Philodryas: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Genus of snakes}} |
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| image = Callirhinus patagoniensis.jpg |
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| image_caption = ''[[Philodryas patagoniensis]]'' |
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| image = |
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| taxon = Philodryas |
| taxon = Philodryas |
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| authority = [[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1830<ref name="ITIS"/> |
| authority = [[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1830<ref name="ITIS"/> |
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| subdivision = |
| subdivision = |
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See text |
See text |
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| synonyms = ''Atamophis, Callirhinus, Chlorosoma, Dirrhox, Dryophylax, Euophrys, Galeophis, Herpetodryas, Lygophis, Teleolepis, Xenodon <ref name="Blgr1896"/> |
| synonyms = ''Atamophis, Callirhinus, Chlorosoma, Dirrhox, Dryophylax, Euophrys, Galeophis, Herpetodryas, Lygophis, Pseudablabes, Teleolepis, Xenodon'' <ref name="Blgr1896"/> |
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[[Dorsal scales]] arranged in 17 to 23 rows at midbody, more or less obliquely. [[Subcaudal scales|Subcaudals]] divided (in two rows). |
[[Dorsal scales]] arranged in 17 to 23 rows at midbody, more or less obliquely. [[Subcaudal scales|Subcaudals]] divided (in two rows). |
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[[Maxilla]]ry teeth smallest anteriorly, |
[[Maxilla]]ry teeth smallest anteriorly, 12–15, followed after a gap by two large grooved fangs located just behind the posterior border of the eye.<ref name="Blgr1896"/> |
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==Venom== |
==Venom== |
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Although colubrid snakes are usually harmless to humans, ''Philodryas'' are [[opisthoglyphous]] (rear-fanged) snakes<ref name="Blgr1896">[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger |
Although colubrid snakes are usually harmless to humans, ''Philodryas'' are [[opisthoglyphous]] (rear-fanged) snakes<ref name="Blgr1896">[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1896). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ) ...'' London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (Genus ''Philodryas'', p. 127).</ref> and can give a venomous bite. |
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==Species and geographic ranges== |
==Species and geographic ranges== |
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There are |
There are 16 recognized [[species]].<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS|id=700309|taxon=''Philodryas ''|accessdate=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{EMBL genus|genus=Philodryas}} www.reptile-database.org.</ref> |
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*''[[Philodryas aestiva]]'' {{small|([[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]], [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]] & [[Auguste Duméril|A.H.A. Duméril]], 1854)}} – N [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], SE [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]], [[Uruguay]] |
*''[[Philodryas aestiva]]'' {{small|([[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]], [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]] & [[Auguste Duméril|A.H.A. Duméril]], 1854)}} – N [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], SE [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]], [[Uruguay]] - Brazilian green racer, common green racer |
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*''[[Philodryas agassizii]]'' {{small|([[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1863)}} |
*''[[Philodryas agassizii]]'' {{small|([[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1863)}} – Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay - burrowing night snake |
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*''[[Philodryas |
*''[[Philodryas arnaldoi]]'' {{small|([[Afrânio Pompílio Gastos do Amaral|Amaral]], 1932)}} – Brazil - Arnaldo's green race |
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*''[[Philodryas |
*''[[Philodryas baroni]]'' {{small|[[:fr:Carlos Berg|Berg]], 1895}} – N Argentina - Baron's green racer |
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*''[[Philodryas |
*''[[Philodryas boliviana]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1896</small> – Bolivia - Bolivian racer |
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*''[[Philodryas |
*''[[Philodryas chamissonis]]'' <small>([[Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann|Wiegmann]], 1834)</small> – [[Chile]] - Chilean green racer, Chilean long-tailed snake |
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*''[[Philodryas cordata]]'' {{small|[[Maureen Ann Donnelly|Donnelly]] & [[:fr:Charles William Myers|C. Myers]], 1991}} – Venezuela |
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* |
*''[[Philodryas erlandi]]'' <small>[[Einar Lönnberg|Lönnberg]], 1902</small> – Paraguay, southeastern Bolivia, northern Argentina - Miranda green racer |
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<!-- *''[[Philodryas georgeboulengeri]]'' {{small|[[Felipe G. Grazziotin|Grazziotin]] et al., 2012}} – Bolivia, Brazil, [[Peru]] (= ''[[Xenoxybelis boulengeri]]'')--> |
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*''[[Philodryas |
*''[[Philodryas livida]]'' {{small|(Amaral, 1923)}} – Brazil |
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*''[[Philodryas |
*''[[Philodryas mattogrossensis]]'' {{small|[[Julio Germán Koslowsky|Koslowsky]], 1898}} – Bolivia, SW Brazil, Paraguay - Miranda green racer |
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*''[[Philodryas |
*''[[Philodryas nattereri]]'' {{small|[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1870}} – WC Brazil, Paraguay - Paraguay green racer |
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*''[[Philodryas |
*''[[Philodryas olfersii]]'' {{small|([[Martin Lichtenstein|Lichtenstein]], 1823)}} – Argentina, Bolivia, W Brazil, Paraguay, E Peru, Uruguay - Lichtenstein's green racer |
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*''[[Philodryas |
*''[[Philodryas patagoniensis]]'' {{small|([[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1858)}} – Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay - Patagonia green racer |
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*''[[Philodryas |
*''[[Philodryas psammophidea]]'' {{small|[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1872}} – Argentina, W & S Brazil - Günther's green racer |
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*''[[Philodryas |
*''[[Philodryas trilineata]]'' {{small|([[Hermann Burmeister|Burmeister]], 1861)}} – Argentina |
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*''[[Philodryas oligolepis]]'' {{small|[[João Florêncio Gomes|Gomes]], 1921}} (= ''[[Philodryas laticeps]]'') – [[Minas Gerais]], Brazil |
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*''[[Philodryas patagoniensis]]'' {{small|([[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1857)}} – Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil |
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''[[Nota bene]]'': A [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial authority]] in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Philodryas''. |
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*''[[Philodryas psammophidea]]'' {{small|[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1872}} – Argentina, W & S Brazil |
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*''[[Philodryas simonsi]]'' {{small|Boulenger, 1900}} – [[Ecuador]], Peru |
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*''[[Philodryas tachymenoides]]'' {{small|([[Karl Patterson Schmidt|Schmidt]] & Walker, 1943)}} – Chile, Peru |
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*''[[Philodryas trilineata]]'' {{small|([[Hermann Burmeister|Burmeister]], 1861)}} |
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*''[[Philodryas viridissima]]'' {{small|([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)}} – N [[South America]] in [[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] and [[Paraguay River]] basins<ref>[[:es:Marcos Abraham Freiberg|Freiberg M]] (1982). ''Snakes of South America'' Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. {{ISBN|0-87666-912-7}}. (Genus ''Philodryas'', pp. 106-107).</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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{{wikispecies}} |
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{{Commons category}} |
{{Commons category}} |
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{{Wikispecies}} |
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⚫ | *[[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler JG]] (1830). ''Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification des Säugthiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie.'' Munich, Stuttgart, and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. vi + 354 pp. (''Philodryas'', new genus, p. 185). (in German and Latin). |
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*https://serpientesdevenezuela.org/philodryas-viridissima/ |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q2704201}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Philodryas]] |
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[[Category:Snake genera]] |
[[Category:Snake genera]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Georg Wagler]] |
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Georg Wagler]] |
Latest revision as of 18:10, 20 December 2023
Philodryas | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Reptilia |
Order: | Squamata |
Suborder: | Serpentes |
Family: | Colubridae |
Subfamily: | Dipsadinae |
Genus: | Philodryas Wagler, 1830[1] |
Species | |
See text | |
Synonyms | |
Atamophis, Callirhinus, Chlorosoma, Dirrhox, Dryophylax, Euophrys, Galeophis, Herpetodryas, Lygophis, Pseudablabes, Teleolepis, Xenodon [2] |
Philodryas is a genus of colubrid snakes endemic to South America,[2] commonly called green snakes.
Description[edit]
Species in the genus Philodryas share the following characters:
Head distinct from neck, with distinct canthus rostralis. Eye moderate or large. Pupil round. Body cylindrical or slightly laterally compressed. Tail long.
Dorsal scales arranged in 17 to 23 rows at midbody, more or less obliquely. Subcaudals divided (in two rows).
Maxillary teeth smallest anteriorly, 12–15, followed after a gap by two large grooved fangs located just behind the posterior border of the eye.[2]
Venom[edit]
Although colubrid snakes are usually harmless to humans, Philodryas are opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged) snakes[2] and can give a venomous bite.
Species and geographic ranges[edit]
There are 16 recognized species.[1][3]
- Philodryas aestiva (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – N Argentina, Bolivia, SE Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay - Brazilian green racer, common green racer
- Philodryas agassizii (Jan, 1863) – Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay - burrowing night snake
- Philodryas arnaldoi (Amaral, 1932) – Brazil - Arnaldo's green race
- Philodryas baroni Berg, 1895 – N Argentina - Baron's green racer
- Philodryas boliviana Boulenger, 1896 – Bolivia - Bolivian racer
- Philodryas chamissonis (Wiegmann, 1834) – Chile - Chilean green racer, Chilean long-tailed snake
- Philodryas cordata Donnelly & C. Myers, 1991 – Venezuela
- Philodryas erlandi Lönnberg, 1902 – Paraguay, southeastern Bolivia, northern Argentina - Miranda green racer
- Philodryas livida (Amaral, 1923) – Brazil
- Philodryas mattogrossensis Koslowsky, 1898 – Bolivia, SW Brazil, Paraguay - Miranda green racer
- Philodryas nattereri Steindachner, 1870 – WC Brazil, Paraguay - Paraguay green racer
- Philodryas olfersii (Lichtenstein, 1823) – Argentina, Bolivia, W Brazil, Paraguay, E Peru, Uruguay - Lichtenstein's green racer
- Philodryas patagoniensis (Girard, 1858) – Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay - Patagonia green racer
- Philodryas psammophidea Günther, 1872 – Argentina, W & S Brazil - Günther's green racer
- Philodryas trilineata (Burmeister, 1861) – Argentina
- Philodryas varia (Jan, 1863)[4] – Argentina, Bolivia - Jan's green racer
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Philodryas.
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Philodryas ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
- ^ a b c d Boulenger GA (1896). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ) ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (Genus Philodryas, p. 127).
- ^ Genus Philodryas at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
- ^ "Home". philodryas.com.
Further reading[edit]
- Wagler JG (1830). Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification des Säugthiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. Munich, Stuttgart, and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. vi + 354 pp. (Philodryas, new genus, p. 185). (in German and Latin).
- https://serpientesdevenezuela.org/philodryas-viridissima/