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{{Short description|Genus of snakes}}
{{Short description|Genus of snakes}}
{{redirect|Catodon|the catodon whale|sperm whale}}
{{Redirect|Catodon|the catodon whale|sperm whale}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Leptotyphlops distanti.jpg
| image = Leptotyphlops distanti.jpg
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* ''Stenostomophis'' <small>[[Alphonse Trémeau de Rochebrune|Rochebrune]], 1884</small>
* ''Stenostomophis'' <small>[[Alphonse Trémeau de Rochebrune|Rochebrune]], 1884</small>
* ''Rhamphostoma'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1893</small>
* ''Rhamphostoma'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1893</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="McD99">[[:fr:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], Touré TA (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="McD99">{{cite book |authorlink1=species:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|last1=McDiarmid |first1=RW |authorlink2=Jonathan A. Campbell|last2=Campbell |first2=JA |authorlink3=species:T'Shaka A. Touré|last3=Touré |first3=TA |year=1999 |title=Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference |volume=1 |location=Washington, District of Columbia |publisher=Herpetologists' League |isbn=1-893777-01-4}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Leptotyphlops''''' is a [[genus]] of nonvenomous [[Leptotyphlopidae|blind snake]]s, commonly known as '''slender blind snakes''' and '''threadsnakes''',<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=174335 |taxon=''Leptotyphlops'' |accessdate=29 August 2007}}</ref> in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Leptotyphlopidae]]. The genus is [[Endemism|endemic]] to and found throughout [[Africa]]. Eleven species have been moved to the genus ''[[Trilepida]]'', and other species have been moved to the genera ''[[Epacrophis]]'', ''[[Epictia]]'', ''[[Mitophis]]'', ''[[Myriopholis]]'', ''[[Namibiana]]'', ''[[Rena (snake)|Rena]]'', ''[[Siagonodon]]'', ''[[Tetracheilostoma]]'', and ''[[Tricheilostoma]]''.
'''''Leptotyphlops''''' is a [[genus]] of nonvenomous [[Leptotyphlopidae|blind snake]]s, commonly known as '''slender blind snakes''' and '''threadsnakes''',<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=174335 |taxon=''Leptotyphlops'' |accessdate=29 August 2007}}</ref> in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Leptotyphlopidae]]. The genus is [[Endemism|endemic]] to and found throughout [[Africa]]. Eleven species have been moved to the genus ''[[Trilepida]]'', and other species have been moved to the genera ''[[Epacrophis]]'', ''[[Epictia]]'', ''[[Mitophis]]'', ''[[Myriopholis]]'', ''[[Namibiana]]'', ''[[Rena (snake)|Rena]]'', ''[[Siagonodon]]'', ''[[Tetracheilostoma]]'', and ''[[Tricheilostoma]]''.


==Description==
==Description==
Most species of ''Leptotyphlops'' look much like shiny [[earthworms]]. They are [[pink]] or [[brown]], and their scales give them a segmented appearance. Other species are [[black]] in color, but have the same general body structure. Their common name comes from the fact that their eyes are greatly reduced almost to the point of [[Vestigial structure|uselessness]], and hidden behind a protective head scale. The species which are called thread snakes are so named because of their very narrow, long bodies.
Most species of ''Leptotyphlops'' look much like shiny [[earthworms]]. They are generally black, grey, or blackish-brown and their scales give them a segmented appearance. Their common name comes from the fact that their eyes are greatly reduced almost to the point of [[Vestigial structure|uselessness]], and hidden behind a protective head scale. The species which are called thread snakes are so named because of their very narrow, long bodies.


==Behavior==
==Behavior==
Line 42: Line 42:
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Habitat & Range
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Habitat & Range
|-
|-
|Ethiopian Worm Snake
!Ethiopian worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops aethiopicus]]''<ref name="RDB">"''Leptotyphlops" ''. The [[Reptile Database]]. www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
|''[[Leptotyphlops aethiopicus]]''<ref name="RDB">{{NRDB genus|genus=Leptotyphlops}}</ref>
|[[:fr:Donald George Broadley|Broadley]] & [[Van Wallach|Wallach]], 2007
|[[Donald George Broadley|Broadley]] & [[Van Wallach|Wallach]], 2007
|Forest, Grassland
|''Habitat:'' Forest, grassland
''Range:'' Ethiopia, Kenya<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Spawls, S. |authorlink=species:Stephen Spawls |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops aethiopicus'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T21584239A21584244 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T21584239A21584244.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Ethiopia; Kenya


|-
|-
|Cape Thread Snake
!Cape thread snake
[[File:Leptotyphlops conjunctus.jpg|frameless]]
[[File:Leptotyphlops conjunctus.jpg|frameless]]
|''[[Leptotyphlops conjunctus]]''
|''[[Leptotyphlops conjunctus]]''
|([[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1861)
|([[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1861)
|Grassland
|''Habitat:'' Grassland
''Range:'' South Africa (Eastern Cape Province)<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Alexander, G.J. |authorlink1=species:Graham J. Alexander |author2=Tolley, K.A. |authorlink2=species:Krystal A. Tolley |author3=Weeber, J. |authorlink3=species:Josh Weeber |author4=Conradie, W. |authorlink4=species:Werner Conradie |author5=Pietersen, D. |authorlink5=species:Darren W. Pietersen |year=2022 |amends=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops conjunctus'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979732A217536604 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979732A217536604.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
South Africa (Eastern Cape Province)


|-
|-
|Distant's Thread Snake
!Distant's thread snake
[[File:Leptotyphlops distanti.jpg|frameless]]
[[File:Leptotyphlops distanti.jpg|frameless]]
|''[[Leptotyphlops distanti]]''
|''[[Leptotyphlops distanti]]''
|([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1892)
|([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1892)
|Savanna, Grassland
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, grassland
Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo Province, North-West Province, Mpumalanga, Gauteng)
''Range:'' Mozambique, South Africa (Limpopo Province, North-West Province, Mpumalanga, Gauteng)<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Alexander, G.J. |year=2022 |title=''Leptotyphlops distanti'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979746A197419772 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979746A197419772.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Emin Pasha’s Worm Snake
!Emin Pasha’s worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops emini]]''
|''[[Leptotyphlops emini]]''
|(Boulenger, 1890)
|(Boulenger, 1890)
|Savanna, Shrubland
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, shrubland
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Kenya; South Sudan; Tanzania, United Republic of; Uganda; Zambia
''Range:'' The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Kusamba, C. |authorlink=species:Chifundera Kusamba |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops emini'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T21584272A21584290 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T21584272A21584290.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>


|-
|-
|Howell’s Worm Snake
!Howell’s worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops howelli]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops howelli]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Forest, Savanna
|''Habitat:'' Forest, savanna
''Range:'' Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Beraduccii, J. |authorlink=species:Joe Beraducci |author2=Howell, K. |authorlink2=species:Kim Monroe Howell |author3=Msuya, C.A. |authorlink3=species:Charles Andekia Msuya |author4=Ngalason, W. |authorlink4=species:Wilirk Ngalason |year=2022 |amends=2014 |title=''Leptotyphlops howelli'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979760A217807449 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979760A217807449.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Kenya; Tanzania, United Republic of
|-
|-
|Incognito Thread Snake
!Incognito thread snake
[[File:Leptotyphlops incognitus.jpg|frameless]]
[[File:Leptotyphlops incognitus.jpg|frameless]]
|''[[Leptotyphlops incognitus]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops incognitus]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & [[Gillian Watson|Watson]], 1976
|Broadley & [[species:Gillian Watson|Watson]], 1976
|Savanna, Grassland
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, grassland
Eswatini; Mozambique; South Africa (Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga); Zambia; Zimbabwe
''Range:'' Eswatini, Mozambique, South Africa (Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga), Zambia, Zimbabwe<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Alexander, G.J. |author2=Tolley, K.A. |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops incognitus'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T44979771A120635822 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T44979771A120635822.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
|-
|Jacobsen's Thread Snake
!Jacobsen's thread snake
[[File:Leptotyphlops jacobseni.jpg|frameless]]
|''[[Leptotyphlops jacobseni]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops jacobseni]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & [[Sheila Broadley|S. Broadley]], 1999
|Broadley & [[species:Sheila Broadley|S. Broadley]], 1999
|Grassland
|''Habitat:'' Grassland
''Range:'' South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga)<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Alexander, G.J. |year=2022 |title=''Leptotyphlops jacobseni'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T178203A197408045 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T178203A197408045.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga)
|-
|-
|Shaba Thread Snake
!Shaba thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops kafubi]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops kafubi]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|(Boulenger, 1919)
|(Boulenger, 1919)
|Savanna, Artificial / Terrestrial
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, artificial / terrestrial
''Range:'' Angola, Congo, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Kusamba, C. |author2=Zassi-Boulou, A.-G. |authorlink2=species:Ange-Ghislain Zassi-Boulou |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops kafubi'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T44979786A44979794 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T44979786A44979794.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Angola; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Zambia
|-
|-
|Mount Kenya Worm Snake
!Mount Kenya worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops keniensis]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops keniensis]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Shrubland
|''Habitat:'' Shrubland
''Range:'' Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Spawls, S. |author2=Malonza, P. |authorlink2=species:Patrick Kenyatta Malonza |year=2022 |amends=2014 |title=''Leptotyphlops keniensis'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979800A217807566 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979800A217807566.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Kenya; Tanzania, United Republic of


|-
|-
|Uvira Worm Snake
!Uvira worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops latirostris]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops latirostris]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|([[Richard Sternfeld|Sternfeld]], 1912)
|([[Richard Sternfeld|Sternfeld]], 1912)
|Savanna
|''Habitat:'' Savanna
''Range:'' Burundi, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Pietersen, D. |author2=Verburgt, L. |authorlink2=species:Luke Verburgt |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops latirostris'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T124313370A124313452 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T124313370A124313452.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Burundi; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Tanzania, United Republic of


|-
|-
|Goggle-eyed Worm Snake
!Goggle-eyed worm snake
[[File:Goggle-eyed worm snake Leptotyphlops macrops.jpg|frameless]]
[[File:Goggle-eyed worm snake Leptotyphlops macrops.jpg|frameless]]
|''[[Leptotyphlops macrops]]''
|''[[Leptotyphlops macrops]]''
|Broadley & Wallach, 1996
|Broadley & Wallach, 1996
|Forest, Savanna, Artificial / Terrestrial
|''Habitat:'' Forest, savanna, artificial / terrestrial
''Range:'' Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Malonza, P. |author2=Spawls, S. |year=2022 |amends=2014 |title=''Leptotyphlops macrops'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979811A217807671 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979811A217807671.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Kenya; Tanzania, United Republic of


|-
|-
|Mbanja Worm Snake
!Mbanja worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops mbanjensis]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops mbanjensis]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Artificial / Terrestrial
|''Habitat:'' Artificial / terrestrial
''Range:'' United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Howell, K. |author2=Msuya, C.A. |author3=Spawls, S. |year=2022 |amends=2014 |title=''Leptotyphlops mbanjensis'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979823A217807781 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979823A217807781.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Tanzania, United Republic of


|-
|-
|Merker’s Thread Snake
!Merker’s thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops merkeri]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops merkeri]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1909)
|([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1909)
|Savanna, Shrubland, Grassland, Artificial / Terrestrial, Introduced vegetation
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, shrubland, grassland, artificial / terrestrial, introduced vegetation
''Range:'' Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Branch, W.R. |authorlink=William Roy Branch |author2=Wagner, P. |authorlink2=species:Philipp Wagner |author3=Safari, I. |authorlink3=species:Ignas Safari |author4=Chenga, J. |authorlink4=species:Jumapili Chenga |year=2015 |title=''Leptotyphlops merkeri'' |volume=2015 |page=e.T47749549A47749558 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T47749549A47749558.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Kenya; Tanzania, United Republic of


|-
|-
|Black Thread Snake
!Black thread snake
[[File:Leptotyphlops nigricans.jpg|frameless]]
[[File:Leptotyphlops nigricans.jpg|frameless]]
|''[[Leptotyphlops nigricans]]''<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>
|''[[Leptotyphlops nigricans]]''<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>
|([[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1839)
|([[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1839)
|Savanna, Shrubland, Grassland
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, shrubland, grassland
''Range:'' South Africa (Eastern Cape Province, Western Cape)<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Alexander, G.J. |year=2022 |title=''Leptotyphlops nigricans'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979834A197419932 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979834A197419932.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
South Africa (Eastern Cape Province, Western Cape)
|-
|-
|Black-tip Worm Snake
!Black-tip worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops nigroterminus]]''<ref name="RDB" />
|''[[Leptotyphlops nigroterminus]]''<ref name="RDB" />
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Savanna, Shrubland
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, shrubland
''Range:'' Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Spawls, S. |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops nigroterminus'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T44979849A44979854 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T44979849A44979854.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Kenya; Tanzania, United Republic of


|-
|-
|Pemba Worm Snake
!Pemba worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops pembae]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops pembae]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|[[Arthur Loveridge|Loveridge]], 1941
|[[Arthur Loveridge|Loveridge]], 1941
|Grassland, Artificial / Terrestrial
|''Habitat:'' Grassland, artificial / terrestrial
''Range:'' Pemba Island, Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Spawls, S. |author2=Malonza, P. |year=2022 |amends=2014 |title=''Leptotyphlops pembae'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979860A217807882 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979860A217807882.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Pemba Island, Tanzania


|-
|-
|Pitman’s Thread Snake
!Pitman’s thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops pitmani]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops pitmani]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Savanna
|''Habitat:'' Savanna
''Range:'' Kenya, Rwanda, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Wagner, P. |author2=Branch, W.R. |author3=Chenga, J. |author4=Safari, I. |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops pitmani'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T44979875A44979884 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T44979875A44979884.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Kenya; Rwanda; Tanzania, United Republic of; Uganda
|-
|-
|N/A
!N/A
|''[[Leptotyphlops pungwensis]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops pungwensis]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & Wallach, 1997
|Broadley & Wallach, 1997
|''Range:'' Mozambique<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Tolley, K.A. |author2=Conradie, W. |author3=Farooq, H. |author4=Verburgt, L. |author5=Alexander, G.J. |author6=Raimundo, A. |author7=Sardinha, C.I.V. |year=2019 |title=''Leptotyphlops pungwensis'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T44979890A44979892 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T44979890A44979892.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|Mozambique


|-
|-
|Peter's Thread Snake
!Peter's thread snake
[[File:Leptotyphlops scutifrons full body.jpg|frameless]]
[[File:Leptotyphlops scutifrons full body.jpg|frameless]]
|''[[Leptotyphlops scutifrons]]''
|''[[Leptotyphlops scutifrons]]''
|([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1854)
|([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1854)
|Savanna, Shrubland, Grassland
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, shrubland, grassland
''Range:'' Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Tolley, K.A. |author2=Alexander, G.J. |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops scutifrons'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T44979898A44979907 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T44979898A44979907.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Angola; Botswana; Eswatini; Lesotho; Namibia; South Africa; Zimbabwe


|-
|-
|Forest Thread Snake
!Forest thread snake
[[File:Leptotyphlops sylvicolus.jpg|frameless]]
|''[[Leptotyphlops sylvicolus]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops sylvicolus]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & Wallach, 1997
|Broadley & Wallach, 1997
|Forest, Grassland
|''Habitat:'' Forest, grassland
''Range:'' South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province)<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Alexander, G.J. |year=2022 |title=''Leptotyphlops sylvicolus'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979913A197420058 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979913A197420058.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province)
|-
|-
|Tello's Thread Snake
!Tello's thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops telloi]]''
|''[[Leptotyphlops telloi]]''
|Broadley & Watson, 1976
|Broadley & Watson, 1976
|Savanna
|''Habitat:'' Savanna
''Range:'' Eswatini, Mozambique<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Verburgt, L. |author2=Pietersen, D. |author3=Alexander, G.J. |author4=Farooq, H. |year=2022 |amends=2020 |title=''Leptotyphlops telloi'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979917A217541811 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979917A217541811.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
Eswatini; Mozambique
|}
|}
<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>) [[Type species]].
<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>) [[Type species]].
Line 194: Line 197:
{{Commons}}
{{Commons}}
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Leptotyphlops|date=29 August|year=2007}}
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Leptotyphlops|date=29 August|year=2007}}
* {{inaturalist taxon|32438}}
* [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=any&taxon_id=32438&view=species iNaturalist page]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2630951}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2630951}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Leptotyphlops| ]]
[[Category:Leptotyphlops| ]]

Revision as of 21:13, 16 April 2024

"Catodon" redirects here. For the catodon whale, see sperm whale.

Leptotyphlops
Leptotyphlops distanti
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Leptotyphlopidae
Genus: Leptotyphlops
Fitzinger, 1843
Synonyms[1]

Leptotyphlops is a genus of nonvenomous blind snakes, commonly known as slender blind snakes and threadsnakes,[2] in the family Leptotyphlopidae. The genus is endemic to and found throughout Africa. Eleven species have been moved to the genus Trilepida, and other species have been moved to the genera Epacrophis, Epictia, Mitophis, Myriopholis, Namibiana, Rena, Siagonodon, Tetracheilostoma, and Tricheilostoma.

Description

Most species of Leptotyphlops look much like shiny earthworms. They are generally black, grey, or blackish-brown and their scales give them a segmented appearance. Their common name comes from the fact that their eyes are greatly reduced almost to the point of uselessness, and hidden behind a protective head scale. The species which are called thread snakes are so named because of their very narrow, long bodies.

Behavior

All blind snakes including those of the genus Leptotyphlops are burrowing snakes, spending most of their time deep in loose soil, typically only emerging when it rains and they get flooded out.

Diet

The primary diet of Leptotyphlops is ant and termite larvae.

Species

Common name Scientific name[2] Taxon author[2] Habitat & Range
Ethiopian worm snake Leptotyphlops aethiopicus[3] Broadley & Wallach, 2007 Habitat: Forest, grassland

Range: Ethiopia, Kenya[4]

Cape thread snake

Leptotyphlops conjunctus (Jan, 1861) Habitat: Grassland

Range: South Africa (Eastern Cape Province)[5]

Distant's thread snake

Leptotyphlops distanti (Boulenger, 1892) Habitat: Savanna, grassland

Range: Mozambique, South Africa (Limpopo Province, North-West Province, Mpumalanga, Gauteng)[6]

Emin Pasha’s worm snake Leptotyphlops emini (Boulenger, 1890) Habitat: Savanna, shrubland

Range: The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia[7]

Howell’s worm snake Leptotyphlops howelli [3] Broadley & Wallach, 2007 Habitat: Forest, savanna

Range: Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania[8]

Incognito thread snake

Leptotyphlops incognitus[3] Broadley & Watson, 1976 Habitat: Savanna, grassland

Range: Eswatini, Mozambique, South Africa (Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga), Zambia, Zimbabwe[9]

Jacobsen's thread snake

Leptotyphlops jacobseni [3] Broadley & S. Broadley, 1999 Habitat: Grassland

Range: South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga)[10]

Shaba thread snake Leptotyphlops kafubi [3] (Boulenger, 1919) Habitat: Savanna, artificial / terrestrial

Range: Angola, Congo, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia[11]

Mount Kenya worm snake Leptotyphlops keniensis[3] Broadley & Wallach, 2007 Habitat: Shrubland

Range: Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania[12]

Uvira worm snake Leptotyphlops latirostris[3] (Sternfeld, 1912) Habitat: Savanna

Range: Burundi, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, United Republic of Tanzania[13]

Goggle-eyed worm snake

Leptotyphlops macrops Broadley & Wallach, 1996 Habitat: Forest, savanna, artificial / terrestrial

Range: Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania[14]

Mbanja worm snake Leptotyphlops mbanjensis[3] Broadley & Wallach, 2007 Habitat: Artificial / terrestrial

Range: United Republic of Tanzania[15]

Merker’s thread snake Leptotyphlops merkeri [3] (F. Werner, 1909) Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, artificial / terrestrial, introduced vegetation

Range: Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania[16]

Black thread snake

Leptotyphlops nigricansT (Schlegel, 1839) Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland

Range: South Africa (Eastern Cape Province, Western Cape)[17]

Black-tip worm snake Leptotyphlops nigroterminus[3] Broadley & Wallach, 2007 Habitat: Savanna, shrubland

Range: Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania[18]

Pemba worm snake Leptotyphlops pembae[3] Loveridge, 1941 Habitat: Grassland, artificial / terrestrial

Range: Pemba Island, Tanzania[19]

Pitman’s thread snake Leptotyphlops pitmani [3] Broadley & Wallach, 2007 Habitat: Savanna

Range: Kenya, Rwanda, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda[20]

N/A Leptotyphlops pungwensis[3] Broadley & Wallach, 1997 Range: Mozambique[21]
Peter's thread snake

Leptotyphlops scutifrons (W. Peters, 1854) Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland

Range: Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe[22]

Forest thread snake

Leptotyphlops sylvicolus[3] Broadley & Wallach, 1997 Habitat: Forest, grassland

Range: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province)[23]

Tello's thread snake Leptotyphlops telloi Broadley & Watson, 1976 Habitat: Savanna

Range: Eswatini, Mozambique[24]

T) Type species.

References

  1. ^ McDiarmid, RW; Campbell, JA; Touré, TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Vol. 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. ISBN 1-893777-01-4.
  2. ^ a b c "Leptotyphlops". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 29 August 2007.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Leptotyphlops at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
  4. ^ Spawls, S. (2021). "Leptotyphlops aethiopicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T21584239A21584244. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T21584239A21584244.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  5. ^ Alexander, G.J.; Tolley, K.A.; Weeber, J.; Conradie, W.; Pietersen, D. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops conjunctus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979732A217536604. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979732A217536604.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  6. ^ Alexander, G.J. (2022). "Leptotyphlops distanti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979746A197419772. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979746A197419772.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  7. ^ Kusamba, C. (2021). "Leptotyphlops emini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T21584272A21584290. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T21584272A21584290.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  8. ^ Beraduccii, J.; Howell, K.; Msuya, C.A.; Ngalason, W. (2022) [amended version of 2014 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops howelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979760A217807449. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979760A217807449.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  9. ^ Alexander, G.J.; Tolley, K.A. (2021). "Leptotyphlops incognitus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T44979771A120635822. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T44979771A120635822.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  10. ^ Alexander, G.J. (2022). "Leptotyphlops jacobseni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T178203A197408045. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T178203A197408045.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  11. ^ Kusamba, C.; Zassi-Boulou, A.-G. (2021). "Leptotyphlops kafubi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T44979786A44979794. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T44979786A44979794.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  12. ^ Spawls, S.; Malonza, P. (2022) [amended version of 2014 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops keniensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979800A217807566. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979800A217807566.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  13. ^ Pietersen, D.; Verburgt, L. (2021). "Leptotyphlops latirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T124313370A124313452. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T124313370A124313452.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  14. ^ Malonza, P.; Spawls, S. (2022) [amended version of 2014 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops macrops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979811A217807671. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979811A217807671.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  15. ^ Howell, K.; Msuya, C.A.; Spawls, S. (2022) [amended version of 2014 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops mbanjensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979823A217807781. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979823A217807781.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  16. ^ Branch, W.R.; Wagner, P.; Safari, I.; Chenga, J. (2015). "Leptotyphlops merkeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T47749549A47749558. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T47749549A47749558.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  17. ^ Alexander, G.J. (2022). "Leptotyphlops nigricans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979834A197419932. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979834A197419932.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  18. ^ Spawls, S. (2021). "Leptotyphlops nigroterminus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T44979849A44979854. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T44979849A44979854.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  19. ^ Spawls, S.; Malonza, P. (2022) [amended version of 2014 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops pembae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979860A217807882. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979860A217807882.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  20. ^ Wagner, P.; Branch, W.R.; Chenga, J.; Safari, I. (2021). "Leptotyphlops pitmani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T44979875A44979884. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T44979875A44979884.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  21. ^ Tolley, K.A.; Conradie, W.; Farooq, H.; Verburgt, L.; Alexander, G.J.; Raimundo, A.; Sardinha, C.I.V. (2019). "Leptotyphlops pungwensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T44979890A44979892. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T44979890A44979892.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  22. ^ Tolley, K.A.; Alexander, G.J. (2021). "Leptotyphlops scutifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T44979898A44979907. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T44979898A44979907.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  23. ^ Alexander, G.J. (2022). "Leptotyphlops sylvicolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979913A197420058. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979913A197420058.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  24. ^ Verburgt, L.; Pietersen, D.; Alexander, G.J.; Farooq, H. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops telloi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979917A217541811. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979917A217541811.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.

External links

Wikispecies has information related to Leptotyphlops.
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