Ziziphus nummularia: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of plant}} |
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{{Distinguish|Ziziphus spina-christi|Ziziphus jujuba|Paliurus spina-christi}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=March 2014}} |
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{{One source|date=May 2023}} |
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{{speciesbox |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
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|image = Ziziphus nummularia5.jpg |
|image = Ziziphus nummularia5.jpg |
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|genus = Ziziphus |
|genus = Ziziphus |
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|species = nummularia |
|species = nummularia |
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|authority = (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. |
|authority = ([[Nicolaas Laurens Burman|Burm.f.]]) [[Robert Wight|Wight]] & [[George Arnott Walker Arnott|Arn.]] |
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|synonyms= ''Ziziphus rotundifolia'' |
|synonyms= ''Ziziphus rotundifolia'' |
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|synonyms_ref = |
|synonyms_ref =<ref>{{GRIN | access-date = 16 January 2018}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''Ziziphus nummularia''''' is a species of ''[[Ziziphus]]'' native to the [[Thar Desert]] of western [[India]] and southeastern [[Pakistan]] |
'''''Ziziphus nummularia''''', commonly known as '''wild jujube''' or '''jhahrberi''' in Hindi,<ref name=Agroforestry/> is a species of ''[[Ziziphus]]'' native to the [[Thar Desert]] of western [[India]] and southeastern [[Pakistan]], south [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Zimbabwe]]. ''Ziziphus nummularia'' is a [[shrub]] up to {{convert|6|m|ft}} or higher, branching to form a thicket. The leaves are rounded like those of ''[[Jujube|Ziziphus jujuba]]'' but differ from those in having a pubescence on the adaxial surface. The plant is commonly found in arid areas, hills, plains, and agricultural fields. |
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==Description== |
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''Ziziphus nummularia'' is a [[shrub]] up to {{convert|3|m|ft}} or more high, branching to form a thicket. The leaves are rounded like those of ''[[Jujube|Ziziphus jujuba]]'' but differ from these in having a pubescence on the adaxial surface. The plant is commonly found in agricultural fields. This species is native to parts of the [[Persian Gulf]], especially [[Qatar]], where it occurs in natural depressions. |
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''Ziziphus nummularia'' is a much-branched, widely-spreading, thorny bush or shrub up to {{convert|6|or|8|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall. The branches and twigs have a velvety texture and a pale purplish colour. The lateral roots are long and spread deeply into the [[Substrate (biology)|substrate]]. The alternately arranged leaves are simple and ovate, {{convert|2.5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long, with serrate margins; the upper surface of the blade is dark green and glossy, and the under surface is white and downy. The stipules are often replaced by a pair of brown spines, one short, down-curving hook, the other {{convert|1|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} long, robust, and straight. The inflorescence is a [[Inflorescence#Determinate or cymose|cyme]], the individual pale yellow flowers being bisexual with parts in fives, and often having no petals. They are followed by small red or blackish drupes not exceeding {{convert|1|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} in diameter, containing a hard stone, inside which there are usually two seeds.<ref name="Agroforestry">{{Cite web |title=''Ziziphus nummularia'' |url=https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/speciesprofile.php?Spid=18152 |publisher=World Agroforestry Center |accessdate=1 October 2021}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=May 2023}} |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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''Ziziphus nummularia'' is native to India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Lebanon and Zimbabwe. It is tolerant of a range of habitats including hillsides, plains, ravines, cultivated areas and sand dunes. On the sandy hills of southern [[Rajasthan]], it is associated with ''[[Euphorbia caducifolia]]'', ''[[Butea monosperma]]'', ''[[Millettia pinnata]]'', ''[[Syzygium hyrianium]]'' and ''[[Wrightia tinctoria]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=B.K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UDS5BAAAQBAJ&q=Euphorbia+caducifolia&pg=PA82 |title=Faunal Heritage of Rajasthan, India: Conservation and Management of Vertebrates |last2=Kulshreshtha |first2=Seema |last3=Rahmani |first3=Asad R. |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media |year=2013 |isbn=9783319013459 |page=82}}</ref> |
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==Uses== |
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[[File:درختچه ربنیک.jpg|alt=Ziziphus Nummularia in Behbahan, Iran|thumb|Ziziphus Nummularia in [[Behbahan]], Iran]] |
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''Ziziphus nummularia'' has been used for erosion control, reducing wind damage, and allowing deposited material to stabilise, forming a [[Habitat#Microhabitat types|microhabitat]] that enables other plants such as [[Poaceae|grasses]] to grow. The shrub sends up many suckers from the root system and can be planted to form a windbreak, sometimes in association with ''[[Crotalaria burhia]]''. The timber is used in building construction and to make farm implements, and it also makes good fuel and [[charcoal]]. The leaves can provide forage for livestock; in India they are picked, dried, and stored, producing about {{convert|1000|kg|lb|-2|abbr=on}} dried foliage per hectare. The fruits are edible, sweet, and acidic. They can be eaten raw, pickled, dried, or used to make confectionery. Rats and [[gerbil]]s are also attracted to the fruit, which can therefore be used in poison baits to attract the rodents.<ref name=Agroforestry/>{{additional citation needed|date=May 2023}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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File:Ziziphus nummularia3.jpg |
File:Ziziphus nummularia3.jpg |
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File:Ziziphus nummularia4.jpg |
File:Ziziphus nummularia4.jpg |
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File:برگ ربنیک، بهبهان.jpg|alt=Ziziphus Nummularia Leaf in Behbahan, Iran|Ziziphus Nummularia Leaf in [[Behbahan]], Iran |
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File:برگ درختچه ربنیک، بهبهان.jpg|alt=Ziziphus Nummularia Leaf, Behbahan, Iran|Ziziphus Nummularia Leaf, [[Iran]] |
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File:ربنیک نیمخورده و خشکیده، بهبهان.jpg|alt=Half-Eaten Dried Ziziphus Nummularia Fruit, Behbahan|Half-Eaten Dried Ziziphus Nummularia Fruit, [[Behbahan]] |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q5236643}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5236643}} |
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{{-}} |
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[[Category:Ziziphus|nummularia]] |
[[Category:Ziziphus|nummularia]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Pakistan]] |
[[Category:Flora of Pakistan]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Qatar]] |
[[Category:Flora of Qatar]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Taxa named by Nicolaas Laurens Burman]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Robert Wight]] |
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{{fruit-tree-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 17:33, 30 December 2023
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (May 2023) |
| Ziziphus nummularia | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rhamnaceae |
| Genus: | Ziziphus |
| Species: | Z. nummularia
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| Binomial name | |
| Ziziphus nummularia | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Ziziphus rotundifolia | |
Ziziphus nummularia, commonly known as wild jujube or jhahrberi in Hindi,[2] is a species of Ziziphus native to the Thar Desert of western India and southeastern Pakistan, south Iran, Afghanistan, Lebanon and Zimbabwe. Ziziphus nummularia is a shrub up to 6 metres (20 ft) or higher, branching to form a thicket. The leaves are rounded like those of Ziziphus jujuba but differ from those in having a pubescence on the adaxial surface. The plant is commonly found in arid areas, hills, plains, and agricultural fields.
Description[edit]
Ziziphus nummularia is a much-branched, widely-spreading, thorny bush or shrub up to 6 or 8 m (20 or 26 ft) tall. The branches and twigs have a velvety texture and a pale purplish colour. The lateral roots are long and spread deeply into the substrate. The alternately arranged leaves are simple and ovate, 2.5 cm (1 in) long, with serrate margins; the upper surface of the blade is dark green and glossy, and the under surface is white and downy. The stipules are often replaced by a pair of brown spines, one short, down-curving hook, the other 1 cm (0.4 in) long, robust, and straight. The inflorescence is a cyme, the individual pale yellow flowers being bisexual with parts in fives, and often having no petals. They are followed by small red or blackish drupes not exceeding 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter, containing a hard stone, inside which there are usually two seeds.[2][additional citation(s) needed]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
Ziziphus nummularia is native to India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Lebanon and Zimbabwe. It is tolerant of a range of habitats including hillsides, plains, ravines, cultivated areas and sand dunes. On the sandy hills of southern Rajasthan, it is associated with Euphorbia caducifolia, Butea monosperma, Millettia pinnata, Syzygium hyrianium and Wrightia tinctoria.[3]
Uses[edit]
Ziziphus nummularia has been used for erosion control, reducing wind damage, and allowing deposited material to stabilise, forming a microhabitat that enables other plants such as grasses to grow. The shrub sends up many suckers from the root system and can be planted to form a windbreak, sometimes in association with Crotalaria burhia. The timber is used in building construction and to make farm implements, and it also makes good fuel and charcoal. The leaves can provide forage for livestock; in India they are picked, dried, and stored, producing about 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) dried foliage per hectare. The fruits are edible, sweet, and acidic. They can be eaten raw, pickled, dried, or used to make confectionery. Rats and gerbils are also attracted to the fruit, which can therefore be used in poison baits to attract the rodents.[2][additional citation(s) needed]
References[edit]
- ^ "Ziziphus nummularia". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ^ a b c "Ziziphus nummularia". World Agroforestry Center. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
- ^ Sharma, B.K.; Kulshreshtha, Seema; Rahmani, Asad R. (2013). Faunal Heritage of Rajasthan, India: Conservation and Management of Vertebrates. Springer Science and Business Media. p. 82. ISBN 9783319013459.
