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{{more citations needed|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox UK Bus
{{Infobox UK Bus
| background =
| background =
| name = Volvo B10L
| name = Volvo B10L
| image = StagecoachMerseysideVolvoB10L 2.jpg
| image = StagecoachMerseysideVolvoB10L 2.jpg
⚫
| caption = A [[Wright Liberator]]-bodied Volvo B10L.
| imagesize = 270px
⚫
| caption = A [[Wrightbus|Wright]] Liberator-bodied Volvo B10L.
| manufacturer = [[Volvo Buses|Volvo]]
| manufacturer = [[Volvo Buses|Volvo]]
| production = 1993–2005
| class = Bus [[chassis]]
| factory =
| factory =
| replaced =
| replaced =
| capacity =
| capacity =
| operator = [[First Glasgow]] and others
| operator = [[First Glasgow]] and others
| length =
| length = {{convert|12.0|to|18.0|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| width =
| width = {{convert|2.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height =
| height = {{convert|3.0|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| floortype = low-floor
| floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]]
| doors = 1 to 3 doors
| doors = 1, 2 or 3 doors
| weight =
| weight =
| chassis =
| chassis =
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| powerout =
| powerout =
| transmission =
| transmission =
| options = Various customer options
}}
}}


The '''Volvo B10L''' is a rear-engined, [[low-floor]] single-deck city bus chassis built by [[Volvo Buses|Volvo]] between c. 1993 and c. 2005. An articulated version of the B10L, known as the '''B10LA''', was also produced.
The '''Volvo B10L''' was a rear-engined, [[low-floor]] [[single-decker bus|single-decker]] [[public bus]] [[chassis]] built by [[Volvo Buses|Volvo]] between c. 1993 and c. 2005. An [[articulated bus|articulated]] version of the B10L, known as the '''B10LA''', was also produced.


==United Kingdom==
==United Kingdom==
[[File:Travel West Midlands 1509.jpg|thumb|CNG-powered B10L of Travel West Midlands. Note this bus is now converted to run of diesel and is a driver-trainer.]]
[[File:Travel West Midlands 1509.jpg|thumb|CNG-powered B10L of [[National Express West Midlands|Travel West Midlands]].]]
[[File:Alexander Ultra Volvo B10L 1.jpg|thumb|Diesel-engined B10L with Alexander Ultra bodywork in the Ulsterbus fleet]]
[[File:Alexander Ultra Volvo B10L 1.jpg|thumb|Diesel-engined B10L with [[Alexander Ultra]] bodywork in the [[Ulsterbus]] fleet]]


The B10L was available in the United Kingdom and Ireland between 1994 and 1999, with a choice of two types of bodywork, the [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]] (Belfast) Ultra and the [[Wright Liberator]]. The Alexander Ultra body was based on the Swedish design produced by Säffle (a subsidiary of Volvo), who built the body on the first B10L imported to Britain. The [[Wrightbus|Wright]] bodywork proved slightly more popular.
The B10L was available in the United Kingdom and Ireland between 1994 and 1999, with a choice of two types of bodywork, the [[Alexander Ultra]] and the [[Wright Liberator]]. The Alexander Ultra body was marketed by Volvo and based on a design produced by Volvo subsidiary Säffle, who built the body on the first B10L imported to the United Kingdom.<ref name="Jones Ultras">{{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Stuart |date=1 July 1994 |issue=262 |pages=5–7 |title=Alexander Ultra |magazine=Bus & Coach Buyer |location=Spalding |publisher=Glen-Holland Limited}}</ref> The bodywork by [[Wrightbus]] proved slightly more popular.{{according to whom|date=January 2022}}


In the UK, the articulated B10LA was bodied exclusively by Wrights for [[FirstGroup plc|First]] subsidiaries in Manchester (15), Leeds (15) and Glasgow (10). The Wright body for the B10LA is named [[Wright Fusion|Fusion]].
In the United Kingdom, the articulated B10LA was bodied exclusively by Wrightbus for [[FirstGroup]] subsidiaries in [[First Greater Manchester|Manchester]] (15), [[First Leeds|Leeds]] (15) and [[First Glasgow|Glasgow]] (10).{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} The Wright body for the B10LA is named [[Wright Fusion|Fusion]].


The B10L enjoyed limited success in Britain. In 1997 the [[Volvo B10BLE]] was introduced to the British market, and this chassis rapidly became more popular. The B10BLE was cheaper than the B10L, and shared more in common with the step-entrance [[Volvo B10B|B10B]], examples of which were already owned by many of its customers.
The B10L enjoyed limited success in Britain. In 1997 the [[Volvo B10BLE]] was introduced to the British market, and this chassis rapidly became more popular. The B10BLE was cheaper than the B10L, and shared more in common with the [[High-floor|step-entrance]] [[Volvo B10B|B10B]], examples of which were already owned by many of its customers.


===Customers===
===Customers===
The largest operators of Volvo B10L buses in the United Kingdom were [[National Express West Midlands|Travel West Midlands]] and [[Xplore Dundee|Travel Dundee]], who ordered over 100 conventional diesel-powered chassis with [[Wright Liberator]] bodywork in 1996.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=26 January 1996 |issue=342 |page=24 |title=West Midlands B10Bs enter service |magazine=Bus & Coach Buyer |location=Spalding |publisher=Glen-Holland Limited|quote=The [Wright Endurance] order originally called for 150 B10Bs but WMT has since opted to take 100 full low floor B10Ls with the new Wright Liberator body which is currently being developed.}}</ref> Travel West Midlands also ordedered 14 [[Compressed natural gas|CNG]]-powered buses with [[Alexander Ultra]] bodies in 1997;<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=14 March 1997 |issue=400 |page=11 |title=Travel Dundee launches easy access routes |magazine=Bus & Coach Buyer |location=Spalding |publisher=Glen-Holland Limited}}</ref><ref name="CNG Ultras">{{cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Stuart |date=<!--Not recorded--> July 1997 |issue=<!--Not recorded--> |pages=19–22 |title=Travel West Midlands goes gas powered |magazine=Bus & Coach Buyer |location=Spalding |publisher=Glen-Holland Limited}}</ref> the CNG Ultras were later converted to run on conventional diesel.
*The largest fleet of Volvo B10L buses in the UK was purchased by [[Travel West Midlands]] (now [[National Express West Midlands]]), consisting of 80 conventional diesel-powered chassis with Wright Liberator bodywork, and 14 [[Compressed natural gas|CNG]]-powered buses with Alexander Ultra bodies. The Alexander Ultra models are now converted to run on conventional diesel, with seven having been transferred to the training fleet before being returned to normal passenger use to replace Volvo B10Bs withdrawn from the fleet.


*The second largest fleet was purchased by [[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]], whose [[Metro (Belfast)|Citybus (later Metro)]] and [[Ulsterbus]] divisions acquired sixty new, plus a further two ex-demonstrators. All have Alexander Ultra bodies. There have been a small number of withdrawals but most remain largely intact as of January 2007, operating services in the Belfast and Derry areas. The B10Ls with Alexander Ultra bodies have proved unpopular with the drivers and the engineering due to poor electrics.
The second largest operator of B10Ls [[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]], who purchased sixty B10Ls with Alexander Ultra bodies in 1995. Fifty of these were allocated to [[Metro (Belfast)|Citybus]], while ten were allocated to [[Ulsterbus]] services in [[Derry]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Morgan |first=Mike |date=17 June 1995 |issue=172 |page=6 |title=Alexander looks Ultra successful |magazine=[[Coach & Bus Week]] |location=Peterborough |publisher=Emap}}</ref> Two ex-demonstrator Ultras were also acquired.


The [[FirstGroup]] were a notable operator of the Volvo B10L. [[First Glasgow]] ordered ten B10Ls with Wright Liberator bodywork,{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} while five similar B10Ls were ordered by GM Buses North in 1995 for operation on Superbus routes between [[Wigan]] and [[Leigh, Greater Manchester|Leigh]]. These were delivered in 1996, by which time GM Buses North had become [[First Greater Manchester]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Morgan |first=Mike |date=21 October 1995 |issue=190 |page=10 |title=GM Buses North B10L liberated |magazine=Coach & Bus Week |location=Peterborough |publisher=Emap}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Barton |first=Mark |date=15 June 1996 |issue=222 |page=13 |title=Liberator: less weight more seats |magazine=Coach & Bus Week |location=Peterborough |publisher=Emap}}</ref> [[First Northampton]], meanwhile, ordered nine B10Ls with Alexander Ultra bodies. Six of these were [[Compressed natural gas|CNG]]-fuelled, while the remaining three were powered by conventional diesel.<ref name="CNG Ultras" /><ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=24 February 1995 |issue=295 |pages=19–22 |title=The development of a lowfloor bus - Volvo B10L |magazine=Bus & Coach Buyer |location=Spalding |publisher=Glen-Holland Limited}}</ref>
*[[Travel Dundee]], formerly Tayside Public Transport, now known as [[National Express Dundee]], received 30 Wright-bodied examples which began to enter service in February 1997.


Other customers included [[Glenvale Transport|CMT Buses]], who purchased 10 Wrights,{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} and Timeline of Wigan, who purchased 6 Ultras with grant funding from [[Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive|Greater Manchester PTE]].<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 November 1995 |issue= |page=27 |title= Bullocks gets first five Manchester grant-aided low-floors |magazine=Coach & Bus Week |location=Peterborough |publisher=Emap}}</ref> Four Alexander Ultra-bodied B10L demonstrators were produced, with the first Ultra-bodied B10L produced being delivered to [[Mainline Buses]] in 1994. Mainline did not order any further examples and quickly disposed of the demonstrator.
Other UK operators who purchased B10Ls include:

*CMT Buses of Aintree, Liverpool (later part of [[Stagecoach Merseyside]]) - 10 Wrights
*First Greater Manchester North (Superbus branded routes, Wigan) - 5 Wrights
*First Glasgow - 10 Wrights
*First Northampton - 9 Ultras (of which 6 CNG-fuelled)
*Timeline, Wigan - 6 Ultras
*Spot On, Blackburn/Accrington 15 Wrights

The pioneer Säffle-bodied B10L was new to Mainline (now [[First South Yorkshire]]) but they did not order any further examples and quickly disposed of it. As of November 2006 it was being used around Lincoln by [[Stagecoach in Lincolnshire|Stagecoach subsidiary RoadCar]]. Ironically, the 15 Wright-bodied examples in the FirstGroup are all due to be transferred to First South Yorkshire.


==Ireland==
==Ireland==
Eleven Wright-bodied B10Ls are operated by [[Bus Éireann]] in [[Cork (city)|Cork]], and sister [[CIÉ]] company [[Dublin Bus]] purchased five Alexander-bodied B10Ls for use in Dublin. A sixth, experimental LPG-powered, vehicle was leased and later returned.
Eleven [[Wright Liberator]]-bodied B10Ls are operated by [[Bus Éireann]] in [[Cork (city)|Cork]], and sister [[CIÉ]] company [[Dublin Bus]] purchased five [[Alexander Ultra]]-bodied B10Ls for use in [[Dublin]].{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} A sixth, experimental LPG-powered, Ultra was leased and later returned.<ref name="CNG Ultras" />


==Finland==
==Finland==
Helsingin Bussiliikenne purchased 41 Volvo B10L buses with {{interlanguage link|Carrus City U|fi}} bodies between 1995 and 1999; 21 of these are gas-powered.<ref>{{cite web |author =Arttu Kuukankorpi |title=Pääkaupunkiseudun bussikuvasto |url=http://www.kuukankorpi.com/paikallisliikenne/helb.html' |language=fi |date=2009-08-31 |access-date=2009-09-06}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pohjolan Liikenne bought four Volvo B10L buses with {{interlanguage link|Lahden Autokori|fi}} 402 bodies in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |author=Arttu Kuukankorpi |title=Pääkaupunkiseudun bussikuvasto |url=http://www.kuukankorpi.com/paikallisliikenne/pl824-827.html |language=fi |date=2008-06-03 | access-date=2009-09-06}}</ref>
[[Helsingin Bussiliikenne]] has 41 Volvo B10L buses with [[Carrus (bus body)|Carrus]] City U bodies purchased between 1995 and 1999. 21 of these are gas-powered.<ref>{{cite web
| author = Arttu Kuukankorpi
| title = Pääkaupunkiseudun bussikuvasto
| url =http://www.kuukankorpi.com/paikallisliikenne/helb.html'
|language=Finnish
| date =2009-08-31
| accessdate =6.9.2009
}}</ref>
[[Pohjolan Liikenne]] has bought four Volvo B10L buses with [[Lahden Autokori|Lahti]] 402 bodies in 1999.<ref>{{cite web
| author = Arttu Kuukankorpi
| title = Pääkaupunkiseudun bussikuvasto
| url =http://www.kuukankorpi.com/paikallisliikenne/pl824-827.html
|language=Finnish
| date =3.6.2008
| accessdate =6.9.2009
}}</ref>


[[Tampereen kaupunkiliikenne]] has eight articulated Volvo B10LA buses with Carrus City U bodies bought between 1996–1998 and in 2008.
Tampereen kaupunkiliikenne purchased eight articulated Volvo B10LA buses with Carrus City U bodies between 1996–1998 and in 2008.
<ref>{{cite web |author = Kari Paavola |title=Tampereen seudun bussisivut > Kalustolista > Volvo |url=http://www.kuukankorpi.com/paikallisliikenne/pl824-827.html |language=fi |access-date =2009-09-06}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web
| author = Kari Paavola
| title = Tampereen seudun bussisivut > Kalustolista > Volvo
| url =http://www.kuukankorpi.com/paikallisliikenne/pl824-827.html
|language=Finnish
| accessdate =6.9.2009
}}</ref>
[[File:Jyväskylän Liikenne Volvo B10L.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Jyväskylän Liikenne B10L]]
[[File:Jyväskylän Liikenne Volvo B10L.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Jyväskylän Liikenne B10L]]
Jyväskylän Liikenne purchased 29 Volvo B10L buses with Carrus City U bodies built between 1997 and 1998. Some of these buses were bought from Kuopion Liikenne.<ref>{{cite web|author=Antti Moilanen |title= Koiviston Auto-yhtymä; Jyväskylän Liikenne kalustoluettelo |url=http://kotisivu.dnainternet.net/anttimoilanen/pbl/jyvaskyla.htm |language=fi |date=2009-08-28 |access-date=2009-09-06}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Koiviston Auto has five Volvo B10L buses with Carrus City U bodies bought in 1997 and 1998.<ref>{{cite web |author=Antti Moilanen |title=Koiviston Auto-yhtymä; Koiviston Auto / Lahden Liikenne kalustoluettelo |url=http://kotisivu.dnainternet.net/anttimoilanen/pbl/koivisto.htm |language=fi|date=2009-09-02 |access-date=2009-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429090159/http://kotisivu.dnainternet.net/anttimoilanen/pbl/koivisto.htm |archive-date =2009-04-29|url-status= dead}}</ref>
[[Jyväskylän Liikenne]] has 29 Volvo B10L buses with Carrus City U bodies built between 1997 and 1998. Part of these buses have been bought from [[Kuopion Liikenne]].

<ref>{{cite web
== Australia ==
| author = Antti Moilanen
[[Transport for Brisbane]] purchased 54 Volvo B10L buses with Austral-Pacific Orana body<ref>{{Cite web |title=enthusiasts guide to Brisbane Transport |url=http://www.brisbanetransport.info/?GoTo=searchfleet&find=Volvo%20B10L%20%5BAustral-Pacific%5D&searching=yes |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=www.brisbanetransport.info}}</ref> as well as six with Volgren CR222L body,<ref>{{Cite web |title=enthusiasts guide to Brisbane Transport |url=http://www.brisbanetransport.info/?GoTo=searchfleet&find=Volvo%20B10L%20%5BVolgren%5D&searching=yes |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=www.brisbanetransport.info}}</ref> all were withdrawn between 2012 and 2015.
| title =Koiviston Auto-yhtymä; Jyväskylän Liikenne kalustoluettelo
| url =http://kotisivu.dnainternet.net/anttimoilanen/pbl/jyvaskyla.htm
|language=Finnish
| date =2009-08-28
| accessdate =6.9.2009
}}</ref> [[Koiviston Auto]] has five Volvo B10L buses with Carrus City U bodies bought in 1997 and 1998.
<ref>{{cite web
| author = Antti Moilanen
| title =
Koiviston Auto-yhtymä; Koiviston Auto / Lahden Liikenne kalustoluettelo
|url =http://kotisivu.dnainternet.net/anttimoilanen/pbl/koivisto.htm
|language=Finnish
| date =2.9.2009
| accessdate =6.9.2009
}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 107: Line 64:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<references/>
{{Commons category|Volvo B10L}}
{{Commons category|Volvo B10L}}
{{Volvo Buses}}
{{Volvo Buses}}
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[[Category:Volvo buses|B10L]]
[[Category:Volvo buses|B10L]]
[[Category:Low-floor buses]]
[[Category:Low-floor buses]]
[[Category:Single-deck buses]]
[[Category:Articulated buses]]
[[Category:Bus chassis]]
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1993]]

Revision as of 12:34, 7 June 2023

Volvo B10L
A Wright Liberator-bodied Volvo B10L.
Overview
ManufacturerVolvo
Production1993–2005
Body and chassis
ClassBus chassis
Doors1, 2 or 3 doors
Floor typeLow floor
Dimensions
Length12.0 to 18.0 m (39 ft 4 in to 59 ft 1 in)
Width2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
Height3.0 m (9 ft 10 in)

The Volvo B10L was a rear-engined, low-floor single-decker public bus chassis built by Volvo between c. 1993 and c. 2005. An articulated version of the B10L, known as the B10LA, was also produced.

United Kingdom

CNG-powered B10L of Travel West Midlands.
Diesel-engined B10L with Alexander Ultra bodywork in the Ulsterbus fleet

The B10L was available in the United Kingdom and Ireland between 1994 and 1999, with a choice of two types of bodywork, the Alexander Ultra and the Wright Liberator. The Alexander Ultra body was marketed by Volvo and based on a design produced by Volvo subsidiary Säffle, who built the body on the first B10L imported to the United Kingdom.[1] The bodywork by Wrightbus proved slightly more popular.[according to whom?]

In the United Kingdom, the articulated B10LA was bodied exclusively by Wrightbus for FirstGroup subsidiaries in Manchester (15), Leeds (15) and Glasgow (10).[citation needed] The Wright body for the B10LA is named Fusion.

The B10L enjoyed limited success in Britain. In 1997 the Volvo B10BLE was introduced to the British market, and this chassis rapidly became more popular. The B10BLE was cheaper than the B10L, and shared more in common with the step-entrance B10B, examples of which were already owned by many of its customers.

Customers

The largest operators of Volvo B10L buses in the United Kingdom were Travel West Midlands and Travel Dundee, who ordered over 100 conventional diesel-powered chassis with Wright Liberator bodywork in 1996.[2] Travel West Midlands also ordedered 14 CNG-powered buses with Alexander Ultra bodies in 1997;[3][4] the CNG Ultras were later converted to run on conventional diesel.

The second largest operator of B10Ls Translink, who purchased sixty B10Ls with Alexander Ultra bodies in 1995. Fifty of these were allocated to Citybus, while ten were allocated to Ulsterbus services in Derry.[5] Two ex-demonstrator Ultras were also acquired.

The FirstGroup were a notable operator of the Volvo B10L. First Glasgow ordered ten B10Ls with Wright Liberator bodywork,[citation needed] while five similar B10Ls were ordered by GM Buses North in 1995 for operation on Superbus routes between Wigan and Leigh. These were delivered in 1996, by which time GM Buses North had become First Greater Manchester.[6][7] First Northampton, meanwhile, ordered nine B10Ls with Alexander Ultra bodies. Six of these were CNG-fuelled, while the remaining three were powered by conventional diesel.[4][8]

Other customers included CMT Buses, who purchased 10 Wrights,[citation needed] and Timeline of Wigan, who purchased 6 Ultras with grant funding from Greater Manchester PTE.[9] Four Alexander Ultra-bodied B10L demonstrators were produced, with the first Ultra-bodied B10L produced being delivered to Mainline Buses in 1994. Mainline did not order any further examples and quickly disposed of the demonstrator.

Ireland

Eleven Wright Liberator-bodied B10Ls are operated by Bus Éireann in Cork, and sister CIÉ company Dublin Bus purchased five Alexander Ultra-bodied B10Ls for use in Dublin.[citation needed] A sixth, experimental LPG-powered, Ultra was leased and later returned.[4]

Finland

Helsingin Bussiliikenne purchased 41 Volvo B10L buses with Carrus City U [fi] bodies between 1995 and 1999; 21 of these are gas-powered.[10] Pohjolan Liikenne bought four Volvo B10L buses with Lahden Autokori [fi] 402 bodies in 1999.[11]

Tampereen kaupunkiliikenne purchased eight articulated Volvo B10LA buses with Carrus City U bodies between 1996–1998 and in 2008. [12]

Jyväskylän Liikenne B10L

Jyväskylän Liikenne purchased 29 Volvo B10L buses with Carrus City U bodies built between 1997 and 1998. Some of these buses were bought from Kuopion Liikenne.[13] Koiviston Auto has five Volvo B10L buses with Carrus City U bodies bought in 1997 and 1998.[14]

Australia

Transport for Brisbane purchased 54 Volvo B10L buses with Austral-Pacific Orana body[15] as well as six with Volgren CR222L body,[16] all were withdrawn between 2012 and 2015.

See also

References

  1. ^ Jones, Stuart (1 July 1994). "Alexander Ultra". Bus & Coach Buyer. No. 262. Spalding: Glen-Holland Limited. pp. 5–7.
  2. ^ "West Midlands B10Bs enter service". Bus & Coach Buyer. No. 342. Spalding: Glen-Holland Limited. 26 January 1996. p. 24. The [Wright Endurance] order originally called for 150 B10Bs but WMT has since opted to take 100 full low floor B10Ls with the new Wright Liberator body which is currently being developed.
  3. ^ "Travel Dundee launches easy access routes". Bus & Coach Buyer. No. 400. Spalding: Glen-Holland Limited. 14 March 1997. p. 11.
  4. ^ a b c Jones, Stuart (July 1997). "Travel West Midlands goes gas powered". Bus & Coach Buyer. Spalding: Glen-Holland Limited. pp. 19–22.
  5. ^ Morgan, Mike (17 June 1995). "Alexander looks Ultra successful". Coach & Bus Week. No. 172. Peterborough: Emap. p. 6.
  6. ^ Morgan, Mike (21 October 1995). "GM Buses North B10L liberated". Coach & Bus Week. No. 190. Peterborough: Emap. p. 10.
  7. ^ Barton, Mark (15 June 1996). "Liberator: less weight more seats". Coach & Bus Week. No. 222. Peterborough: Emap. p. 13.
  8. ^ "The development of a lowfloor bus - Volvo B10L". Bus & Coach Buyer. No. 295. Spalding: Glen-Holland Limited. 24 February 1995. pp. 19–22.
  9. ^ "Bullocks gets first five Manchester grant-aided low-floors". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough: Emap. 25 November 1995. p. 27.
  10. ^ Arttu Kuukankorpi (2009-08-31). "Pääkaupunkiseudun bussikuvasto" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2009-09-06.[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ Arttu Kuukankorpi (2008-06-03). "Pääkaupunkiseudun bussikuvasto" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  12. ^ Kari Paavola. "Tampereen seudun bussisivut > Kalustolista > Volvo" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  13. ^ Antti Moilanen (2009-08-28). "Koiviston Auto-yhtymä; Jyväskylän Liikenne kalustoluettelo" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2009-09-06.[permanent dead link]
  14. ^ Antti Moilanen (2009-09-02). "Koiviston Auto-yhtymä; Koiviston Auto / Lahden Liikenne kalustoluettelo" (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 2009-04-29. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  15. ^ "enthusiasts guide to Brisbane Transport". www.brisbanetransport.info. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  16. ^ "enthusiasts guide to Brisbane Transport". www.brisbanetransport.info. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
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