65.6	62.5	69.1	63.2	Σ	738

Hours of sunshine ( h / d )	1	2	3	5	6th	6th	6th	6th	4th	3	2	1	O	3.8

Rainy days ( d )	13	9	12	10	11	11	11	11	11	11	14th	14th	Σ	138

Source:

Protected areas

View from NE of the Lengen Sea

Overview map of the protected areas Lengener Meer, Stapeler Moor and Spolsener Moor

Open raised bog area with a relatively natural Bult-Schlenken complex and cripple pines typical of raised bogs

The municipality of Uplengen is rich in nature reserves, most of which are moorland. Of the 14,900 hectares of the municipality, 1,597 hectares are under nature protection, which corresponds to a share of 10.72 percent. The Lengener Meer nature reserve has a size of 240 hectares and is part of the 1414 hectare FFH area "Lengener Meer, Stapeler Moor, Baasenmeers-Moor" . The eponymous body of water, one of the few remaining raised bog lakes in Germany, has been under protection since 1940. Expansion areas in the north, which protrude as far as the area of the Friedeburg community , were added in 1982. To the east of the protected area is the NSG Spolsener Moor , which, however, is already completely in the area of the district of Friesland . South of the Lengen Sea are the nature reserves Stapeler Moor (557 hectares, protected in 1983) and Stapeler Moor Süd and Kleines Bullenmeer . The latter area was placed under protection in 2007. It is 414 hectares in size, of which 324 hectares are in the Leer district and 90 hectares in the Ammerland district . The fourth moor nature reserve is the Neudorfer Moor with 350 hectares in size, which has been under nature protection since 1983. Especially in the Stapeler Moor (until 1997) and in the Neudorfer Moor peat mining took place in earlier centuries, the corresponding areas were and will be rewetted . In the area of the Lengen Sea there are still growing residual raised bog areas . In the Holle Sand forest area there is the highest point on the East Frisian mainland at around 18.5 meters above sea level, a shifting dune. The area is 126.3 hectares and has been under protection since 1951. It is the largest contiguous inland dune area in East Frisia. Because of the poor quality of the soil, the forest consists mainly of pine forest , partly birch-oak forest .

There are other protected areas in addition to the nature reserves. The LSG Südgeorgsfehner Moor, which is located on a residual moor area of that area, has been designated as a landscape protection area since 2009. It is 67.1 acres. The Brook in the Selverde district, which has been under protection since 1949, is a protected part of the landscape with a size of around five hectares. The three hectare protected landscape area Tichelboe southeast of Remels has been under protection since the same year. Since 2005, two granite boulders in the area north of Remels have been protected as natural monuments . In and around the main town of Remels, in and around Stapel, as well as Großsander and Neufirrel, several trees are designated as natural monuments. These are red beeches, chestnuts, linden trees and oaks.

The Lower Nature Conservation Authority responsible for the protected areas is the district of Leer.

history

Prehistory and early history

Reconstruction of a boardwalk from 713 BC In the nature reserve Stapeler Moor

The municipality of Uplengen is located in the southeast of the Oldenburg-East Frisian Geestrücken and therefore in the East Frisian sub-region in which the oldest prehistoric finds in East Frisia were discovered to date. These are located in the area of the neighboring municipality to the west of Hesel . The finds in the Uplengen area are all recent. The prehistoric paths through the moor are of particular historical importance and prove that even back then people knew how to cut paths through this impassable terrain.

A blade made of light gray flint was discovered in 2006 during excavations in a planned new building area in Remels. According to the report of the Archaeological Service of the East Frisian Landscape, the blade is "probably to be dated to the late Neolithic (New Stone Age)". A Mesolithic arrowhead was found in 2001 during an inspection of a field in the center of Poghausen. It is a blade made of yellow flint.

As early as the Bronze Age there was a "branch" of the network of trails within the region that led on the Geest from Hesel to Remels. This is the conclusion reached by archaeologists who, as early as the 1950s , examined the Bronze Age network of trails in East Frisia on the basis of barrows and other artefacts found , especially their spatial concentration.

In the Stapeler Moor near Oltmannsfehn, prehistoric plank paths were discovered, with the help of which people crossed the moor at some suitable places. The Bohlenweg near Oltmannsfehn is dated from around 2000 BC. BC and 700 BC Dated; it is therefore a path from the younger Bronze Age or the older pre-Roman Iron Age. Boardwalks were also discovered on the moorland strip, which is only four kilometers wide between Großsander and today's Westersted district of Hollriede, as well as in the area of Südgeorgsfehn. With the exception of the one at Oltmannsfehn, these paths were overgrown by the moor again at a later time. More than 1500 oaks were felled and processed for the Bohlenweg in Oltmannsfehn. Archaeologists assume that it took about two years of work to lay out the path.

In Hollen a stone ax, the shape typical of the older Bronze Age work axes, as well as a small flint ax and a polished flint dagger from the individual grave culture have been discovered, which were probably grave goods. When cutting peat in the Oltmannsfehn district, fragments were found about half a meter deep in the ground, which could later be reconstructed into a wooden club about 80 centimeters long at the Institute for Historical Coastal Research in Wilhelmshaven. It was a club made of field maple from the older to middle Bronze Age. Burial mounds from the Elp culture were found near Remels.

As early as 1986, during work on the moor in Meinersfehn, two bronze tubes, each about four centimeters long, were found, which may have belonged to wagons from the pre-Roman Iron Age. Similar findings suggested this conclusion. It has not yet been confirmed whether it was actually a question of car parts (status: 1995).

middle Ages

A settlement that can be dated to the late 8th or 9th century was uncovered in Großoldendorf in 2002. Archaeologists had already discovered another settlement site from that time in Hollen. Excavations in the center of Remels brought to light pottery finds, such as mussel gravel and Badorf goods, which prove that settlement at this point began in the 9th century. In addition to the ceramics, house floor plans and fountains were also exposed. The discovery of a gilded saint brooch with an enamel insert, which is assigned to the first half of the 9th century, is unique in East Friesland.

Selverde (as Seluuida ) and Hollen (as Holanla ) were first mentioned in a document around the year 900 in the Werdener Landmarks . They are thus the oldest written place names in the municipality.

Around the 11th century, the inhabitants of the Geest discovered that the peat in the moor could be used as heating material after drying. At that time, the targeted mining of peat in the moorland began in East Frisia.

After the time of the Frisian freedom , no significant independent chieftainship could establish itself in the Uplengen area, as the soil here was too sandy and did not produce any agricultural wealth, which in other parts of East Frisia was the basis for the rise of the chiefs there. Uplengen came under the influence of Chief Focko Ukena from Neermoor . In the conflict between Ukena and the Freedom Association of the Seven East Friesland , the Lengenerland stood on the side of the Neermoorer or Leeraner chief. After the defeat of Ukena, the chief family Cirksena rose to counts of East Friesland (1464), who thus also ruled the present area.

Among the Cirksena

In the late Middle Ages, a fortification was built in what is now Großsander, which was named Burg Uplengen (formerly simply: Lengen) . Under the rule of the East Frisian Count Edzard Cirksena, the border fortification to the Oldenburg was greatly expanded in 1432. During the Saxon feud in 1514 the castle was conquered by the opponents of the East Frisian ruling house, but was recaptured the following year. The East Frisian Count Enno II had the fortress razed in 1535 and the building completely demolished three years later. The stones were brought to Stickhausen , where they were used to expand the border fortifications there.

East Friesland map by Ubbo Emmius (1595): Several localities were first mentioned in a document on it. The Lengenerland is the area outlined in red on the southeastern edge of East Frisia.

The Counts of East Friesland created new administrative structures by setting up offices . The present area came to the Stickhausen office in 1535, which roughly encompassed the area of today's (velvet) communities Jümme, Hesel, Uplengen, Rhauderfehn and Ostrhauderfehn, i.e. roughly the eastern third of today's district of Leer. From then on, officials of the counts took over the administrative business. The Stickhausen office was one of the poorer in the county due to the poor quality of the soil compared to the march and remained so in the following centuries. A comparison between the Greetsiel Office and the Stickhausen Office, which is much larger in area, from 1596 shows the differences: In the Stickhausen Office there were 2,311 grasses of arable land, while in the Greetsiel Office, with 23,355 grasses, ten times as much.

The Reformation found its way into East Frisia early on, with the inhabitants of what is now the municipality becoming Lutheran , while the Reformed faith prevailed in the western offices of the county .

During the Thirty Years War , East Frisia was captured three times (1622-1624, 1627-1631 and 1637-1651) by foreign troops and used as quarters, even if no major fighting took place. From 1622 to 1624 the Mansfelder occupied East Frisia. The places in the area suffered from the occupation by the troops. The two following occupations also meant burdens through contributions. The occupiers from 1627 to 1631, however, imperial troops under Tilly , “kept male discipline and avoided excesses”, as did the Hessian troops billeted in East Frisia from 1637 to 1651 under Wilhelm V von Hessen-Kassel . Materially, too, the situation was different under the two occupations than under Mansfeld: Although contributions were collected, these were also spent in the region. During the war, the plague broke out in East Frisia , but deaths for the area in question are not documented.

From Prussia to the Kingdom of Hanover

Reclamation edict

In 1744 Ostfriesland fell to Prussia through an prospectus . At that time the church town of Remels was a place that, unlike other places of the Stickhausen office, was on average occupied by craftsmen and traders. In 1756 nine of them were counted: a merchant, two linen weavers, two tailors, a blacksmith and three carpenters. At that time Groß- and Kleinoldendorf only had eight craftsmen together, in Hollen there was only one tailor in 1756. For comparison: In Detern and Stickhausen, where the official seat was, there were 65 merchants and craftsmen at the same time. In the Lengen area, farmers and other agricultural workers were the largest occupational group.

In the second half of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, several bog colonies were established in what is now the municipality . Most of the bog colonies were settled after the edict of land reclamation issued by Frederick the Great in 1765 . Most of the new settlers came from the surrounding old Geest villages, including those that are not in the municipality today. Meinersfehn (1767) was the first bog colony of the Lengenerland to emerge after the edict was passed. In 1772 the first settlers from Remels settled in Klein-Remels. In the same year, the colonies Bargerfehn, Ochsenkopf and Zinskenfehn were founded from Jübberde. Stack was gradually settled between 1786 and 1806. Starting from the mother village of Poghausen, colonists settled in Oltmannsfehn from 1807 (named after the first colonist Oltmann Leeners) and from 1813 also in Ockenhausen (named after the first colonist Ocke Janssen). Neufirrel emerged after 1810 as an "appendage" of the Firrel colony, which had been settled since 1764 . The villages ending in "-fehn" have in common that the name ending only indicates the location in a moorland. In all cases it was scattered settlements, not settlements that stretched along a Fehn Canal. As a result of the bog colonization promoted by Friedrich , the population of the Stickhausen office, to which the present area also belonged, grew very significantly during this period: from around 5,100 to around 9,300 people. In 1806 the Stickhausen office was the third largest in terms of population after the Aurich and Leer offices.

Food source of the first bog settlers: buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum )

The agricultural basis of the bog colonies was the bog fire culture. Small trenches were dug in the summer to drain a piece of bog. In autumn, the Moor was chopped into flakes, which by freezing in winter and the following spring harrowed were. In late spring, the colonists set fire to the marshes that had been worked in this way and placed seeds (mostly) of buckwheat in the ashes. Buckwheat grows very quickly and could therefore be harvested after a few weeks. The buckwheat, a knotweed plant , was then processed. Potatoes, rye and oats were also grown. However, the peat soil was depleted after a few years by this form of processing, so that the yields fell. With only a few exceptions, the bog colonies became emergency areas. However, since the bog colonies became impoverished, partly increased by the effects of the weather and / or cattle epidemics, the propagation of buckwheat cultivation after the bog brandy culture was initially stopped by the Prussian War and Domain Chamber in 1791. The creation of new colonies or the enlargement of existing colonies came to a halt, which lasted until around 1800.

After the battle of Jena and Auerstedt in 1806, East Friesland and with it the present area was incorporated into the Kingdom of Holland and thus into the French sphere of influence. In 1810, the Ems-Orientale (Osterems) department became part of the French Empire, and in 1813, after the Wars of Liberation, Prussia was briefly re-established. After the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, Prussia ceded East Frisia to the Kingdom of Hanover.

From the Kingdom of Hanover to the First World War

The peatland colonization continued during the reign of the kings of Hanover. For the first and only time, fen settlements were created in the municipal area, which were built on canals. These are the settlements Nord- and Südgeorgsfehn, which emerged from 1829 and were named after King George V of Hanover . Together with Holterfehn in today's municipality of Ostrhauderfehn , these are the last “real” type of fen settlements to emerge in East Friesland - that is, those with settlements that extend along a previously excavated fen canal. The canal served on the one hand to drain the surrounding moorland and on the other as the main transport route at that time.

After the first stone road in East Friesland from Leer via Hesel to Aurich was laid in 1834/1835, the route from Hesel via Remels to Oldenburg, the forerunner of what later became Reichsstraße 75 , was expanded between 1839 and 1841 . In 1863 a daily mail service was set up from Leer to Oldenburg.

In 1866, East Frisia (and with it the area at hand) came to Prussia after the German War and was part of the German Empire from 1871. During the Prussian territorial reform in 1885, Uplengen came to the district of Leer, to which the area has belonged ever since. The Nordgeorgsfehnkanal was driven to Neudorf on today's border with the city of Wiesmoor until 1891. In the course of the expansion of the Marcardsmoor bog colony founded a year earlier, however, there were already plans to advance the canal to this point. This happened from 1907, but the final completion was delayed by the First World War and the subsequent crisis until 1922.

Weimar Republic

In April 1919 there were so-called "bacon parades" by Emden workers , followed by rioting on the farm workers and similar raids in the Rheiderland . Workers broke into the surrounding villages in closed trains and stole food from farmers in clashes. The situation only calmed down after the deployment of the Reichswehr troops stationed in the region . As a reaction to this, resident groups were formed in many places in East Frisia - including those that were not affected by the “parades” - such as in Bühren (20 people with 13 weapons) and Großsander (20/10). Compared to the western municipalities of the Leer district, however, the weirs remained weak in numbers. The resident services were only dissolved after a corresponding decree by the Prussian Interior Minister Carl Severing on April 10, 1920.

After the end of the First World War, several expressionist artists tried to found an artist colony in Remels . The group consisted of Otto Pankok , Gert Heinrich Wollheim and Hermann Hundt . Pankok had already lived for several years in an artists' colony in the village of Dötlingen in the Oldenburg region. However, the artists gave up their project again, moved to Düsseldorf and joined the artist group “ Das Junge Rheinland ” there.

In the localities of the municipality of Uplengen, a clear shift to the right in political opinion was already noticeable in the early years of the Weimar Republic. As in most of the other moor and Geest areas of East Friesland, the residents of the Reichstag elections in 1919 still voted liberally, but right-wing parties won the election in December 1924. The town of Poghausen can be mentioned as an example, where the majority of voters (65 percent) voted for the DDP in 1919 . In the December 1924 election, however, the DNVP won 83.6 percent of the vote.

As in the entire north-west of Lower Saxony, the rural people's movement was given a boost in the Weimar Republic after a bad harvest occurred in 1927 and the farmers were increasingly in dire straits. However, by focusing on quantities rather than quality, the problems were partly homemade. As in other parts of the country, the black flag, symbol of Florian Geyer's Black Band in the Peasants' War , fluttered as a sign of protest. On January 5, 1928, there was a large demonstration by farmers from the region in Aurich, in which 4,000 people took part. The National Socialists, with their blood and soil ideology, saw themselves as guardians of the needs of the farmers and found appropriate support in many communities.

In the years that followed, the NSDAP gained more and more supporters. In September 1930 it had already surpassed the DNVP in Poghausen (39 percent compared to 37.3 percent). In the Reichstag elections in July 1932, the National Socialists won 91.6 percent of the vote. The DNVP accounted for the remaining 8.4 percent.

The infrastructure was also further improved during the years of the Weimar Republic. The final expansion of the Nordgeorgsfehn Canal took place until 1922, when the lock in Neudorf was also built.

National Socialism

The mayor remained in office in several villages after 1933. The previously non-party mayor of Neufirrel joined the NSDAP immediately after the “ seizure of power ”. In the following years he was not only the local farmer leader , but also the district farmer leader of the Uplengen district. The farmers in the municipality were in the Reich into line . The passing of the Reichserbhofgesetz met with protests from many farmers, as they felt that their economic freedom of choice was limited. In the bog colonies there was also the fact that the agricultural land was often too small to represent a full-time farm. The ban on selling hereditary farms therefore hit those businesses with the lower size limit of a hereditary farm of 7.5 hectares in particular. For Neufirrel this applied to 16 colonates. The courtyards could no longer be divided after admission. Although there were many judicial judgments in favor of the plaintiff smallholders, the proportion of hereditary farms in the region remained above the national average.

In the course of emergency work (job creation measures), further paths were built in the present area during the Nazi era, which until then had only been unpaved or poorly paved. These included routes from Spols to Neudorf, from Großsander in the direction of Apen, Kleinsander and Meinersfehn, but also a bypass with which Reichsstraße 75 was relocated from the narrow local passage. The road was also paved for the first time. In some villages, the connection to the Wiesmoor peat power station was also continued , giving these villages electrical power for the first time. In the Stapeler Moor near Meinersfehn, areas for supplying the power plant were peated from 1936 onwards.

There is evidence that one person was forcibly sterilized in Großsander during the Nazi era . There was hardly any Jewish life in the municipality. It is not known whether Jews in Uplengen were subjected to harassment and persecution. There were also few social democrats and communists in Uplengen, so nothing is known of persecution as in other areas of East Frisia.

During the Second World War, prisoners of war and (mostly female) forced laborers were used in almost every village in the present area. The prisoners of war came from both the Western and Eastern Fronts and the Balkans, including French, Belgians, Russians, Ukrainians and Serbs. They were used as agricultural helpers, for drainage work and in peat cutting.

Uplengen was only occasionally affected by the air war. In addition to bombs that had "strayed" and emergency drops, which caused only minor damage, there were no drops. On December 21, 1943, an American bomber was shot down by German fighters near Bühren and crashed near the village. At the end of April, two Wehrmacht soldiers were sentenced to death by shooting in a forest near Selverde and then buried in a forest. The present area was occupied by the approaching Canadian and Polish units on May 2 and 3, 1945, after they had previously conquered Leer and returned to Aurich. At Selverde, German soldiers blew up the bridge over the Holtland marriage, so that the Allies had to bypass the place. During retreats by the Wehrmacht, individual villages were destroyed: several houses and farms caught fire as a result of shelling.

post war period

In the immediate post-war period, the district of Leer was the most heavily populated of the three East Frisian districts with refugees from the East, because - in contrast to the districts of Aurich and Wittmund - it was not used as an internment area for prisoners of war German soldiers. However, the district of Leer subsequently accepted most of the people in Lower Saxony who were already unemployed or unemployed in the eastern regions. The proportion of people over 65 was also higher than the average in Lower Saxony. In contrast, the district of Leer recorded the lowest proportion of male refugees from the East between the ages of 20 and 45 of all districts in Lower Saxony.

In the post-war period, the infrastructure was significantly expanded. In addition to the many connecting paths between the villages, some of which were initially laid out as sandy roads with fortified edges, the focus was also on regional connections. Today's state road from Wiesmoor to Remels was initially expanded as a paved road over a five-kilometer section to Neudorf between 1948 and 1952, followed by the continuation to Remels.

Until the 1960s, peat was extracted in the Stapeler Moor for the Wiesmoor power station. After switching the firing from peat to gas, the mining continued and the peat was marketed as potting soil.

On January 1, 1973, the 18 previously independent communities of Bühren, Großoldendorf, Großsander, Hollen, Jübberde, Kleinoldendorf, Kleinsander, Meinersfehn, Neudorf, Neufirrel, Nordgeorgsfehn, Oltmannsfehn, Poghausen, Remels, Selverde, Spols, Stapel and Südgeorgsfehn became the unified community formed and named after the old historical landscape. The administration of the municipality is located in the village of Remels.

Development of the community name

The name of the community can be traced back to the field name "length" in the sense of "back of an elevation" or "narrow strip of land or headland" (Low German linge ). This describes the geest area enclosed by moors. The part of the name -lengen has been associated with the Low German preposition up (for "auf") since the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era . Ultimately, the name of the municipality indicates the location of the elevated, first populated Geest area in the middle of a moor landscape. In the combination of Uplenghen , the area is mentioned in 1496, the name Lengederlant is older and was used in 1398. During the municipal reform in Lower Saxony in 1973, those responsible in the merging small municipalities chose the name of the historical region as the new, old municipality name, just as in other areas of East Friesland during the municipal reform and the formation of large municipalities, historical names for regions were used (e.g. Moormerland or Westoverledingen ).

religion

Christ Church in Hollen

Baptist Church in Remels

Like all of East Frisia, Uplengen has been strongly Protestant since the Reformation . Within the region, the community belongs to the larger eastern part, which is predominantly Lutheran, while along the Ems in the west of East Frisia the Reformed faith predominates or includes a similar number of believers as the Lutherans. Catholicism has never played a significant role in Uplengen since the Reformation. It was not until the arrival of Catholic refugees from the East after the Second World War that there was a significant number of Christians of Catholic orientation. There are therefore predominantly Lutheran congregations in the congregation, supplemented by a Baptist congregation in Remels. The three Lutheran parishes in Hollen, Ockenhausen and Remels belong to the Rhauderfehn parish of the Hanover regional church . The Baptist congregation inaugurated its first church in Remels in 1975, but it had become too small over the years. The community therefore built a new church, which was inaugurated in 2011.

The population is divided up according to denominations as follows: 78.61% Lutheran , 1.84% Reformed , 3.88% Catholic , 15.67% without a denomination or other religious communities (status: 2010).

politics

In contrast to the rest of East Friesland, the CDU in the district of Leer was organized very early after the Second World War and achieved the best results within the region there. In the federal election in 1949, it achieved a majority in all localities except Neudorf, which is near the industrialized Wiesmoor , where the SPD won. In Neudorf, the CDU came to less than 30 percent. In ten localities, however, it secured an absolute majority, in the remaining localities it was the strongest party with results between 30 and 50 percent. As early as the 1953 Bundestag elections, the CDU won a majority in all districts: In Neudorf, Großoldendorf, Remels and Meinersfehn it was the relative majority, in the other districts it was even the absolute majority.

This majority subsequently remained unmolested and was even expanded in the 1969 election: the Christian Democrats won an absolute majority in all districts except Großoldendorf, and a relative majority in Großoldendorf. Even in the "Willy Brandt election" in 1972 , which brought the SPD a record result in East Friesland and penetrated some of the previous CDU bastions, the area remained a support for the CDU. Again it was Großoldendorf that was an exception: Here the SPD was ahead. In the other districts, the CDU won again, in some villages with results above 70 percent.

In the 2005 Bundestag elections, Uplengen was one of only three East Frisian municipalities (alongside the Jümme and Juist commune ) in which the CDU was ahead of the SPD. In all the other municipalities in the region, the Social Democrats won, for whom East Frisia has been one of the strongholds in Germany for several decades.

City council and mayor

Town hall in Remels

The municipal council of the municipality of Uplengen consists of 28 councilors. This is the specified number for a municipality with a population between 11,001 and 12,000. The 28 council members are elected by local elections for five years each. The current term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021.

The full-time mayor Heinz Trauernicht is also entitled to vote in the municipal council. His term of office began in autumn 2017.

The most recent local elections on September 11, 2016 resulted in the following:

CDU 19 seats
SPD 6 seats
Green 1 seat
FDP 1 seat
General voter community (AWG) 1 seat

The turnout in the 2016 local elections was 60.3%, well above the Lower Saxony average of 55.5%.

Representatives in the Land and Bundestag

Uplengen belongs to the constituency of Leer . 15 parties ran for the state elections in Lower Saxony in 2017 . Six of these parties had put up direct candidates. The directly elected MP is Ulf Thiele ( CDU ). Meta Janssen-Kucz ( Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen ) also entered the Lower Saxony state parliament via the state list .

Uplengen belongs to the Bundestag constituency Unterems (constituency 25), which consists of the district of Leer and the northern part of the district of Emsland. The constituency was redesigned for the 1980 federal election and has remained unchanged since then. So far, only representatives of the CDU have prevailed as direct candidates in this constituency. The constituency is represented in the Bundestag by the directly elected CDU MP Gitta Connemann from Leer. No party candidate from the constituency entered the Bundestag via the parties' list.

Municipal finance

The municipality of Uplengen passed both the 2010 and 2011 budgets in a balanced manner. The budget in 2011 in the administrative budget (current income and expenditure) was 11.46 million euros. 1.95 million euros were spent in the asset budget (investments).

coat of arms

	Blazon : "In silver divided by a blue wavy bar, above a red-armored, red-tongued black eagle, below a red open gate with black gate wings, accompanied by two red, six-pointed stars standing on top."
	Reasons for the coat of arms: The blue wave symbolizes the Fehnkanal in the community, the eagle comes from the coat of arms of Make von Lengen, mother of chief Focko Ukena. The gate shown is the Easter gate of the old fortified church in Remels, while the two red stars stand for the Uplengen Council from 1520.

Culture and sights

Theaters and museums

There are three smaller museums in the municipality. A museum with agricultural equipment is housed in the Remels windmill (see secular buildings below). The collection of the tractor museum in Nordgeorgsfehn also falls under the agricultural sector. The museum has around 60 old agricultural tractors, mainly from the Lanz brand . The baking museum in Südgeorgsfehn is housed in the building of a restaurant.

There is no permanent theater building in the community. Theater performances, especially those of the Low German folk theater groups in the community, are performed in the village community centers or - if the audience is expected to be more popular - in the auditorium of the school center in Remels.

Churches

The different stones of the church in Remels reveal three construction phases.

There are three churches in the municipality, one medieval and two from the late 19th century. The oldest preserved church building is the St. Martin Church in Remels. The church was built in the 12th or the beginning of the 13th century as a Romanesque hall church made of granite ashlars, which in the western part almost extend to the gable roof. The eastern apse and west wall were demolished around 1300 when the church was extended and three new bays were drawn in. As a result of this renovation, in which brick and tuff were used as new materials, a rectangular hall in the Romano-Gothic style was created . Half a walled up round arch portal on the south side has been preserved. The pointed arched windows on the long sides and the new east wall point to the Gothic. The western brick tower from 1897/98 with four small side helmets in the style of historicism replaces two previous medieval towers that served as defense towers. Only one gate tower has been preserved from the entire original fortress. The church was also the place of jurisdiction: a large square granite block served as a yardstick ("Lengener Boommaat") when allocating the parish meadows. The sending court was held at the church, as indicated by a chain with a collar and the pedestal of a pillory on the north wall. The interior is closed off by four domical vaults . A sarcophagus lid made of Sollingen sandstone from the 11th century testifies to an older prehistory of Christianity in Lengen. The baptismal font, made of Bentheim sandstone , dates from the Romanesque period . Its basin with acanthus frieze rests on four atlases . Around 1660 to 1675 the altarpiece was created as a Protestant winged altar. The baroque pulpit dates from the end of the 17th century. In 1782, Hinrich Just Müller built an organ that has largely been preserved. The Rückpositiv probably goes back to Johann Friedrich Constabel (1733) and served as an independent positive before it was integrated into his new building by Müller.

The Christ Church in Hollen is the successor to a medieval church that stood east of the pastor in the 13th century. Due to the dilapidation and an increase in the population, the community decided to demolish the old building, but took over the Renaissance pulpit from the previous building, which Tönnies Mahler had created in 1655. The neo-Gothic style of the church is particularly evident in the nave with its two bays, the transept with two gables and the choir with buttresses and tracery windows . The transverse extensions create a cross-shaped floor plan. The choir is connected to the nave by two large round arches and closed by a ribbed vault . The altar was created in 1990 based on its neo-Gothic predecessor from 1896 and the crucifix was adopted. In 1903 the baptismal font and the figure of Christ were created. In 1989, the Alfred Führer organ building workshop built a new organ with twelve registers, the neo-Gothic prospect of which was based on the previous organ by Johann Martin Schmid .

The “Fehngemeinde” in Ockenhausen was initially served by Remels from an ecclesiastical perspective. The desire for independence was expressed in 1897 in the establishment of an independent parish, in 1898 in the election of a pastor and in 1899 in the new building of the Friedenskirche . From 1988 to 1990, the building was extended by five meters in an easterly direction and redesigned significantly. Since then, five narrow choir windows have shaped the interior; the long sides each have four small arched windows and buttresses. The slender three-storey west tower with a pyramid roof also serves as the entrance. Alfred Führer created the small organ with six registers from 1970 to 1972, Walter Arno from Elmshorn created the book shelf on the pulpit, the cross and the candlestick on the altar and the baptismal font on the font.

Profane structures

Remels, mill

Converted Gulfhof in Hollen

Three historic windmills are among the outstanding secular buildings in the community. The two-story Dutch gallery in Remels was built in 1803 by the parish. The mill was originally used as a grinding, pelt and oil mill. In 1847 the miller family Janshen took over the mill. The last master miller was Fritz Haupt until 1958. After that, the mill was owned by the Janshen family until 1962. In 1963 it became the property of the municipality of Remels (today Uplengen). She had this restored at great expense. The municipality endeavors to preserve this technical structure, which is a landmark of the place. Today civil marriages are held on the first floor in a rustic setting. There is space for 33 people in the mill. Alfons and Jantjedine Goldenstein, who come from a miller and mill builder family well-known far beyond East Friesland, built the two-story gallery Dutchman with codend in Südgeorgsfehn in. In 1939 the son Bernhard Goldenstein took over the mill. In 1954 the Raiffeisen Cooperative bought the building. It is now owned by the municipality of Uplengen. The mill is closed, but can be visited on request. There is also a third Dutch windmill in the Großoldendorf district.

There are a number of Gulf farms in the agricultural community . A number of them are under monument protection . Six such buildings are protected in the center of Bühren alone, and two in the centers of Spols and Großsander. There are also a large number of historic Gulf farms in the district of Hollen, which in 1993 and 1995 was the second national winner (“silver medal”) in the “ Our village has a future ” competition . A special feature in Hollen is a now converted Gulfhof, which was given up by the last farming farmer. The building in the town center is used as a branch by the local savings bank after renovations.

The remainder of the ramparts of Uplengen Castle in Großsander are also under monument protection.

Regular events

Bathing lake at Großsander

Shooting festivals and folk festivals take place in several districts, along with East Frisian traditional events that can also be found in other communities, such as the setting up of a maypole . The tradition of carbide shooting is maintained on New Year's Eve . One of the concerts of the Musical Summer in East Frisia usually takes place in one of the historic churches in the municipality . The lake festival has been taking place every year at the bathing lake in Großsander for several years . The Kulturring Uplengen, a registered association, regularly organizes exhibitions in the town hall in Remels. In addition, the cultural ring organizes excursions, etc. The traditional autumn market in Remels, which takes place every year in September, has several thousand visitors. The VfB Uplengen organizes the autumn market run. In the district of Jübberde the "Tuffelfest" (flat German: Potato Festival ) takes place in August , with old- fashioned potato harvesting methods .

The regular events also include those relating to the cultivation of customs: In almost all villages, Easter fires are lit on Holy Saturday to drive away winter. The erection of a maypole in the night from April 30th to May 1st is considered a sign of spring in many districts. On November 10th, the evening martinis singing will take place, with which the reformer Martin Luther will be remembered. On St. Nicholas' Day , goblets are organized in restaurants , where traditional meat packages can be won.

language

Distribution area of the East Frisian Platt

In the integrated community, East Frisian Platt is spoken in addition to Standard German . At least among adults, Platt is an everyday language. The community promotes - also with the support of the Plattdütskbüro der Ostfriesische Landschaft - the use and thus the preservation of the Low German.

Sports

There are 20 sports clubs in the municipality with a total of 4656 members. The largest sports club in the municipality and the second largest in the district of Leer is VfB Uplengen, which is based in Remels. It has around 1,800 members. Other universal sports clubs are SV Neufirrel, VfL Ockenhausen, FTC Hollen, STV Hollesand (in Großoldendorf) and SV Lengenerland (in Oltmannsfehn).

The Frisian sports Boßeln and Klootschießen are practiced in the Boßel clubs in Großoldendorf, Klein-Remels, Neudorf, Oltmannsfehn, Stapel and Hollen. In addition, there is the Uplengen shooting club (in Remels), a fishing club, a DLRG local group, the Uplengen riding and driving club and table tennis clubs in Remels and Neudorf.

The municipal gymnasiums and sports halls at the school locations are available to the sports clubs. Sports fields are in Remels, Neufirrel, Oltmannsfehn, Stapel and Hollen. The TTC Neudorf has a table tennis hall, the riding and driving club has a riding hall in Großoldendorf and the shooting club in Remels has a shooting range. There is a tennis hall in Remels, tennis courts in Remels, Hollen and Stapel. The community does not have an indoor or outdoor swimming pool; instead, a swimming lake is available in Großsander in summer. However, there is a teaching pool at the primary school in Hollen.

Economy and Infrastructure

The community is economically characterized by medium-sized companies and agriculture, two smaller industrial companies can only be found in the approximately 35 hectare industrial and commercial area in Jübberde. In addition to this, there are two other, much smaller industrial areas in Jübberde (nine hectares) and in the north of the main town of Remels (2.7 hectares). The main town is also the central shopping area of the community. In the industrial and commercial area of Jübberde there are not only a truck stop and several trading companies but also production facilities. In addition to the cleaning agent manufacturer Zielinsky Universalstein, these are the company Feuerverzinkung Nordwest and the company Orgelbau Ostfriesland of the organ builder Martin ter Haseborg .

Data on unemployment in the municipality itself are not collected. In the Leer division of the Employment Agency, which includes the district of Leer excluding Borkum, the unemployment rate in December 2015 was 6.3 percent. It was 0.4 percentage points above the Lower Saxony average.

Uplengen is an out- commuter community . 1030 inbound commuters are compared to 2453 people who earn their living beyond the municipal boundaries (as of 2006). In Uplengen there are 3261 residents who are subject to social security contributions, but only 1,838 jobs subject to social security contributions. One percent of the employees worked in the agricultural sector, 31 percent in manufacturing, 29 percent in trade, hospitality and transport, and 39 percent in the other service sector. However, the number of people working in agriculture is disproportionately larger, as self-employed farmers and family workers are not included in a statistic of dependent employees.

The rather low occupancy rate is also noticeable in the municipality's tax income: With net trade tax income of 121.19 euros per capita in 2010, Uplengen only achieved 41 percent of the Lower Saxony national average. The municipality's share of income tax in 2009 was 156.08 euros per capita and was thus 61 percent of the national average.

Agriculture

Uplengen is characterized by grassland farming and dairy farming. In arable farming, the cultivation of forage crops is predominant. The district of Leer is one of the ten largest milk producer districts in Germany. As the largest municipality in the district in terms of area, Uplengen contributes significantly to this fact. For some years now, dairy farmers have suffered from an often low and highly fluctuating price for milk and milk products. In addition to the purely agricultural operations, there are also upstream and downstream companies in this sector, including one of only two companies in the region that specializes in the trade in breeding bull semen. Farmers earn additional income by installing wind turbines or generating energy from biomass. The boom in biogas plants, however, is leading to an expansion of the cultivation areas for maize, which in East Frisia grew by 60 percent between 2005 and 2010. This was accompanied by an increase in the price of agricultural land for arable land and grassland by 31 and 40 percent. In addition, some farmers rent rooms to holiday guests under the motto of a holiday on the farm . House slaughtering , which is still widespread in some villages in East Friesland, such as Nordgeorgsfehn, is used to cover personal needs, but also to maintain tradition .

tourism

Tourism plays a limited role in the municipality. In 2010, 31,500 overnight stays were recorded in Uplengen, and in 2018 the number of overnight stays was 50,200. Together with the neighboring municipalities of Moormerland, Jümme and Hesel, the municipality has set up the longest cycle route in the region to date, the "East Frisian Route" over 172 kilometers. The Uplengen districts of Nord- and Südgeorgsfehn are also on the German Fehn route , the community is also crossed by one of the routes of the Frisian Heerweg . The windmills in Großoldendorf, Remels and Südgeorgsfehn are part of the Lower Saxony Mill Road .

The municipality focuses primarily on bicycle tourism, but also uses the existing channels to market boat tourism and other water sports such as fishing. In Remels there is a “paddle and pedal” station on the Nordgeorgsfehn Canal, where visitors can borrow both bicycles and canoes. These stations are part of a network in East Friesland that is connected by canals and cycle routes, at which means of transport borrowed from other stations can be exchanged. At the “paddle and pedal” station there is one of two motorhome parking spaces in the main town, the other is centrally located on Schützenplatz. There are no other campsites in the municipality. The room offer consists of a hotel, but mostly pensions, holiday houses and apartments.

A moor experience path has been created in the Stapeler Moor. There are also vantage points into the moor at Neudorfer Moor and at the Lengener Meer. The tourist offer also includes the bathing lake in Großsander, which was excavated as a sand extraction point in the course of the construction of the Autobahn 28 in 1983 and expanded to include an amusement park between 1989 and 1991.

traffic

Traffic axes in East Frisia: The community of Uplengen (east of Leer) is conveniently located on the A 28 .

The municipality is located on two supraregional traffic routes: the federal highway 28 and the state road 24 , which is the former Reichstrasse or federal road 75 .

The A 28 from Leer to Oldenburg with the Apen / Remels junction crosses the community in the south over a length of around 10.5 kilometers. The junction is located in the Uplengen municipality between the districts of Jübberde and Südgeorgsfehn. The Westerstede-West junction is also important for motorists from the eastern part of the municipality with their destination Oldenburg. The section of the motorway was built in the early 1980s. It replaced the B 75 as the most important national east-west connection in East Frisia. Until then, the B 75 ran from Bunde on the border with the Netherlands via Leer, Remels, Oldenburg, Bremen and Hamburg to the Lübeck district of Travemünde . After the construction of the A 28, the main road on the section between the Dutch border and Delmenhorst was de- dedicated . The section on the Uplengen municipality, between Hesel and Westerstede with the Westerstede-West junction mentioned, has since been classified as Landesstraße 24. The list of state roads in the Weser-Ems district # L 12Landesstraße 12 , which leads from the Remels town center via Wiesmoor to Wittmund , is also of regional importance . In particular, it connects Wiesmoor and its districts to the A28. The state road 18 , coming from the direction of Friedeburg, connects Ockenhausen, Poghausen and Spols with Remels and Hollen, the L 827 represents the connection between Hollen, Südgeorgsfehn and the Apener district Augustfehn. The villages apart from the mentioned main roads are connected via district roads. These supra-local roads are supplemented by the network of local roads with a total length of 425 kilometers, of which 368 kilometers have been developed.

Along the state, district and municipal roads, there are cycle paths that are separated from the road, albeit not completely. The municipality of Uplengen was awarded the German bicycle award "Best for Bike" in 2005. The award, awarded by the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development in cooperation with the working group for bicycle-friendly cities, municipalities and districts in North Rhine-Westphalia and the two-wheeled industry association, was awarded to the municipality in the “Most bicycle-friendly decision” category Euros per inhabitant invested in the construction of cycle paths.

The municipality has never had a standard-gauge railway connection, as the Oldenburg – Leer line forms a very direct connection between the two cities and therefore runs south of Uplengen. Under the empire and in the Weimar Republic resulting plans, existing since 1899 meter gauge line of the narrow-gauge railway empty Aurich-Wittmund add a branch from Hesel to Remels, have never been implemented for cost reasons. The nearest train station today is Augustfehn in the southern neighboring municipality of Apen. There Intercity and Regional Express trains run on the Norddeich / Emden-Oldenburg-Hanover route and sometimes beyond. The train station in Leer is also important , as connections to Münster / Ruhr area are free from there. The closest train station with (occasional) ICE connections is Oldenburg Hauptbahnhof .

The closest airfields are in Westerstede-Felde and Leer . The closest international airport is the one in Bremen .

The community's canal network, consisting of the North and South Georgsfehn Canal, was important in the past as a transport route for the excavated peat. In the meantime, however, the two canals are only used for boat tourism, which is particularly true of the Nordgeorgsfehnkanal. This represented a connection between the Ems-Jade Canal at Marcardsmoor and the Jümme. Because of some rigid bridges, it is not completely accessible for boats with superstructures, but for motorboats without superstructures as well as canoes, kayaks etc. The other rivers in the Municipality areas are only partially accessible for paddlers.

media

The only regional daily newspaper in which Uplengen is distributed is the Ostfriesen-Zeitung from Leer. Since 2002, the community magazine "Uplengen Blattje" has been published every two months, which reports on club activities, events and community life in general. Various advertising-financed papers ( Der Wecker as well as Sunday Report and others) appear weekly or monthly and complement the local reporting. The community radio broadcaster Radio Ostfriesland also reports from the community .

Public facilities

In addition to the municipal administration with its subordinate operations such as the building yard, there is also a police station in Remels. There, six officials do their early and late shifts, which cover the entire municipality. Outside of office hours, the police station in Warsingsfehn is responsible for the community of Uplengen. Authorities responsible for the municipality such as tax office, employment agency, district court, land registry office etc. are located in neighboring Leer, where the district administration is also based and the closest hospitals are located. The fire brigade is organized on a voluntary basis with smaller and larger fire brigades, with the Jübberde volunteer fire brigade playing a special role due to the industrial area there and the motorway operations. On behalf of eight of the eleven municipalities in the district of Leer (all except those in Rheiderland ), the Animal Protection Association in the district of Leer maintains an animal shelter in Jübberde.

education

In the municipality there are three primary schools with (as of 2010) a total of 518 students, namely in Remels (217), Stapel (136) and Hollen (165). There is also a secondary and secondary school in Remels, which is attended by 576 pupils, of which exactly two thirds (386) are in the secondary school branch. Gymnasiums can be attended in Westerstede , Wiesmoor (gymnasial branch of the local cooperative comprehensive school (KGS) up to grade 13) or in Leer ( Ubbo-Emmius-Gymnasium and Teletta-Groß-Gymnasium ). The closest vocational schools are also in Leer. The special needs school responsible for the Uplengen municipality is the Wilhelm-Busch-Schule in Hesel. Early childhood education is offered in four kindergartens in the community. In Hollen and Stapel there are kindergartens run by the political community, and in Remels there is also a kindergarten run by the Lutheran parish. There is also a privately run kindergarten in Remels. The Volkshochschule Leer has a branch in Uplengen. The nearest university of applied sciences is the University of Emden / Leer , the nearest university the Carl von Ossietzky University in Oldenburg.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church

The most famous sons and daughters of the community include three federal and state politicians, as well as two scientists. Both scholars - a theologian and a historian - left their homeland and started their careers elsewhere. Johannes Kortmann (born September 21, 1889, † November 2, 1965 in Aurich) was born in Hollen, who later became member of the federal and state parliament in Aurich. Alfred Buß (born April 6, 1947 in Bühren) is a German Protestant theologian and has been President of the Evangelical Church of Westphalia since 2004, based in Bielefeld . The professor of modern history in Potsdam Manfred Görtemaker was born on April 28, 1951 in Großoldendorf. Meta Janssen-Kucz , member of the Lower Saxony Green State Parliament , was born on August 11, 1961 in Klein-Remels.

Associated with Uplengen

A number of well-known personalities were at least temporarily settled in Uplengen. This includes the later SPD member of the Reichstag and Nazi opponent Hermann Tempel (born November 29, 1889 in Ditzum ; † November 27, 1944 in Oldenburg ), who worked as a teacher in Poghausen, Remels and Stapel after retiring from military service from 1916 . The artists Otto Pankok (born June 6, 1893 in Mülheim an der Ruhr , † October 20, 1966 in Wesel ), Gert Heinrich Wollheim (born September 11, 1894 in Loschwitz near Dresden , † April 22, 1974 in New York ) and Hermann Hundt (born March 18, 1894 in Mülheim an der Ruhr; † January 31, 1974 in Plettenberg ) tried briefly in 1919 to establish an artist colony in Remels, but abandoned this attempt and moved to Düsseldorf . The athlete Manfred Kinder (born April 20, 1938 in Königsberg) grew up in the Spols district after being expelled from there. The organ builder Martin ter Haseborg (born November 26, 1965) is an entrepreneur in the Jübberde industrial park. Ulf Thiele was born on April 8, 1971 in Leer, grew up in Remels and has been a member of the state parliament since 2003.

literature

Friedchen Eihusen: Uplengen. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2007, ISBN 978-3-86680-113-4 .
Christian Meyer: Historical family book of the parishes Firrel, Hollen, Ockenhausen and Uplengen (Remels) . 17 vols. C. Meyer, Wittmund 2000-2004.

In addition, the following works, which deal with East Friesland in general, are also significant for the Uplengen community history and description insofar as they illuminate individual aspects:

Karl-Ernst Behre : Landscape history of northern Germany. Environment and settlement from the Stone Age to the present. ; Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2008, ISBN 3-5290-2499-6 .
Karl-Ernst Behre; Hajo van Lengen (Ed.): Ostfriesland. History and shape of a cultural landscape. Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Aurich 1995, ISBN 3-925365-85-0 .
Wolfgang Brünink: The Count of Mansfeld in East Friesland (1622-1624). (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 34), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1957, without ISBN.
Walter Deeters : East Frisia in the Thirty Years War. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies Ostfriesland , Vol. 78 (1998), pp. 32–44.
Hans Bernhard Eden: The residents' defenses of Ostfriesland from 1919 to 1921. In: Emder yearbook for historical regional studies of Ostfriesland , vol. 65 (1985), pp. 81-134.
Beatrix Herlemann : The East Frisian Agriculture in National Socialism. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies Ostfriesland , Vol. 81 (2001), pp. 205–216.
Theodor Janssen: Hydrology of East Frisia. Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1967, without ISBN.
Karl Heinrich Kaufhold ; Uwe Wallbaum (Ed.): Historical statistics of the Prussian province of East Frisia. ( Sources on the history of East Frisia , Vol. 16), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-08-8 .
Gottfried Kiesow : Architecture Guide East Friesland. German Foundation for Monument Protection , Bonn 2009, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3 .
Eckart Krömer : Small economic history of East Frisia and Papenburg . Verlag SKN, Norden 1991, ISBN 3-922365-93-0 .
Inge Lüpke-Müller: A region in political upheaval. The democratization process in East Frisia after the Second World War. (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 77), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-11-8 .
Eberhard Rack: A little regional study of East Frisia. , Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1998, ISBN 3-89598-534-1 .
Heinrich Schmidt : Political history of East Frisia. ( Ostfriesland in the protection of the dike , Vol. 5), Verlag Rautenberg, Leer 1975, without ISBN.
Herbert Reyer : East Frisia in the Third Reich. The beginnings of the National Socialist tyranny in the Aurich administrative region 1933–1938 . Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Aurich 1992, ISBN 3-932206-14-2 .
Herbert Reyer (Ed.): Ostfriesland between republic and dictatorship (treatises and lectures on the history of Ostfriesland, volume 76), Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-10-X .
Theodor Schmidt: Analysis of the statistics and relevant sources on the federal elections in East Frisia 1949-1972. Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1978, without ISBN.
Wolfgang Schwarz: The prehistory in East Frisia. , Verlag Schuster, Leer 1995, ISBN 3-7963-0323-4 .
Karl-Heinz Sindowski et al .: Geology, Soils and Settlement of East Friesland (East Friesland in the protection of the dike, vol. 1), Deichacht Krummhörn (ed.), Verlag Deichacht Krummhörn, Pewsum 1969, without ISBN.
Menno Smid: East Frisian Church History. ( Ostfriesland in the protection of the dyke , vol. 6), Verlag Deichacht Krummhörn, Pewsum 1974 without ISBN.
Harald Vogel ; Reinhard Ruge; Robert Noah; Martin Stromann (photos): Organ landscape Ostfriesland. Soltau-Kurier-Norden, Norden 1995, ISBN 3-928327-19-4 .
Harm Wiemann / Johannes Engelmann: Old ways and streets in East Frisia. ( Ostfriesland in the protection of the dyke , vol. 8), Verlag Deichacht Krummhörn, Pewsum 1974, without ISBN.
Anna Sophie Inden (text) | Martin Stromann (photos): 19 villages, lots of bog and a mountain . In: Ostfriesland Magazin 3/2018, SKN Druck und Verlag, Norden 2018, p. 66 ff.

Web links

Commons : Uplengen - collection of images

Website of the municipality of Uplengen
Citizens' information brochure Uplengen-Info 2012 (PDF file, 2.7 MB)

Individual evidence

↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).

↑ Municipality of Uplengen. Retrieved February 5, 2019 .

↑ Landkreis-leer.de: Regional spatial planning program of the district of Leer 2006 , PDF file, p. 13 according to the original pagination, accessed on January 21, 2012.

^ Eberhard Rack: Kleine Landeskunde Ostfriesland , Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1998, ISBN 3-89598-534-1 , p. 24.

^ Ostfriesenelandschaft.de: Find in Remels 2007 , accessed on January 31, 2012.

↑ Günter Roeschmann: Die Boden Ostfriesland , in: Karl-Heinz Sindowski et al .: Geology, soils and settlement of Ostfriesland (Ostfriesland in the protection of the dyke, volume 1), Deichacht Krummhörn (ed.), Self-published, Pewsum 1969, without ISBN, Pp. 51–106, here p. 96 as well as cartographic supplement.

↑ Thomas Huntke: Vegetation-ecological studies on the development of the Lengener Meer nature reserve (Leer district) - a case study on the efficiency of nature conservation in raised bogs , dissertation, University of Oldenburg, 2008 ( online ), pages 11 ff. (PDF file; 40.3 MB) .

↑ Citizen information brochure Uplengen-Info 2012 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 7 (PDF file, 2.7 MB), accessed on February 11, 2016. As these are communal surveys, the number differs slightly from the official number from the State Statistical Office.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.uplengen.de

↑ Source: State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony , as of August 9, 2011.

^ Eberhard Rack: Small regional studies of Ostfriesland . Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1998, ISBN 3-89598-534-1 , p. 115

↑ Updated world climate map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification , viewed on December 28, 2011.

↑ holidaycheck.de: Climate and Weather for Leer , viewed on December 28, 2011.

^ Eberhard Rack: Kleine Landeskunde Ostfriesland , Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1998, p. 35ff.

↑ Thomas Huntke: Vegetation-ecological studies on the development of the Lengener Meer nature reserve (Leer district) - a case study on the efficiency of nature conservation in raised bogs , dissertation, University of Oldenburg, 2008, PDF file, 330 pages , pages 7/8.

^ Precipitation data according to the formerly free German Weather Service, normal period 1961–1990

↑ Temperature information , hours of sunshine and rainy days according to holidaycheck.de: Climate and Weather for Leer , viewed on January 28, 2012.

↑ The information can be found on an interactive map at www.meine-umweltkarte-niedersachsen.de ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. be considered. @1@ 2

^ Ostfriesenelandschaft.de: Find in Holtland 2008 , accessed on January 3, 2012.

↑ Paul Weßels : Hesel - desert area, arid wilderness and lean heather plants - The way of a farming village into the modern age (Ed .: Hesel municipality), Verlag Risius, Weener 1998, ISBN 3-88761-065-2 , p. 26.

^ Ostfriesenelandschaft.de: Find in Remels 2006 , accessed on January 31, 2012.

^ Ostfriesenelandschaft.de: Find in Poghausen 2001 , accessed on January 31, 2012.

^ Harm Wiemann, Johannes Engelmann: Old ways and roads in East Frisia. (Ostfriesland in the protection of the dyke, volume 8), Deichacht Krummhörn (ed.), Self-published, Pewsum 1974, without ISBN, p. 96 ff.

↑ Thomas Huntke: Vegetation-ecological studies on the development of the Lengener Meer nature reserve (Leer district) - a case study on the efficiency of nature conservation in raised bogs , dissertation, University of Oldenburg, 2008, PDF file, 330 pages , pages 24/25.

↑ Wolfgang Schwarz: Die Urgeschichte in Ostfriesland , Verlag Schuster, Leer 1995, ISBN 3-7963-0323-4 , p. 191.

↑ Ostfriesenelandschaft.de: Find in Hollen 2002 , accessed on January 31, 2012.

↑ Wolfgang Schwarz: Die Urgeschichte in Ostfriesland , Verlag Schuster, Leer 1995, ISBN 3-7963-0323-4 , p. 66.

↑ Wolfgang Schwarz: Die Urgeschichte in Ostfriesland , Verlag Schuster, Leer 1995, ISBN 3-7963-0323-4 , p. 111.

^ Wolfgang Schwarz: Die Urgeschichte in Ostfriesland , Verlag Schuster, Leer 1995, ISBN 3-7963-0323-4 , pp. 144 f.

^ Ostfriesenelandschaft.de: Find in Großoldendorf 2002 , accessed on January 31, 2012.

^ Ostfriesenelandschaft.de: Find in Remels 2007 , accessed on January 31, 2012.

↑ Waldemar Reinhardt: The local and land forms of Ostfriesland in their settlement history development , in: Karl-Heinz Sindowski et al .: Geology, Soils and Settlement of Ostfriesland (Ostfriesland in the protection of the dyke, Volume 1), Deichacht Krummhörn (ed.), Self-published , Pewsum 1969, without ISBN, pp. 203–378, here p. 226ff.

↑ Thomas Huntke: Vegetation-ecological studies on the development of the Lengener Meer nature reserve (Leer district) - a case study on the efficiency of nature conservation in raised bogs , dissertation, University of Oldenburg, 2008, PDF file, 330 pages , page 26.

^ Gustav Nesemann (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Großsander , PDF file, p. 2.

^ Harm Wiemann: Material for the history of the East Frisian landscape (treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 58), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1982, without ISBN, p. 167.

^ Walter Deeters: Ostfriesland in the Thirty Years War , in: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies Ostfrieslands , Vol. 78 (1998), pp. 32–44, here: p. 39.

↑ The East Frisian historian Tileman Dothias Wiarda had already pointed this out in Volume 5 of his "Ostfriesische Geschichte" (Aurich 1795): "Since, however, as a result of the many years of billeting, these contributions were almost completely consumed again in the province, and the money always remained in circulation, in this way the riddle can be solved to some extent. ”Quoted in: Walter Deeters: Ostfriesland im Thirty Years War , in: Emder Jahrbuch für Historische Landeskunde Ostfrieslands , Vol. 78 (1998), pp. 32–44, here: p. 43.

^ Walter Deeters: Ostfriesland in the Thirty Years War , in: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies Ostfrieslands , Vol. 78 (1998), pp. 32–44, here: p. 38.

^ Karl Heinrich Kaufhold; Uwe Wallbaum (Ed.): Historical statistics of the Prussian province of East Friesland (sources on the history of East Friesland, Volume 16), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-08-8 , p. 384.

^ Gustav Nesemann (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Großsander , PDF file, p. 2.

↑ Arend Remmers ( From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren. The settlement names between Dollart and Jade. Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 , p. 257) points to the difference between Fehn as terminus technicus for a Fehnkanal moor settlement and the older, Low German name Fehn as a moorland in which peat is dug. The literature sometimes also speaks of “real fen settlements” with a fen canal or “fake” without a fen canal.

^ Karl Heinrich Kaufhold; Uwe Wallbaum (Ed.): Historical statistics of the Prussian province of East Friesland (sources on the history of East Friesland, Volume 16), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1998, ISBN 3-932206-08-8 , p. 40f.

↑ Helmut Sanders: Wiesmoor - His cultivation and settlement from the peripheral communities . Verlag Mettcker & Söhne, Jever 1990, ISBN 3-87542-006-3 , p. 22 ff.

^ Karl-Heinz Frees: Wiesmoor - The long way from the moor to the flower city . Rautenberg-Verlag, Leer 2006, without ISBN, p. 99.

↑ Hans Bernhard Eden: The Resident Services of Ostfriesland from 1919 to 1921. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Country Studies of Ostfriesland , Vol. 65 (1985), pp. 81-134, here pp. 94, 98, 106, 114.

↑ Beatrix Herlemann : The East Frisian Agriculture in National Socialism. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies Ostfriesland , Vol. 81 (2001), pp. 205–216, here: pp. 205f.

↑ Beatrix Herlemann : The East Frisian Agriculture in National Socialism. In: Emder Yearbook for Historical Regional Studies Ostfriesland , Vol. 81 (2001), pp. 205–216, here: pp. 209f.

^ Gustav Nesemann (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Großsander , PDF file, p. 2.

↑ The following examples may be given: Linda Hinrichs (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Poghausen , PDF file, p. 1. Linda Hinrichs (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Spols , PDF file, p. 1. Grete Brahms (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Bühren , PDF file, p. 1.

↑ Bernhard Parisius : Many looked for their own home. Refugees and displaced persons in western Lower Saxony (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Frisia, Volume 79), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 2004, ISBN 3-932206-42-8 , p. 47.

^ Bernhard Parisius: Many sought their own home. Refugees and displaced persons in western Lower Saxony (Treatises and lectures on the history of East Friesland, Volume 79), Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 2004, ISBN 3-932206-42-8 , p. 78/79 .

^ District Aurich (ed.): Activity report of the district Aurich 1948–1952. Verlag Dunkmann, Aurich 1952, reprint of the district administration of the district of Aurich, 2006, p. 16.

^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 262 and 263 .

^ Arend Remmers: From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren. The settlement names between Dollart and Jade. Verlag Schuster, Leer 2004, ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 , p. 225.

↑ Baptists have opened their new church , Ostfriesen-Zeitung, September 20, 2011, accessed on January 29, 2012.

↑ Citizen information brochure Uplengen-Info 2010 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 7 (PDF file, 2.42 MB), accessed January 30, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.uplengen.de

^ Theodor Schmidt: Analysis of the statistics and relevant sources on the federal elections in East Friesland 1949-1972 . Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1978, p. 54, for the following statistical information on the Bundestag elections up to 1972 see the cartographic appendix there.

^ Ostfriesen-Zeitung, September 19, 2005, p. 9.

↑ Klaus von Beyme : The political system of the Federal Republic of Germany: An introduction , VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-531-33426-3 , p. 100, limited preview in the Google book search, May 22, 2011.

^ Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Law (NKomVG) in the version of December 17, 2010; Section 46 - Number of MPs , accessed on December 27, 2016

↑ ^a ^b www.uplengen.de: Local elections 2016 , accessed on December 27, 2016

↑ The CDU gets the most votes nationwide. September 12, 2016, accessed December 27, 2016 .

^ District administration Leer: State election 2017 constituency 83 first votes

↑ Results of the 2017 Bundestag election in the constituency, broken down by cities and municipalities

^ Nordwest-Zeitung: Bundestag election: These members represent our region . In: NWZonline . ( nwzonline.de [accessed September 29, 2017]).

↑ Budget 2011: No criticism of the figures , Ostfriesen-Zeitung, March 26, 2011, accessed on January 30, 2012.

↑ Main statutes of the municipality of Uplengen. § 1 Name, coat of arms, flag, seal. Uplengen municipality, November 1, 2012, accessed on August 21, 2017 .

↑ Information from the Heraldry of the World page ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. The information there comes from a link to the homepage of the municipality of Uplengen, which no longer exists, and was accessed on January 30, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ngw.nl

↑ Municipality of Uplengen: Events 2013 (PDF; 1.6 MB), p. 22 ( Bad weather tips in the vicinity ), viewed on January 6, 2013.

↑ St. Martins parish Uplengen Remels: The St. Martinskirche in Remels , seen February 4, 2012.

↑ Gottfried Kiesow : Architectural Guide Ostfriesland . Verlag Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz , Bonn 2010, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3 , p. 193 f .

↑ Organ in Remels on NOMINE eV , seen February 4, 2012.

↑ Michael Till Heinze: Church History , accessed on February 4, 2012.

^ Ockenhausen parish: Ockenhausen , accessed on February 4, 2012.

^ Homepage of the parish of Ockenhausen , as seen on February 4, 2012.

↑ Grete Brahms (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Bühren , PDF file, p. 2.

↑ Linda Hinrichs (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Spols , PDF file, p. 2.

^ Gustav Nesemann (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Großsander , PDF file, p. 4.

↑ Federal competition "Our village should become more beautiful - Our village has a future" - list of winners 1961 to 2007 (PDF; 59 kB)

↑ Hundreds of people celebrated at the Seefest in spite of the rain , Ostfriesen-Zeitung, August 9, 2011, accessed on January 29, 2012.

↑ Citizen information brochure Uplengen-Info 2010 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 7 (PDF file, 2.42 MB), accessed January 30, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.uplengen.de

^ Ostfriesen-Zeitung, November 5, 2008, p. 21

↑ Citizen information brochure Uplengen-Info 2010 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 31 and 33 (PDF file, 2.42 MB), accessed January 30, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.uplengen.de

↑ Universalstein.com: About Us , accessed January 31, 2012.

↑ Labor market report, Employment Agency Emden-Leer, December 2015 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 37 (PDF file; 1.38 MB).@1@ 2

^ Statistics from the Federal Employment Agency, Excel file, line 2219

↑ Information from the Uplengen location profile of the Lower Saxony municipal location information system , accessed on January 31, 2012.

^ Description of the Ostfriesland district office of the Lower Saxony Chamber of Agriculture , accessed on April 30, 2011.

↑ Leer ranks eighth with 384,000 tons (survey year: 2006). For comparison: the three highest values were determined in the district of Cuxhaven (564,000 tons), in the district of Unterallgäu (451,000 tons) and in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg (448,000 tons). Source: Lower Saxony State Office for Statistics, quoted in: Ostfriesischer Kurier, August 14, 2008, p. 12.

↑ Falling butter price causes a lot of unrest , Ostfriesen-Zeitung, February 5, 2010, accessed on January 4, 2012.

^ The sperm store in the nitrogen jug , Ostfriesen-Zeitung, October 28, 2011, accessed on January 29, 2012.

↑ No end in sight with the biogas boom. In: Ostfriesen-Zeitung. November 25, 2010, accessed January 31, 2012.

↑ Where pigs still hang on the ladder , Ostfriesen-Zeitung, December 29, 2010, accessed on February 1, 2012.

↑ Data mirror of the district of Leer , PDF file, p. 2, accessed on January 1, 2012.

↑ New: Longest bicycle route in East Frisia presented , Ostfriesen-Zeitung, May 27, 2011, accessed on December 29, 2011.

↑ www.fehnroute: de Uplengen ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 31, 2011.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.fehnroute.de

↑ Niedersächsische-mühlenstrasse.de: Landkreis Leer , accessed on January 29, 2012.

↑ Overview at www.touristik-uplengen.de , see various menu items in the menu bar above (direct linking not possible).

↑ Gustav Nesemann (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Großsander , PDF file, p. 3.

↑ Citizen information brochure Uplengen-Info 2010 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 6 (PDF file, 2.42 MB), accessed January 30, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.uplengen.de

↑ Der-deutsche-fahrradpreis.de: Deutscher Fahrradpreis 2005 , accessed on January 30, 2012.

↑ Joachim Tautz: Steerner Chronik - The history of the East Frisian municipality Schwerinsdorf (Ed .: Municipality Schwerinsdorf), Verlag Risius, Weener 2002, ISBN 3-88761-075-X , pp. 59-62.

↑ Polizei.niedersachsen.de: Uplengen police station ( Memento of the original from March 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 29, 2012. @1@ 2

^ New vehicle for the Jübberde fire brigade , Ostfriesen-Zeitung, April 1, 2011, accessed on January 30, 2012.

↑ http://www.tierheim-juebberde.de/das-tierheim/ueber-das-tierheim/ About the animal shelter , accessed on February 2, 2012.

↑ Citizen information brochure Uplengen-Info 2010 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 7 (PDF file, 2.42 MB), accessed January 30, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.uplengen.de

↑ Uplengen.de: Kindergartens ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 29, 2012. @1@ 2

↑ Grete Brahms (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Bühren , PDF file, p. 3.

↑ Janssen-kucz.de: About the person ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 1, 2012.@1@ 2

↑ Linda Hinrichs (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Poghausen , PDF file, p. 2.

↑ Pankok-museum.de: Pankok and Wollheim , accessed on 1 February 2012 found.

↑ Linda Hinrichs (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Spols , PDF file, p. 2.

↑ Ulf-thiele.de: Private , accessed on February 1, 2012.

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on January 15, 2013 in this version .

[Metadaten_Einwohnerzahl_DE-NI-1] State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).

[2] Municipality of Uplengen. Retrieved February 5, 2019 .

[3] Landkreis-leer.de: Regional spatial planning program of the district of Leer 2006 , PDF file, p. 13 according to the original pagination, accessed on January 21, 2012.

[4] Eberhard Rack: Kleine Landeskunde Ostfriesland , Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1998, ISBN 3-89598-534-1 , p. 24.

[5] Ostfriesenelandschaft.de: Find in Remels 2007 , accessed on January 31, 2012.

[6] Günter Roeschmann: Die Boden Ostfriesland , in: Karl-Heinz Sindowski et al .: Geology, soils and settlement of Ostfriesland (Ostfriesland in the protection of the dyke, volume 1), Deichacht Krummhörn (ed.), Self-published, Pewsum 1969, without ISBN, Pp. 51–106, here p. 96 as well as cartographic supplement.

[7] Thomas Huntke: Vegetation-ecological studies on the development of the Lengener Meer nature reserve (Leer district) - a case study on the efficiency of nature conservation in raised bogs , dissertation, University of Oldenburg, 2008 ( online ), pages 11 ff. (PDF file; 40.3 MB) .