Sikorsky XH-39: Difference between revisions
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{|{{Infobox |
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
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|name= XH-39 (S-59) |
|name= XH-39 (S-59) |
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|image= |
|image= File:Sikorsky XH-39.jpg |
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|caption= Sikorsky XH- |
|caption= Sikorsky XH-39 |
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}}{{Infobox |
}}{{Infobox aircraft type |
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|type= [[Helicopter]] |
|type= [[Helicopter]] |
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|manufacturer= [[Sikorsky Aircraft]] |
|manufacturer= [[Sikorsky Aircraft]] |
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|designer= |
|designer= |
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|first flight= |
|first flight= 26 August 1954 |
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|introduced= not produced |
|introduced= not produced |
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|retired= |
|retired= |
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|more users=<!--up to three more. please separate with <br/>.--> |
|more users=<!--up to three more. please separate with <br/>.--> |
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|produced= |
|produced= |
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|number built= 1<ref>Polmar and Kennedy, p.288</ref> |
|number built= 1<ref name="Polmar and Kennedy p. 288">Polmar and Kennedy 1981, p. 288.</ref> |
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|unit cost= |
|unit cost= |
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|developed from = [[Sikorsky S-52]] |
|developed from = [[Sikorsky S-52]] |
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The '''Sikorsky XH-39''' (manufacturer designation '''S-59'''), developed by [[Sikorsky Aircraft]] in 1954, was the U.S. |
The '''Sikorsky XH-39''' (manufacturer designation '''S-59'''), developed by [[Sikorsky Aircraft]] in 1954, was the U.S. Army's first turbine-powered helicopter. It was fast and innovative, but ultimately rejected by the [[United States Army]] in favor of the [[Bell UH-1 Iroquois]]. |
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==Design and development== |
==Design and development== |
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[[File:Sikorsky S-59.jpg|thumb|right|S-59 during runup]] |
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The four-seat XH-39 was powered by one [[Continental T51|Continental CAE XT51-T-3]] 400 shp (298 |
The four-seat XH-39 was powered by one [[Continental T51|Continental CAE XT51-T-3]] 400 shp (298 kW) [[turboshaft]] engine, a license-built development of the [[Turbomeca Artouste]]. It was developed from a previous Sikorsky model, the H-18 (company model S-52), and had the same layout. It differed in using retractable landing gear, modified tail rotor, and four-blade main rotor.<ref name="Polmar and Kennedy p. 288"/> In the end, the U.S. Army selected the [[UH-1 Iroquois variants#XH-40 and YH-40|Bell XH-40]], prototype of the [[Bell UH-1 Iroquois|UH-1 Huey]]. Two YH-18As were modified into XH-39s; one for flight testing and the other for static test. |
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On August |
On 26 August 1954, the XH-39 set a world helicopter speed record of 156.005 mph (251 km/h) over a three kilometer closed course at Bradley Field (now [[Bradley International Airport]]) in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.<ref name="sikorskyarchives.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/S-59.php|title = Sikorsky Archives | S-59}}</ref> The same year, on October 17, 1954, it set an unofficial world helicopter altitude record of 24,500 ft (7,474 m) at Bridgeport, Connecticut.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Popular Mechanics|author=Hearst Magazines|title=Sets Helicopter Record|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=390DAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA113|date=February 1955|publisher=Hearst Magazines|page=113}}</ref> |
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In addition to the two XH-39s, one S-59, serial number 52004, registration number N74150, was produced for use for company demonstration flights.<ref name="sikorskyarchives.com"/> It has been restored and is now on display at the [[New England Air Museum]], Windsor Locks, Connecticut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=882|title = New England Air Museum}}</ref> |
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==Variants== |
==Variants== |
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[[File:Sikorsky S-59 (New England Air Museum).jpg|thumb|Sikorsky S-59 on display at the New England Air Museum]] |
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;XH-39 |
;XH-39 |
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:Former YH-18A modified for static testing, not flown and later modified back to YH-18A standard. |
:Former YH-18A modified for static testing, not flown and later modified back to YH-18A standard. |
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:Former YH-18A modified for flight testing. |
:Former YH-18A modified for flight testing. |
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==Specifications (XH-39) |
==Specifications (XH-39)== |
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[[File:Sikorsky XH-39 3-view line drawing.png|thumb|3-view line drawing of the Sikorsky XH-39]] |
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{{aircraft specifications |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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|ref=''U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947''<ref name="Harding Armyp233">Harding 1990, p. 233.</ref> |
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|prime units?=imp |
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|plane or copter?=copter<!-- options: plane/copter --> |
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|jet or prop?=prop<!-- options: jet/prop/both/neither --> |
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General characteristics |
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|ref=U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947 <ref name="Harding Armyp233"> Harding 1990, p.233.</ref> |
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|genhide= |
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|crew=Four |
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|length main= 41 ft 0 in |
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|crew=One |
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|length alt= 12.50 m |
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|capacity=3 passengers |
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|span main= 35 ft 0 in |
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|length m= |
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|span alt= 10.67 m |
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|length ft=41 |
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|height main= 9 ft 7 in |
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|length in=0 |
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|height alt= 2.92 m |
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|area main= 962 ft² |
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|height m= |
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|area alt= 89.4 m² |
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|height ft=9 |
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|airfoil= |
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|height in=7 |
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|empty weight main= 2,105 lb |
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|height note=(to top of rotor head) |
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|empty weight alt= 957 kg |
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|empty weight kg= |
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|empty weight lb=2105 |
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|gross weight kg= |
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|useful load main= |
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|gross weight lb=3361 |
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|useful load alt= |
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|max takeoff weight |
|max takeoff weight kg= |
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|max takeoff weight |
|max takeoff weight lb= |
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|more general= |
|more general= |
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<!-- |
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Powerplant |
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--> |
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|eng1 number=1 |
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|eng1 name= [[Continental T51|Continental CAE XT51-T-3]] |
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|eng1 type=[[turboshaft]] |
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|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng1 shp=400<!-- prop engines --> |
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|more power= |
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|rot number=1<!-- helicopters --> |
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|engine (prop)= [[Continental T51|Continental CAE XT51-T-3]] |
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|rot dia m=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|type of prop= [[turboshaft]] |
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|rot dia ft=35<!-- helicopters --> |
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|number of props=1 |
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|rot dia in=0<!-- helicopters --> |
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|power main= 400 shp |
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|rot area sqm=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|power alt= 298 kW |
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|rot area sqft=962<!-- helicopters --> |
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|power original= |
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<!-- |
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Performance |
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|max speed main= 136 knots |
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--> |
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|max speed alt= 156 mph, 251 km/h |
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|perfhide= |
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|max speed more= |
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|cruise speed main= 120 knots |
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|max speed kmh= |
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|max speed mph=156 |
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|max speed kts= |
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|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
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|cruise speed mph=138<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
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|cruise speed kts= |
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|range |
|range km= |
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|range |
|range miles=280 |
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|range |
|range nmi= |
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|endurance=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|ceiling m= |
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|ferry range alt= |
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|ceiling ft=17900 |
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|ferry range more= |
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|g limits=<!-- aerobatic --> |
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|ceiling main= 17,900 ft |
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|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic --> |
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|ceiling alt= 5,460 m |
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|climb rate ms= |
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|celing more= |
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|climb rate |
|climb rate ftmin= |
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|lift to drag= |
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|climb rate alt= <!--m/s --> |
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|disk loading kg/m2= |
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|climb rate more= |
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|loading |
|disk loading lb/sqft= |
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|loading alt= 17.1 kg/m² |
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|thrust/weight=<!-- a unitless ratio --> |
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|power/mass main= 0.12 hp/lb |
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|power/mass alt= 0.20 kW/kg |
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|more performance= |
|more performance= |
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|avionics= |
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}} |
}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{aircontent |
{{aircontent |
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|related= |
|related= |
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* [[Sikorsky S-52]] |
* [[Sikorsky S-52]] |
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|similar aircraft= |
|similar aircraft= |
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* [[Bell XH-40]] |
* [[Bell UH-1 Iroquois variants|Bell XH-40]] |
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|see also= |
|see also= |
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* [[UH-1 Iroquois variants]] |
* [[Bell UH-1 Iroquois variants]] |
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* [[Bell Huey]] |
* [[Bell Huey family]] |
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* [[ |
* [[U.S. helicopter armament subsystems]] |
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|lists= |
|lists= |
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* [[List of active United States military aircraft]] |
* [[List of active United States military aircraft]] |
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* [[List of rotorcraft]] |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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===Notes=== |
===Notes=== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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===Bibliography=== |
===Bibliography=== |
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{{Refbegin}} |
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* Harding, Stephen. ''U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947''. Shrewsbury, England: Airlife, 1990. ISBN 1-85310-102-8. |
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* Harding, Stephen. ''U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947''. Shrewsbury, England: Airlife, 1990. {{ISBN|1-85310-102-8}}. |
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*Polmar, Norman, and Kennedy, Floyd D., Jr. ''Military Helicopters of the World''. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1981. ISBN 0-870321-383-0. |
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* Polmar, Norman and Floyd D. Kennedy, Jr. ''Military Helicopters of the World: Military Rotary-wing Aircraft Since 1917.''. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1981. {{ISBN|0-87021-383-0}}. |
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{{Refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{commons category|Sikorsky S-59}} |
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* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/h-39.htm "Sikorsky Model XH-39 (S-59)." at Global Security] (accessed 12 May 2008) |
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/h-39.htm "Sikorsky Model XH-39 (S-59)." at Global Security] (accessed 12 May 2008) |
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{{Sikorsky Aircraft}} |
{{Sikorsky Aircraft}} |
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{{USAF helicopters}} |
{{USAF helicopters}} |
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{{aviation lists}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:United States military helicopters]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1950s United States military utility aircraft]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Sikorsky aircraft|H-039]] |
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[[Category:1950s United States helicopters]] |
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[[Category:Single-turbine helicopters]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1954]] |
Latest revision as of 19:11, 4 January 2024
XH-39 (S-59) | |
---|---|
Sikorsky XH-39 | |
Role | Helicopter |
Manufacturer | Sikorsky Aircraft |
First flight | 26 August 1954 |
Introduction | not produced |
Primary user | United States Army |
Number built | 1[1] |
Developed from | Sikorsky S-52 |
The Sikorsky XH-39 (manufacturer designation S-59), developed by Sikorsky Aircraft in 1954, was the U.S. Army's first turbine-powered helicopter. It was fast and innovative, but ultimately rejected by the United States Army in favor of the Bell UH-1 Iroquois.
Design and development[edit]
The four-seat XH-39 was powered by one Continental CAE XT51-T-3 400 shp (298 kW) turboshaft engine, a license-built development of the Turbomeca Artouste. It was developed from a previous Sikorsky model, the H-18 (company model S-52), and had the same layout. It differed in using retractable landing gear, modified tail rotor, and four-blade main rotor.[1] In the end, the U.S. Army selected the Bell XH-40, prototype of the UH-1 Huey. Two YH-18As were modified into XH-39s; one for flight testing and the other for static test.
On 26 August 1954, the XH-39 set a world helicopter speed record of 156.005 mph (251 km/h) over a three kilometer closed course at Bradley Field (now Bradley International Airport) in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.[2] The same year, on October 17, 1954, it set an unofficial world helicopter altitude record of 24,500 ft (7,474 m) at Bridgeport, Connecticut.[3]
In addition to the two XH-39s, one S-59, serial number 52004, registration number N74150, was produced for use for company demonstration flights.[2] It has been restored and is now on display at the New England Air Museum, Windsor Locks, Connecticut.[4]
Variants[edit]
- XH-39
- Former YH-18A modified for static testing, not flown and later modified back to YH-18A standard.
- XH-39A
- Former YH-18A modified for flight testing.
Specifications (XH-39)[edit]
Data from U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947[5]
General characteristics
- Crew: One
- Capacity: 3 passengers
- Length: 41 ft 0 in (12.50 m)
- Height: 9 ft 7 in (2.92 m) (to top of rotor head)
- Empty weight: 2,105 lb (955 kg)
- Gross weight: 3,361 lb (1,525 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Continental CAE XT51-T-3 turboshaft, 400 shp (300 kW)
- Main rotor diameter: 35 ft 0 in (10.67 m)
- Main rotor area: 962 sq ft (89.4 m2)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 156 mph (251 km/h, 136 kn)
- Cruise speed: 138 mph (222 km/h, 120 kn)
- Range: 280 mi (450 km, 240 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 17,900 ft (5,500 m)
See also[edit]
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b Polmar and Kennedy 1981, p. 288.
- ^ a b "Sikorsky Archives | S-59".
- ^ Hearst Magazines (February 1955). "Sets Helicopter Record". Popular Mechanics. Hearst Magazines. p. 113.
- ^ "New England Air Museum".
- ^ Harding 1990, p. 233.
Bibliography[edit]
- Harding, Stephen. U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947. Shrewsbury, England: Airlife, 1990. ISBN 1-85310-102-8.
- Polmar, Norman and Floyd D. Kennedy, Jr. Military Helicopters of the World: Military Rotary-wing Aircraft Since 1917.. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1981. ISBN 0-87021-383-0.
External links[edit]
- "Sikorsky Model XH-39 (S-59)." at Global Security (accessed 12 May 2008)