Prunus gracilis: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{Taxobox
{{speciesbox
|image = File:Prunus gracilis.jpg
|image = Prunus gracilis.jpg
|image_caption = Sketch of leaves and flowers
|image_caption = 1913 illustration<ref>illustration published in Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 323.</ref>
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|status = LC|status_system = IUCN3.1
|unranked_divisio = [[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]]
|display_parents = 2
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
⚫
|genus = Prunus
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|parent = Prunus sect. Prunocerasus
|ordo = [[Rosales]]
|species = gracilis
|familia = [[Rosaceae]]
|authority = [[George Engelmann|Engelm.]] & [[Asa Gray|A.Gray]]
⚫
|genus = ''[[Prunus]]''
|synonyms=''Prunus normalis'' <small>Small</small>
|subgenus = ''[[Amygdalus]]''
|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Pollard, R.P. |author2=Rhodes, L. |author3=Maxted, N. |date=2016 |title=''Prunus gracilis'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T50403541A50673957 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T50403541A50673957.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
|species = '''''P. gracilis'''''<ref name="grin" />
⚫
|binomial = ''Prunus gracilis''
|binomial_authority = [[Engelm.]] & [[A.Gray]]
}}
}}


'''''Prunus gracilis''''', called the '''Oklahoma plum''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=PRGR|taxon=Prunus gracilis|accessdate=14 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" /> '''sour plum''', and '''sand plum''', is a species of ''[[Prunus]]'' native to the south-central United States.
'''''Prunus gracilis''''', called .<ref name="grin">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?404746|title=''Prunus havardii'' (W. Wight) S. C. Mason|author=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network|GRIN]] |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |location=National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, [[Beltsville, Maryland]]|date=November 23, 2013 |accessdate=February 4, 2014}}</ref>

== Description ==
''Prunus gracilis'' grows up to {{convert|6|ft|m|abbr=off|order=flip}} tall, has five-petaled leaves, and fruits ripen June–August.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=PRGR|title=''Prunus gracilis''|publisher=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center|access-date=December 30, 2014}}</ref> It grows in clusters and thickets.<ref>{{cite book|title=Native American species of Prunus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IKQUAAAAYAAJ&q=prunus+gracilis&pg=PA58|last=Wright|first=William Franklin|year=1915|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture|location=Washington, DC|page=58}}</ref> It is [[hermaphroditic]] and pollinated by insects.<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" />

== Taxonomy ==
The [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''Gracilis'' refers to 'slender branches'.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Prunus gracilis'' Engelm. & Gray |url=http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/shrub/prun-gra.htm |access-date=December 30, 2014 |publisher=Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
It is natively found in various states of the United States, including [[Alabama]], southwestern [[Arkansas]], southeastern [[Colorado]], [[Kansas]], northwestern [[Louisiana]], eastern [[New Mexico]], [[Oklahoma]], and [[Texas]].<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" /><ref name="grin">{{GRIN|accessdate=December 30, 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Prunus%20gracilis.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PRGR|title=USDA Plants Database}}</ref>

It is found growing in fence rows, open woodlands, woodlands edge, forest openings, hillsides, slopes, sandy roadsides, upland thickets and waste places. It is normally found at {{convert|100–1300|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" />

== Uses ==
Its red fruits are considered poor for eating, but Native Americans dried them for consumption during winter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oklahoma Plum, Sour Plum, Sand Plum |url=http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/nativeshrubs/prunusgracil.htm |access-date=December 30, 2014 |publisher=Texas A&M University}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
==External links==
⚫
* {{PFAF|Prunus gracilis}}
{{commons category|Prunus_gracilis}}
* [http://www.tropicos.org/Image/54690 photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Republic of Texas in 1844]
⚫
{{wikispecies|Prunus gracilis}}
* {{NCBI|262523|''Prunus gracilis''}}
* {{commons category-inline|Prunus gracilis}}
⚫
* {{wikispecies-inline|Prunus gracilis}}

{{taxonbar |from=Q577883}}


[[Category:Prunus|gracilis]]
[[Category:Prunus|gracilis]]
[[Category:Flora of the United States]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1845]]
[[Category:Prunus sect. Prunocerasus|gracilis]]


{{prunus-stub}}

Latest revision as of 19:27, 25 December 2023

Prunus gracilis
1913 illustration[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Prunus
Subgenus: Prunus subg. Prunus
Section: Prunus sect. Prunocerasus
Species:
P. gracilis
Binomial name
Prunus gracilis
Synonyms

Prunus normalis Small

Prunus gracilis, called the Oklahoma plum,[3][2] sour plum, and sand plum, is a species of Prunus native to the south-central United States.

Description[edit]

Prunus gracilis grows up to 1.8 metres (6 feet) tall, has five-petaled leaves, and fruits ripen June–August.[4] It grows in clusters and thickets.[5] It is hermaphroditic and pollinated by insects.[2]

Taxonomy[edit]

The specific epithet Gracilis refers to 'slender branches'.[6]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

It is natively found in various states of the United States, including Alabama, southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Colorado, Kansas, northwestern Louisiana, eastern New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.[2][7][8][9]

It is found growing in fence rows, open woodlands, woodlands edge, forest openings, hillsides, slopes, sandy roadsides, upland thickets and waste places. It is normally found at 100–1,300 m (330–4,270 ft) above sea level.[2]

Uses[edit]

Its red fruits are considered poor for eating, but Native Americans dried them for consumption during winter.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ illustration published in Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 323.
  2. ^ a b c d e Pollard, R.P.; Rhodes, L.; Maxted, N. (2016). "Prunus gracilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T50403541A50673957. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T50403541A50673957.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  3. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Prunus gracilis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  4. ^ "Prunus gracilis". Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
  5. ^ Wright, William Franklin (1915). Native American species of Prunus. Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture. p. 58.
  6. ^ "Prunus gracilis Engelm. & Gray". Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
  7. ^ "Prunus gracilis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
  8. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  9. ^ "USDA Plants Database".
  10. ^ "Oklahoma Plum, Sour Plum, Sand Plum". Texas A&M University. Retrieved December 30, 2014.

External links[edit]


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