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{{Short description|Genus of snakes}}
{{redirect|Catodon|the catodon whale|sperm whale}}
{{Redirect|Catodon|the catodon whale|sperm whale}}
{{Automatic Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Leptotyphlops scutifrons.jpg
| image_caption = [[Peters's threadsnake]] (''Leptotyphlops scutifrons'')
| image = Leptotyphlops distanti.jpg
| image_caption = Leptotyphlops distanti
| taxon = Leptotyphlops
| taxon = Leptotyphlops
| authority = [[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1843
| authority = [[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1843
| synonyms = *''Stenostoma'' <small>[[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1824 ([[Stenostoma|preoccupied]])</small><!-- should be beetle genus -->
| synonyms =
* ''Stenostoma'' <small>[[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1824 ([[Stenostoma|preoccupied]])</small><!-- should be beetle genus -->
* ''Typhlina'' <small>Wagler, 1830</small>
* ''Typhlina'' <small>[[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1830</small>
* ''Stenostona'' <small>[[Frédéric Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1836</small><!-- Should the author be "Georges" Cuvier? -->
* ''Stenostona'' <small>[[Frédéric Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1836</small>
* ''Leptotyphlops'' <small>[[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1843</small>
* ''Leptotyphlops'' <small>[[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1843</small>
* ''Eucephalus'' <small>[[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1843</small>
* ''Eucephalus'' <small>Fitzinger, 1843</small>
* ''Catodon'' <small>[[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C.Duméril]] & [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]], 1844</small>
* ''Catodon'' <small>[[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C.Duméril]] & [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]], 1844</small>
* ''Glauconia'' <small>[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1845</small>
* ''Glauconia'' <small>[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1845</small>
* ''Rena'' <small>[[Spencer Fullerton Baird|Baird]] & [[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1853</small>
* ''Rena'' <small>[[Spencer Fullerton Baird|Baird]] & [[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1853</small>
* ''Sabrina'' <small>[[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1857</small>
* ''Sabrina'' <small>Girard, 1857</small>
* ''Ramphostoma'' <small>[[Giorgio Jan|Jan]] in [[Giorgio Jan|Jan]] & Sordelli, 1860</small>
* ''Ramphostoma'' <small>[[Giorgio Jan|Jan]] in Jan & [[:fr:Ferdinando Sordelli|Sordelli]], 1860</small>
* ''Tricheilostoma'' <small>[[Giorgio Jan|Jan]] in [[Giorgio Jan|Jan]] & Sordelli, 1860</small>
* ''Tricheilostoma'' <small>Jan in Jan & Sordelli, 1860</small>
* ''Tetracheilostoma'' <small>[[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1861</small>
* ''Tetracheilostoma'' <small>Jan, 1861</small>
* ''Siagonodon'' <small>[[Wilhelm Peters|Peters]], 1881</small>
* ''Siagonodon'' <small>[[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1881</small>
* ''Stenostomophis'' <small>Rochebrune, 1884</small>
* ''Stenostomophis'' <small>[[Alphonse Trémeau de Rochebrune|Rochebrune]], 1884</small>
* ''Rhamphostoma'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1893</small>
* ''Rhamphostoma'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1893</small><ref name="McD99">[[:fr:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], Touré TA (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="McD99">{{cite book |authorlink1=species:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|last1=McDiarmid |first1=RW |authorlink2=Jonathan A. Campbell|last2=Campbell |first2=JA |authorlink3=species:T'Shaka A. Touré|last3=Touré |first3=TA |year=1999 |title=Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference |volume=1 |location=Washington, District of Columbia |publisher=Herpetologists' League |isbn=1-893777-01-4}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Leptotyphlops''''' is a [[genus]] of nonvenomous [[Leptotyphlopidae|blind snake]]s, commonly known as '''slender blind snakes''' and '''threadsnakes''',<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=174335 |taxon=''Leptotyphlops'' |accessdate=29 August 2007}}</ref> found throughout [[North America|North]] and [[South America]], [[Africa]], [[Indian subcontinent]] and southwestern [[Asia]]. 11 species have been moved to the genus [[Trilepida]], others moved to the genera [[Epacrophis]], [[Epictia]], [[Siagonodon]], [[Tricheilostoma]], [[Tetracheilostoma]], [[Mitophis]], and [[Rena (genus)|Rena]].
'''''Leptotyphlops''''' is a [[genus]] of nonvenomous [[Leptotyphlopidae|blind snake]]s, commonly known as '''slender blind snakes''' and '''threadsnakes''',<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=174335 |taxon=''Leptotyphlops'' |accessdate=29 August 2007}}</ref> in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Leptotyphlopidae]]. The genus is [[Endemism|endemic]] to and found throughout [[Africa]]. Eleven species have been moved to the genus ''[[Trilepida]]'', and other species have been moved to the genera ''[[Epacrophis]]'', ''[[Epictia]]'', ''[[Mitophis]]'', ''[[Myriopholis]]'', ''[[Namibiana]]'', ''[[Rena (snake)|Rena]]'', ''[[Siagonodon]]'', ''[[Tetracheilostoma]]'', and ''[[Tricheilostoma]]''.


==Description==
==Description==
Most species look much like shiny [[earthworms]]. They are [[pink]] or [[brown]], and their scales give them a segmented appearance. Other species are [[black]] in color, but have the same general body structure. Their common name comes from the fact that their eyes are greatly reduced almost to the point of [[Vestigial structure|uselessness]], and hidden behind a protective head scale. The species which are called thread snakes are so named because of their very narrow, long bodies.
Most species of ''Leptotyphlops'' look much like shiny [[earthworms]]. They are generally black, grey, or blackish-brown and their scales give them a segmented appearance. Their common name comes from the fact that their eyes are greatly reduced almost to the point of [[Vestigial structure|uselessness]], and hidden behind a protective head scale. The species which are called thread snakes are so named because of their very narrow, long bodies.

==Geographic range==
Found in the [[Americas]], [[Africa]], [[India]], [[Pakistan]] southwestern [[Asia]]. In the Americas from the southwestern [[United States]], south through most of [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]] as far as [[Uruguay]] and [[Argentina]]. Also found on [[San Salvador Island]] in the [[Bahamas]], in [[Haiti]], the [[Dominican Republic]] and in the [[Lesser Antilles]]. Also found on [[Socotra|Socotra Island]].<ref name="McD99"/>


==Behavior==
==Behavior==
All blind snakes are burrowing snakes, spending most of their time deep in loose soil, typically only emerging when it rains and they get flooded out.
All blind snakes including those of the genus ''Leptotyphlops'' are burrowing snakes, spending most of their time deep in loose soil, typically only emerging when it rains and they get flooded out.


==Diet==
==Diet==
Their primary [[diet (nutrition)|diet]] is [[ant]] and [[termite]] [[larva]]e.
The primary [[diet (nutrition)|diet]] of ''Leptotyphlops'' is [[ant]] and [[termite]] [[larva]]e.


==Species==
==Species==
{|cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
{|cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Species<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Taxon author<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Subsp.*<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range
! bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |Scientific name<ref name="ITIS" />
! bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |Taxon author<ref name="ITIS" />
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Habitat & Range
|-
|-
!Ethiopian worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops aethiopicus|L. aethiopicus]]''<ref name="RDB">"''Leptotyphlops" ''. The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
|''[[Leptotyphlops aethiopicus]]''<ref name="RDB">{{NRDB genus|genus=Leptotyphlops}}</ref>
|[[:fr:Donald George Broadley|Broadley]] & [[Van Wallach|Wallach]], 2007
|[[Donald George Broadley|Broadley]] & [[Van Wallach|Wallach]], 2007
|
|''Habitat:'' Forest, grassland
|
''Range:'' Ethiopia, Kenya<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Spawls, S. |authorlink=species:Stephen Spawls |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops aethiopicus'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T21584239A21584244 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T21584239A21584244.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops albiventer|L. albiventer]]''
|[[Jakob Hallermann|Hallermann]] & [[:fr:Mark-Oliver Rödel|Rödel]], 1995
|align="center"|0
|
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops blanfordii|L. blanfordii]]''
|(Boulenger, 1890)
|align="center"|0
|Sindh thread snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops boulengeri|L. boulengeri]]''
|([[Oskar Boettger|Boettger]], 1913)
|align="center"|0
|Manda flesh-pink blind snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops brevicaudus|L. brevicaudus]]''
|([[José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage|Bocage]], 1887)
|align="center"|0
|
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops burii|L. burii]]''
|(Boulenger, 1905)
|align="center"|0
|Arabian blind snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops cairi|L. cairi]]''
|([[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]] & [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]], 1844)
|align="center"|0
|Cairo blind snake
|


|-
|-
!Cape thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops conjunctus|L. conjunctus]]''
[[File:Leptotyphlops conjunctus.jpg|frameless]]
|''[[Leptotyphlops conjunctus]]''
|([[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1861)
|([[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1861)
|''Habitat:'' Grassland
|align="center"|3
''Range:'' South Africa (Eastern Cape Province)<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Alexander, G.J. |authorlink1=species:Graham J. Alexander |author2=Tolley, K.A. |authorlink2=species:Krystal A. Tolley |author3=Weeber, J. |authorlink3=species:Josh Weeber |author4=Conradie, W. |authorlink4=species:Werner Conradie |author5=Pietersen, D. |authorlink5=species:Darren W. Pietersen |year=2022 |amends=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops conjunctus'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979732A217536604 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979732A217536604.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|Cape thread snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops debilis|L. debilis]]''
|([[:fr:Paul Chabanaud|Chabanaud]], 1918)
|align="center"|0
|West African blind snake
|


|-
|-
!Distant's thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops distanti|L. distanti]]''
[[File:Leptotyphlops distanti.jpg|frameless]]
|(Boulenger, 1892)
|''[[Leptotyphlops distanti]]''
|align="center"|0
|([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1892)
|Distant's blind snake
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, grassland
|
''Range:'' Mozambique, South Africa (Limpopo Province, North-West Province, Mpumalanga, Gauteng)<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Alexander, G.J. |year=2022 |title=''Leptotyphlops distanti'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979746A197419772 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979746A197419772.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
|-
!Emin Pasha’s worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops drewesi|L. drewesi]]''
|''[[Leptotyphlops emini]]''
|Wallach, 1996
|align="center"|0
|Drewes's worm snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops emini|L. emini]]''
|(Boulenger, 1890)
|(Boulenger, 1890)
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, shrubland
|align="center"|0
''Range:'' The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Kusamba, C. |authorlink=species:Chifundera Kusamba |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops emini'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T21584272A21584290 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T21584272A21584290.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|Emin Pasha's worm snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops filiformis|L. filiformis]]''
|(Boulenger, 1899)
|align="center"|0
|Socotra Island blind snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops fitzingeri|L. fitzingeri]]''
|(Jan, 1861)
|align="center"|0
|
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops gestri|L. gestri]]''
|(Boulenger, 1906)
|align="center"|0
|
|


|-
|-
!Howell’s worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops gracilior|L. gracilior]]''
|''[[Leptotyphlops howelli]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|(Boulenger, 1910)
|align="center"|0
|slender thread snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops hamulirostris|L. hamulirostris]]''
|([[Alexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky|Nikolsky]], 1907)
|align="center"|0
|
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops howelli|L. howelli]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|''Habitat:'' Forest, savanna
|
''Range:'' Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Beraduccii, J. |authorlink=species:Joe Beraducci |author2=Howell, K. |authorlink2=species:Kim Monroe Howell |author3=Msuya, C.A. |authorlink3=species:Charles Andekia Msuya |author4=Ngalason, W. |authorlink4=species:Wilirk Ngalason |year=2022 |amends=2014 |title=''Leptotyphlops howelli'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979760A217807449 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979760A217807449.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|-
!Incognito thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops incognitus|L. incognitus]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
[[File:Leptotyphlops incognitus.jpg|frameless]]
|Broadley & [[Gillian Watson|Watson]], 1976
|''[[Leptotyphlops incognitus]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|
|Broadley & [[species:Gillian Watson|Watson]], 1976
|
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, grassland
|
''Range:'' Eswatini, Mozambique, South Africa (Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga), Zambia, Zimbabwe<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Alexander, G.J. |author2=Tolley, K.A. |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops incognitus'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T44979771A120635822 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T44979771A120635822.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
|-
!Jacobsen's thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops jacobseni|L. jacobseni]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
[[File:Leptotyphlops jacobseni.jpg|frameless]]
|Broadley & [[Sheila Broadley|S. Broadley]], 1999
|''[[Leptotyphlops jacobseni]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|
|Broadley & [[species:Sheila Broadley|S. Broadley]], 1999
|
|''Habitat:'' Grassland
|
''Range:'' South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga)<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Alexander, G.J. |year=2022 |title=''Leptotyphlops jacobseni'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T178203A197408045 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T178203A197408045.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
|-
!Shaba thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops kafubi|L. kafubi]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops kafubi]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|(Boulenger, 1919)
|(Boulenger, 1919)
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, artificial / terrestrial
|
''Range:'' Angola, Congo, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Kusamba, C. |author2=Zassi-Boulou, A.-G. |authorlink2=species:Ange-Ghislain Zassi-Boulou |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops kafubi'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T44979786A44979794 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T44979786A44979794.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|-
!Mount Kenya worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops keniensis|L. keniensis]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops keniensis]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|''Habitat:'' Shrubland
|
''Range:'' Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Spawls, S. |author2=Malonza, P. |authorlink2=species:Patrick Kenyatta Malonza |year=2022 |amends=2014 |title=''Leptotyphlops keniensis'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979800A217807566 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979800A217807566.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|

|
|-
|-
!Uvira worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops labialis|L. labialis]]''
|''[[Leptotyphlops latirostris]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|([[Richard Sternfeld|Sternfeld]], 1908)
|([[Richard Sternfeld|Sternfeld]], 1912)
|align="center"|0
|''Habitat:'' Savanna
|Damara thread snake
''Range:'' Burundi, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Pietersen, D. |author2=Verburgt, L. |authorlink2=species:Luke Verburgt |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops latirostris'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T124313370A124313452 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T124313370A124313452.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|

|-
|-
!Goggle-eyed worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops latirostris|L. latirostris]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
[[File:Goggle-eyed worm snake Leptotyphlops macrops.jpg|frameless]]
|(Sternfeld, 1912)
|''[[Leptotyphlops macrops]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops longicaudus|L. longicaudus]]''
|([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1854)
|align="center"|0
|long-tailed thread snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops macrops|L. macrops]]''
|Broadley & Wallach, 1996
|Broadley & Wallach, 1996
|''Habitat:'' Forest, savanna, artificial / terrestrial
|align="center"|0
''Range:'' Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Malonza, P. |author2=Spawls, S. |year=2022 |amends=2014 |title=''Leptotyphlops macrops'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979811A217807671 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979811A217807671.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|large-eyed worm snake

|
|-
|-
!Mbanja worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus|L. macrorhynchus]]''
|''[[Leptotyphlops mbanjensis]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|(Jan, 1860)
|align="center"|0
|long-nosed worm snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops macrurus|L. macrurus]]''
|(Boulenger, 1903)
|align="center"|0
|Boulenger's blind snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops mbanjensis|L. mbanjensis]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|''Habitat:'' Artificial / terrestrial
|
''Range:'' United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Howell, K. |author2=Msuya, C.A. |author3=Spawls, S. |year=2022 |amends=2014 |title=''Leptotyphlops mbanjensis'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979823A217807781 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979823A217807781.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops melanotermus|L. melanotermus]]''
|([[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1862)
|align="center"|0
|Latin American blind snake
|


|-
|-
!Merker’s thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops merkeri|L. merkeri]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops merkeri]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1909)
|([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1909)
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, shrubland, grassland, artificial / terrestrial, introduced vegetation
|
''Range:'' Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Branch, W.R. |authorlink=William Roy Branch |author2=Wagner, P. |authorlink2=species:Philipp Wagner |author3=Safari, I. |authorlink3=species:Ignas Safari |author4=Chenga, J. |authorlink4=species:Jumapili Chenga |year=2015 |title=''Leptotyphlops merkeri'' |volume=2015 |page=e.T47749549A47749558 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T47749549A47749558.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|
|


|-
|-
!Black thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops narirostris|L. narirostris]]''
[[File:Leptotyphlops nigricans.jpg|frameless]]
|(W. Peters, 1867)
|''[[Leptotyphlops nigricans]]''<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>
|align="center"|1
|([[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1839)
|
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, shrubland, grassland
|
''Range:'' South Africa (Eastern Cape Province, Western Cape)<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Alexander, G.J. |year=2022 |title=''Leptotyphlops nigricans'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979834A197419932 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979834A197419932.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
|-
!Black-tip worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops nasalis|L. nasalis]]''
|''[[Leptotyphlops nigroterminus]]''<ref name="RDB" />
|[[Edward Harrison Taylor|Taylor]], 1940
|align="center"|0
|Taylor's blind snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops natatrix|L. natatrix]]''
|([[:fr:Lars Gabriel Andersson|Andersson]], 1937)
|align="center"|0
|Gambia blind snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops nigricans|L. nigricans]]''<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>
|(Schlegel, 1839)
|align="center"|0
|black thread snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops nigroterminus|L. nigroterminus]]''<ref name="RDB" />
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, shrubland
|
''Range:'' Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Spawls, S. |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops nigroterminus'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T44979849A44979854 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T44979849A44979854.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|

|
|-
|-
!Pemba worm snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops nursii|L. nursii]]''
|([[John Anderson (zoologist)|Anderson]], 1896)
|''[[Leptotyphlops pembae]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|align="center"|0
|[[Arthur Loveridge|Loveridge]], 1941
|Nurse's blind snake
|''Habitat:'' Grassland, artificial / terrestrial
|
''Range:'' Pemba Island, Tanzania<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Spawls, S. |author2=Malonza, P. |year=2022 |amends=2014 |title=''Leptotyphlops pembae'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979860A217807882 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979860A217807882.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>

|-
|-
!Pitman’s thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops occidentalis|L. occidentalis]]''
|''[[Leptotyphlops pitmani]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|[[:fr:Vivian Frederick Maynard FitzSimons|FitzSimons]], 1962
|align="center"|0
|Western thread snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops pembae|L. pembae]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|Loveridge, 1941
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops perreti|L. perreti]]''
|[[Rolande Roux-Estève|Roux-Estève]], 1979
|align="center"|0
|
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops pitmani|L. pitmani]]'' <ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|''Habitat:'' Savanna
|
''Range:'' Kenya, Rwanda, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Wagner, P. |author2=Branch, W.R. |author3=Chenga, J. |author4=Safari, I. |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops pitmani'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T44979875A44979884 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T44979875A44979884.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|-
!N/A
|''[[Leptotyphlops pungwensis|L. pungwensis]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops pungwensis]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & Wallach, 1997
|Broadley & Wallach, 1997
|''Range:'' Mozambique<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Tolley, K.A. |author2=Conradie, W. |author3=Farooq, H. |author4=Verburgt, L. |author5=Alexander, G.J. |author6=Raimundo, A. |author7=Sardinha, C.I.V. |year=2019 |title=''Leptotyphlops pungwensis'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T44979890A44979892 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T44979890A44979892.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|

|
|
|-
|-
!Peter's thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops reticulatus|L. reticulatus]]''
[[File:Leptotyphlops scutifrons full body.jpg|frameless]]
|(Boulenger, 1906)
|''[[Leptotyphlops scutifrons]]''
|align="center"|0
|([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1854)
|reticulate blind snake
|''Habitat:'' Savanna, shrubland, grassland
|
''Range:'' Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Tolley, K.A. |author2=Alexander, G.J. |year=2021 |title=''Leptotyphlops scutifrons'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T44979898A44979907 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T44979898A44979907.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops rostratus|L. rostratus]]''
|(Bocage, 1886)
|align="center"|0
|Bocage's blind snake
|
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops scutifrons|L. scutifrons]]''
|(W. Peters, 1854)
|align="center"|0
|Peters' thread snake
|


|-
|-
!Forest thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops sylvicolus|L. sylvicolus]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
[[File:Leptotyphlops sylvicolus.jpg|frameless]]
|''[[Leptotyphlops sylvicolus]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|Broadley & Wallach, 1997
|Broadley & Wallach, 1997
|''Habitat:'' Forest, grassland
|
''Range:'' South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province)<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Alexander, G.J. |year=2022 |title=''Leptotyphlops sylvicolus'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979913A197420058 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979913A197420058.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|-
!Tello's thread snake
|''[[Leptotyphlops tanae|L. tanae]]''<ref name="RDB"/>
|''[[Leptotyphlops telloi]]''
|Broadley & Wallach, 2007
|
|
|

|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops telloi|L. telloi]]''
|Broadley & Watson, 1976
|Broadley & Watson, 1976
|''Habitat:'' Savanna
|align="center"|0
''Range:'' Eswatini, Mozambique<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Verburgt, L. |author2=Pietersen, D. |author3=Alexander, G.J. |author4=Farooq, H. |year=2022 |amends=2020 |title=''Leptotyphlops telloi'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T44979917A217541811 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979917A217541811.en |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
|Tello's thread snake
|

|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops variabilis|L. variabilis]]''
|([[:fr:Giuseppe Scortecci|Scortecci]], 1928)
|align="center"|0
|
|

|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops weyrauchi|L. weyrauchi]]''
|Orejas-Miranda, 1964
|align="center"|0
|Argentine blind snake
|
|-
|''[[Leptotyphlops wilsoni|L. wilsoni]]''
|Hahn, 1978
|align="center"|0
|Wilson's blind snake
|
|-
|}
|}
''*) Not including the nominate subspecies.''<br/>
<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>) [[Type species]].
<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>) [[Type species]].


==Taxonomy==
==References==
Two new species, ''[[Leptotyphlops breuili|L. breuili]]'' from [[Saint Lucia]] and ''[[Leptotyphlops carlae|L. carlae]]'' from the [[Caribbean]] island of [[Barbados]], were described by Hedges (2008). At only 10&nbsp;cm (4&nbsp;in), ''L. carlae'' is believed to be slightly smaller than ''[[Leptotyphlops bilineatus|L. bilineatus]]'', and thus to be the world's smallest snake.<ref name="Hed08">[[Stephen Blair Hedges|Hedges SB]] (2008). "At the lower size limit in snakes: two new species of threadsnakes (Squamata, Leptotyphlopidae, ''Leptotyphlops'') from the Lesser Antilles". ''Zootaxa'' '''1841''': 1-30. (''Leptotyphlops carlae'', new species, pp. 5-9, Figure 1A). [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/zt01841p030.pdf PDF] at [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Zootaxa]. Accessed 28 July 2008.</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of leptotyphlopid species and subspecies]]
* {{c|Leptotyphlopidae by common name}}
* {{c|Leptotyphlopidae by taxonomic synonyms}}

==References==<!-- Zootaxa1841:1. http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa1327_full.html (at "Biodiversity Features") -->
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


Line 381: Line 197:
{{Commons}}
{{Commons}}
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Leptotyphlops|date=29 August|year=2007}}
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Leptotyphlops|date=29 August|year=2007}}
* {{inaturalist taxon|32438}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2630951}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2630951}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Leptotyphlopidae]]
[[Category:Leptotyphlops| ]]
[[Category:Snake genera]]
[[Category:Snake genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Vivian Frederick Maynard FitzSimons]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Vivian Frederick Maynard FitzSimons]]

Revision as of 21:13, 16 April 2024

"Catodon" redirects here. For the catodon whale, see sperm whale.

Leptotyphlops
Leptotyphlops distanti
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Leptotyphlopidae
Genus: Leptotyphlops
Fitzinger, 1843
Synonyms[1]

Leptotyphlops is a genus of nonvenomous blind snakes, commonly known as slender blind snakes and threadsnakes,[2] in the family Leptotyphlopidae. The genus is endemic to and found throughout Africa. Eleven species have been moved to the genus Trilepida, and other species have been moved to the genera Epacrophis, Epictia, Mitophis, Myriopholis, Namibiana, Rena, Siagonodon, Tetracheilostoma, and Tricheilostoma.

Description

Most species of Leptotyphlops look much like shiny earthworms. They are generally black, grey, or blackish-brown and their scales give them a segmented appearance. Their common name comes from the fact that their eyes are greatly reduced almost to the point of uselessness, and hidden behind a protective head scale. The species which are called thread snakes are so named because of their very narrow, long bodies.

Behavior

All blind snakes including those of the genus Leptotyphlops are burrowing snakes, spending most of their time deep in loose soil, typically only emerging when it rains and they get flooded out.

Diet

The primary diet of Leptotyphlops is ant and termite larvae.

Species

Common name Scientific name[2] Taxon author[2] Habitat & Range
Ethiopian worm snake Leptotyphlops aethiopicus[3] Broadley & Wallach, 2007 Habitat: Forest, grassland

Range: Ethiopia, Kenya[4]

Cape thread snake

Leptotyphlops conjunctus (Jan, 1861) Habitat: Grassland

Range: South Africa (Eastern Cape Province)[5]

Distant's thread snake

Leptotyphlops distanti (Boulenger, 1892) Habitat: Savanna, grassland

Range: Mozambique, South Africa (Limpopo Province, North-West Province, Mpumalanga, Gauteng)[6]

Emin Pasha’s worm snake Leptotyphlops emini (Boulenger, 1890) Habitat: Savanna, shrubland

Range: The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia[7]

Howell’s worm snake Leptotyphlops howelli [3] Broadley & Wallach, 2007 Habitat: Forest, savanna

Range: Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania[8]

Incognito thread snake

Leptotyphlops incognitus[3] Broadley & Watson, 1976 Habitat: Savanna, grassland

Range: Eswatini, Mozambique, South Africa (Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga), Zambia, Zimbabwe[9]

Jacobsen's thread snake

Leptotyphlops jacobseni [3] Broadley & S. Broadley, 1999 Habitat: Grassland

Range: South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga)[10]

Shaba thread snake Leptotyphlops kafubi [3] (Boulenger, 1919) Habitat: Savanna, artificial / terrestrial

Range: Angola, Congo, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia[11]

Mount Kenya worm snake Leptotyphlops keniensis[3] Broadley & Wallach, 2007 Habitat: Shrubland

Range: Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania[12]

Uvira worm snake Leptotyphlops latirostris[3] (Sternfeld, 1912) Habitat: Savanna

Range: Burundi, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, United Republic of Tanzania[13]

Goggle-eyed worm snake

Leptotyphlops macrops Broadley & Wallach, 1996 Habitat: Forest, savanna, artificial / terrestrial

Range: Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania[14]

Mbanja worm snake Leptotyphlops mbanjensis[3] Broadley & Wallach, 2007 Habitat: Artificial / terrestrial

Range: United Republic of Tanzania[15]

Merker’s thread snake Leptotyphlops merkeri [3] (F. Werner, 1909) Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, artificial / terrestrial, introduced vegetation

Range: Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania[16]

Black thread snake

Leptotyphlops nigricansT (Schlegel, 1839) Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland

Range: South Africa (Eastern Cape Province, Western Cape)[17]

Black-tip worm snake Leptotyphlops nigroterminus[3] Broadley & Wallach, 2007 Habitat: Savanna, shrubland

Range: Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania[18]

Pemba worm snake Leptotyphlops pembae[3] Loveridge, 1941 Habitat: Grassland, artificial / terrestrial

Range: Pemba Island, Tanzania[19]

Pitman’s thread snake Leptotyphlops pitmani [3] Broadley & Wallach, 2007 Habitat: Savanna

Range: Kenya, Rwanda, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda[20]

N/A Leptotyphlops pungwensis[3] Broadley & Wallach, 1997 Range: Mozambique[21]
Peter's thread snake

Leptotyphlops scutifrons (W. Peters, 1854) Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland

Range: Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe[22]

Forest thread snake

Leptotyphlops sylvicolus[3] Broadley & Wallach, 1997 Habitat: Forest, grassland

Range: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province)[23]

Tello's thread snake Leptotyphlops telloi Broadley & Watson, 1976 Habitat: Savanna

Range: Eswatini, Mozambique[24]

T) Type species.

References

  1. ^ McDiarmid, RW; Campbell, JA; Touré, TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Vol. 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. ISBN 1-893777-01-4.
  2. ^ a b c "Leptotyphlops". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 29 August 2007.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Leptotyphlops at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
  4. ^ Spawls, S. (2021). "Leptotyphlops aethiopicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T21584239A21584244. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T21584239A21584244.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  5. ^ Alexander, G.J.; Tolley, K.A.; Weeber, J.; Conradie, W.; Pietersen, D. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops conjunctus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979732A217536604. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979732A217536604.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  6. ^ Alexander, G.J. (2022). "Leptotyphlops distanti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979746A197419772. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979746A197419772.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  7. ^ Kusamba, C. (2021). "Leptotyphlops emini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T21584272A21584290. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T21584272A21584290.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  8. ^ Beraduccii, J.; Howell, K.; Msuya, C.A.; Ngalason, W. (2022) [amended version of 2014 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops howelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979760A217807449. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979760A217807449.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  9. ^ Alexander, G.J.; Tolley, K.A. (2021). "Leptotyphlops incognitus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T44979771A120635822. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T44979771A120635822.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  10. ^ Alexander, G.J. (2022). "Leptotyphlops jacobseni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T178203A197408045. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T178203A197408045.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  11. ^ Kusamba, C.; Zassi-Boulou, A.-G. (2021). "Leptotyphlops kafubi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T44979786A44979794. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T44979786A44979794.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  12. ^ Spawls, S.; Malonza, P. (2022) [amended version of 2014 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops keniensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979800A217807566. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979800A217807566.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  13. ^ Pietersen, D.; Verburgt, L. (2021). "Leptotyphlops latirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T124313370A124313452. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T124313370A124313452.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  14. ^ Malonza, P.; Spawls, S. (2022) [amended version of 2014 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops macrops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979811A217807671. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979811A217807671.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  15. ^ Howell, K.; Msuya, C.A.; Spawls, S. (2022) [amended version of 2014 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops mbanjensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979823A217807781. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979823A217807781.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  16. ^ Branch, W.R.; Wagner, P.; Safari, I.; Chenga, J. (2015). "Leptotyphlops merkeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T47749549A47749558. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T47749549A47749558.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  17. ^ Alexander, G.J. (2022). "Leptotyphlops nigricans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979834A197419932. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979834A197419932.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  18. ^ Spawls, S. (2021). "Leptotyphlops nigroterminus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T44979849A44979854. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T44979849A44979854.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  19. ^ Spawls, S.; Malonza, P. (2022) [amended version of 2014 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops pembae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979860A217807882. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979860A217807882.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  20. ^ Wagner, P.; Branch, W.R.; Chenga, J.; Safari, I. (2021). "Leptotyphlops pitmani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T44979875A44979884. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T44979875A44979884.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  21. ^ Tolley, K.A.; Conradie, W.; Farooq, H.; Verburgt, L.; Alexander, G.J.; Raimundo, A.; Sardinha, C.I.V. (2019). "Leptotyphlops pungwensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T44979890A44979892. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T44979890A44979892.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  22. ^ Tolley, K.A.; Alexander, G.J. (2021). "Leptotyphlops scutifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T44979898A44979907. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T44979898A44979907.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  23. ^ Alexander, G.J. (2022). "Leptotyphlops sylvicolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979913A197420058. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979913A197420058.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  24. ^ Verburgt, L.; Pietersen, D.; Alexander, G.J.; Farooq, H. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Leptotyphlops telloi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44979917A217541811. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44979917A217541811.en. Retrieved 16 April 2024.

External links

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