Jump to content

LGBT symbols: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
citation changes, other small edits
AnomieBOT (talk | contribs)
Bots
6,313,479 edits
Rescuing orphaned refs ("Bendix" from rev 1045715731; "Rawles" from rev 1045715731; "Pea" from rev 1045715731)
Line 135: Line 135:
File:Double mars symbol.svg|[[Gender symbol#Sociology|Double male symbol]]<br />(represents Gay men)
File:Double mars symbol.svg|[[Gender symbol#Sociology|Double male symbol]]<br />(represents Gay men)
File:Whitehead-link-alternative-sexuality-symbol.svg|Interlocking [[Gender symbol|gender symbols]]<br />
File:Whitehead-link-alternative-sexuality-symbol.svg|Interlocking [[Gender symbol|gender symbols]]<br />
File:Labrys-symbol.svg|[[Labrys#Social movement|Labrys]]<br />(represents Lesbian feminism)<ref name=Zimmerman-symbols /><ref name=Pea /><ref name=Myers-205>{{cite book|last1=Myers |first1=JoAnne |title=Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage |year=2003 |edition=1st |page=156 |publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]] |location=Lanham, Maryland |lccn=2002156624 |isbn=978-0810845060 |url=https://archive.org/details/tozlesbianlibera00myer/page/156/mode/2up |url-access=limited}}</ref>
File:Labrys-symbol.svg|[[Labrys#Social movement|Labrys]]<br />(represents Lesbian feminism)<ref name=Zimmerman-symbols /><ref name=Pea>{{cite web|last1=Pea|first1=Georgie|title=LABRYS Tool of Lesbian Feminism|url=http://findinglesbians.blogspot.com/2013/08/labrys-tool-of-lesbian-feminism.html|website=Finding Lesbians|date=9 August 2013|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref><ref name=Myers-205>{{cite book|last1=Myers |first1=JoAnne |title=Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage |year=2003 |edition=1st |page=156 |publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]] |location=Lanham, Maryland |lccn=2002156624 |isbn=978-0810845060 |url=https://archive.org/details/tozlesbianlibera00myer/page/156/mode/2up |url-access=limited}}</ref>
File:Lambda-letter-lowercase-symbol-Garamond.svg|[[Lambda#Lower-case letter λ|Lambda]]<br />(represents Gay Liberation)
File:Lambda-letter-lowercase-symbol-Garamond.svg|[[Lambda#Lower-case letter λ|Lambda]]<br />(represents Gay Liberation)
File:Pansexual symbol.PNG|[[Pansexual pride flag|Pansexual symbol]]
File:Pansexual symbol.PNG|[[Pansexual pride flag|Pansexual symbol]]
Line 158: Line 158:
|Genderqueer flag-pride.svg|[[Genderqueer#Symbols|Genderqueer]]<ref name=Alatalo />
|Genderqueer flag-pride.svg|[[Genderqueer#Symbols|Genderqueer]]<ref name=Alatalo />
|Intersex flag.svg|[[Intersex flag|Intersex]]
|Intersex flag.svg|[[Intersex flag|Intersex]]
|Labrys_Lesbian_Flag.svg|[[Labrys]] [[lesbian flag]]<br>(1999)<ref name=Bendix>{{cite web|last1=Bendix|first1=Trish|title=Why don't lesbians have a pride flag of our own?|url=https://www.afterellen.com/people/452039-dont-lesbians-pride-flag|website=[[AfterEllen]]|date=September 8, 2015|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909150736/https://www.afterellen.com/people/452039-dont-lesbians-pride-flag|archive-date=September 9, 2015}}</ref>
|Labrys_Lesbian_Flag.svg|[[Labrys]] [[lesbian flag]]<br>(1999)<ref name="Bendix" />
|File:Lesbian Pride pink flag.svg|Lesbian<br>(creation year unknown)
|File:Lesbian Pride pink flag.svg|Lesbian<br>(creation year unknown)
|Lesbian pride flag 2018.svg|Lesbian<br>(2018)<!--The original creator of this design is not the Tumblr blogger that was at first credited with its creation in 2018.-->
|Lesbian pride flag 2018.svg|Lesbian<br>(2018)<!--The original creator of this design is not the Tumblr blogger that was at first credited with its creation in 2018.-->
Line 171: Line 171:
{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=60
{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=60
|Bear Brotherhood flag.svg|[[Bear flag (gay culture)|Bear Brotherhood]]
|Bear Brotherhood flag.svg|[[Bear flag (gay culture)|Bear Brotherhood]]
|Leather,_Latex,_and_BDSM_pride_-_Light.svg|[[Leather Pride flag]]<ref name=Rawles>{{cite news|last1=Rawles|first1=Timothy|title=The many flags of the LGBT community|url=https://sdgln.com/social/2019/07/12/many-flags-lgbt-community|work=[[San Diego Gay & Lesbian News]]|date=July 12, 2019|accessdate=3 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712231000/https://sdgln.com/social/2019/07/12/many-flags-lgbt-community|archive-date=July 12, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|Leather,_Latex,_and_BDSM_pride_-_Light.svg|[[Leather Pride flag]]<ref name=Rawles />
|Lipstick lesbian flag.svg|[[Lipstick lesbian]] flag<ref name=Rawles /><!--Lipstick flag file is not the original design. It is a copy with the kiss graphic modified.-->
|Lipstick lesbian flag.svg|[[Lipstick lesbian]] flag<ref name=Rawles /><!--Lipstick flag file is not the original design. It is a copy with the kiss graphic modified.-->
}}
}}

Revision as of 00:30, 27 September 2021

Part of the LGBT series
LGBT symbols
      
Symbols
Pride flags
Part of a series on
LGBT topics
      
Sexual orientation and gender
History
General
Identities
Culture
Rights
Health
Social attitudes
Issues
Academic fields and discourse
LGBT portal

Over the course of its history, the LGBT community has adopted certain symbols for self-identification to demonstrate unity, pride, shared values, and allegiance to one another. These symbols communicate ideas, concepts, and identity both within their communities and to mainstream culture. The two symbols most recognized internationally are the pink triangle and the rainbow flag.

Letters and glyphs

Gender symbols

Further information on sex and gender symbols: Gender symbol § Sociology

The female and male gender symbols are derived from the astronomical symbols for the planets Venus and Mars respectively. In modern science, the singular symbol for Venus is used to represent the female sex, and singular symbol for Mars is used to represent the male sex.[1]

Lesbian and gay interlocked gender sex symbols

Two interlocking female symbols (⚢) represent a lesbian or the lesbian community, and two interlocking male symbols (⚣) a gay male or the gay male community.[2][3] These symbols first appeared in the 1970s.[3]

The symbols for the female (♀) and male (♂), combined around a circle (⚧) is used to represent transgender people.[4][5]

Lambda

In 1970, graphic designer Tom Doerr selected the lower-case Greek letter lambda (λ) to be the symbol of the New York chapter of the Gay Activists Alliance.[6][7] The alliance's literature states that Doerr chose the symbol specifically for its denotative meaning in the context of chemistry and physics: "a complete exchange of energy–that moment or span of time witness to absolute activity".[6]

The lambda became associated with Gay Liberation,[8][9] and in December 1974, it was officially declared the international symbol for gay and lesbian rights by the International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland.[10] The gay rights organization Lambda Legal and the American Lambda Literary Foundation derive their names from this symbol.

Plants and animals

See also: Language of flowers

Green carnation

Green carnation

In 19th-century England, green indicated homosexual affiliations, as popularized by gay author Oscar Wilde, who often wore one on his lapel.[11][12]

Lavender rhinoceros

See also: Lavender Mafia

Daniel Thaxton and Bernie Toale created a lavender rhinoceros symbol for a public ad campaign to increase visibility for gay people in Boston helmed by Gay Media Action-Advertising; Toale said they chose a rhinoceros because “it is a much maligned and misunderstood animal” and that it was lavender because that is a mix of pink and blue, making it a symbolic merger of the feminine and masculine. However, in May 1974, Metro Transit Advertising said its lawyers could not "determine eligibility of the public service rate" for the lavender rhinoceros ads, which tripled the cost of the ad campaign. Gay Media Action challenged this, but were unsuccessful. The lavender rhinoceros symbol was seen on signs, pins, and t-shirts at the Boston Pride Parade later in 1974, and a life-sized papier-mâché lavender rhinoceros was part of the parade. Money was raised for the ads, and they began running on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's Green Line by December 3, 1974, and ran there until February 1975. The lavender rhinoceros continued as a symbol of the gay community, appearing at the 1976 Boston Pride Parade and on a flag that was raised at Boston City Hall in 1987.[13]

Sweet flag

Sweet flag plant

According to some interpretations, American poet Walt Whitman used the sweet flag plant to represent homoerotic love.[14]

Unicorns

Unicorn in Portland Pride, 2017

Unicorns have become a symbol of LGBT culture due to earlier associations between the animal and rainbows being extended to the rainbow flag created in 1978 by Gilbert Baker.[15]

Violets

Violets and their color became a special code used by lesbians and bisexual women.[16][17][18] The symbolism of the flower derives from several fragments of poems by Sappho in which she describes a lover wearing garlands or a crown with violets.[19][20] In 1926, the play La Prisonnière by Édouard Bourdet used a bouquet of violets to signify lesbian love.[21] When the play became subject to censorship, many Parisian lesbians wore violets to demonstrate solidarity with its lesbian subject matter.[22]

Triangle badges of the Third Reich

Main articles: Pink triangle and Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany

One of the oldest of these symbols is the downward-pointing pink triangle that male homosexuals in Nazi concentration camps were required to wear on their clothing. The badge is one of several badges that internees wore to identify what kind of prisoners they were.[23] Many of the estimated 5,000–15,000 gay men and lesbians imprisoned in concentration camps died during the Holocaust.[24] The pink triangle was later reclaimed by gay men, as well as some lesbians, in various political movements as a symbol of personal pride and remembrance.[25][26] AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT-UP) adopted the downward-pointing pink triangle to symbolize the "active fight back" against HIV/AIDS "rather than a passive resignation to fate."[27]

The pink triangle was used exclusively with male prisoners, as lesbians were not included under Paragraph 175, a statute which made homosexual acts between males a crime. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) stipulates that this was because women were seen as subordinate to men, and the Nazi state did not feel that homosexual women presented the same threat to masculinity as homosexual men. According to USHMM, many women were arrested and imprisoned for "asocial" behavior, a classification applied to those who did not conform to the Nazi ideal of a woman's role: cooking, cleaning, kitchen work, child raising, and passivity. Asocial women were tagged with an downward-pointing black triangle.[28] Many lesbians reclaimed this symbol for themselves as gay men reclaimed the pink triangle.[26]

Pink Triangle Black Triangle Pink & Yellow Triangles
The downward-pointing pink triangle used to identify homosexual men in the concentration camps. The downward-pointing black triangle used to mark individuals considered "asocial". The category included homosexual women, nonconformists, sex workers, nomads, Romani, and others. The downward-pointing pink triangle overlapping a yellow triangle was used to single out male homosexual prisoners who were Jewish.

Other symbols

Symbols of the LGBT community have been used to represent members' unity, pride, shared values, and allegiance to one another.

Ace ring

Ace ring

A black ring (also known as an ace ring) worn on the middle finger of one's right hand is a way asexual people signify their asexuality. The ring is deliberately worn in a similar manner as one would a wedding ring to symbolize marriage. Use of the symbol began in 2005.[29][30]

Ace cards

Due to the phonetic shortening from asexual to ace, ace playing cards are sometimes used to represent asexuality. The ace of hearts and ace of spades are used to symbolize romantic asexuality and aromantic asexuality respectively.[31] Likewise, the ace of clubs is used to symbolize gray asexuality and gray aromantics, and the ace of diamonds is used to symbolize demi-romantics and demisexuals.[32]

Blue feather

In the Society for Creative Anachronism, LGBT members often wear a dark blue feather to indicate an affiliation with Clan Blue Feather, a group of SCA members promoting the study of LGBT culture and people in the Middle Ages.[33] Because of this affiliation, blue feathers have also been used at some Renaissance Faires and Pagan events.

Freedom rings

Freedom rings, designed by David Spada and released in 1991, are six aluminum rings, each in one of the colors of the rainbow flag. Symbolizing happiness and diversity, these rings are worn by themselves or as part of necklaces, bracelets, and key chains.[34] They are sometimes referred to as "Fruit Loops".[35]

Handkerchief code

Main article: Handkerchief code
Handkerchiefs worn in back pockets communicate sexual interests

In some New York City gay circles of the early 20th century, gay men wore a red necktie or bow tie as a subtle signal.[36] In the 1970s, the handkerchief (or hanky) code emerged in the form of bandanas, worn in back pockets, in colors that signaled sexual interests, fetishes, and if the wearer was a "top" or "bottom".[37][38]

High five

There are many origin stories of the high five,[39] but the two most documented candidates are Dusty Baker and Glenn Burke of the Los Angeles Dodgers professional baseball team on October 2, 1977, and Wiley Brown and Derek Smith of the Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team during the 1978–1979 season.[40][41] In any case, after retiring from baseball, Burke, who was one of the first openly gay professional athletes, used the high five with other gay residents of the Castro district of San Francisco, where for many it became a symbol of gay pride and identification.[40]

Purple hand

See also: Lavender Mafia

On October 31, 1969, sixty members of the Gay Liberation Front, the Committee for Homosexual Freedom (CHF), and the Gay Guerilla Theatre group staged a protest outside the offices of the San Francisco Examiner in response to a series of news articles disparaging people in San Francisco's gay bars and clubs.[42][43] The peaceful protest against the Examiner turned tumultuous and was later called "Friday of the Purple Hand" and "Bloody Friday of the Purple Hand".[42][44][45][46] Examiner employees "dumped a barrel of printers' ink on the crowd from the roof of the newspaper building", according to glbtq.com.[47] Some reports state that it was a barrel of ink poured from the roof of the building.[48] The protestors "used the ink to scrawl slogans on the building walls" and slap purple hand prints "throughout downtown [San Francisco]" resulting in "one of the most visible demonstrations of gay power" according to the Bay Area Reporter.[42][45][44] According to Larry LittleJohn, then president of Society for Individual Rights, "At that point, the tactical squad arrived – not to get the employees who dumped the ink, but to arrest the demonstrators. Somebody could have been hurt if that ink had gotten into their eyes, but the police were knocking people to the ground."[42] The accounts of police brutality include women being thrown to the ground and protesters' teeth being knocked out.[42][49] Inspired by Black Hand extortion methods of Camorra gangsters and the Mafia,[50] some gay and lesbian activists attempted to institute "purple hand" as a warning to stop anti-gay attacks, but with little success.[citation needed] In Turkey, the LGBT rights organization MorEl Eskişehir LGBTT Oluşumu (Purple Hand Eskişehir LGBT Formation), also bears the name of this symbol.[51]

White Knot

A White Knot

The White Knot is a symbol of support for same-sex marriage in the United States. The White Knot combines two symbols of marriage, the color white and "tying the knot" to represent support for same-sex marriage.[52] The White Knot has been worn publicly by many celebrities as a means of demonstrating solidarity with that cause.[53]

The White Knot was created by Frank Voci in November 2008, in response to the passage of Proposition 8 in California and bans on same-sex marriage and denial of other civil rights for LGBT persons across the nation.[54]

Flags

The rainbow flag, created in 1978, is the most commonly used pride flag.
These paragraphs are an excerpt from Pride flag.[edit]

A pride flag is any flag that represents a segment or part of the LGBT community. Pride in this case refers to the notion of LGBT pride. The terms LGBT flag and queer flag are often used interchangeably.[55]

Pride flags can represent various sexual orientations, romantic orientations, gender identities, subcultures, and regional purposes, as well as the LGBT community as a whole. There are also some pride flags that are not exclusively related to LGBT matters, such as the flag for leather subculture. The rainbow flag, which represents the entire LGBT community, is the most widely used pride flag.

Numerous communities have embraced distinct flags, with a majority drawing inspiration from the rainbow flag. These flags are often created by amateur designers and later gain traction online or within affiliated organizations, ultimately attaining a semi-official status as a symbolic representation of the community. Typically, these flags incorporate a range of colors that symbolize different aspects of the associated communities.

Gallery

Symbols

Flags

Main article: Pride flag § Gallery

These flags represent various sexual orientations, romantic orientations, gender identities, subcultures, and regional purposes.

Subculture flags

Location-based flags

See also

References

  1. ^ Melissa (May 8, 2015). "The Origin of the Male and Female Symbols". Today I Found Out. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  2. ^ a b c Zimmerman, Bonnie, ed. (2000). "Symbols (by Christy Stevens)". Lesbian Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 (Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures) (1st ed.). Garland Publishing. p. 748. ISBN 0-8153-1920-7.
  3. ^ a b "Symbols of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Movements". lambda.org. LAMBDA GLBT Community Services. December 26, 2004. Archived from the original on December 30, 2005. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  4. ^ "Transgender Symbol". GenderTalk. July 1994.
  5. ^ "History of Transgender Symbolism". International Transgender Historical Society (ITHS). 2015.
  6. ^ a b Rapp, Linda (2004). "Gay Activists Alliance" (PDF). glbtq.com.
  7. ^ "1969, The Year of Gay Liberation". The New York Public Library. June 2009. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  8. ^ Goodwin, Joseph P. (1989). "It Takes One to Know One". More Man Than You'll Ever Be: Gay Folklore and Acculturation in Middle America. Indiana University Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-0253338938.
  9. ^ Rapp, Linda (2003). "Symbols" (PDF). glbtq.com.
  10. ^ Haggerty, George E., ed. (2000). Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia (Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures, Volume II) (1 ed.). London: Garland Publishing. p. 529. ISBN 0-8153-1880-4. OCLC Number: 750790369
  11. ^ Stetz, Margaret D. (Winter 2000). Oscar Wilde at the Movies: British Sexual Politics and The Green Carnation (1960); Biography – Volume 23, Number 1, Winter 2000, pp. 90–107. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
  12. ^ Curiosities of Literature by John Sutherland (2011, ISBN 1-61608-074-4), pp. 73-76.
  13. ^ Gray, Arielle (June 3, 2019). "How A Lavender Rhino Became A Symbol Of Gay Resistance In '70s Boston". WBUR-FM. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  14. ^ Herrero-Brasas, Juan A. (2010). Walt Whitman's Mystical Ethics of Comradeship: Homosexuality and the Marginality of Friendship at the Crossroads of Modernity. SUNY. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-4384-3011-9.
  15. ^ Fisher, Alice (2017-10-15). "Why the unicorn has become the emblem for our times | Alice Fisher". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
  16. ^ "Gay Symbols Through the Ages". The Alyson Almanac: A Treasury of Information for the Gay and Lesbian Community. Boston, Massachusetts: Alyson Publications. 1989. p. 100. ISBN 0-932870-19-8.
  17. ^ Myers, JoAnne (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage (1st ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. p. 242. ISBN 978-0810845060. LCCN 2002156624.
  18. ^ Horak, Laura (2016). "Lesbians Take Center Stage: The Captive (1926-1928)". Girls Will Be Boys: Cross-Dressed Women, Lesbians, and American Cinema, 1908-1934. Rutgers University Press. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-0-8135-7483-7.
  19. ^ Collecott, Diana (1999). H.D. and Sapphic Modernism 1910-1950 (1st ed.). Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 216. ISBN 0-521-55078-5.
  20. ^ Fantham, Elaine; Foley, Helene Peet; Kampen, Natalie Boymel; Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Shapiro, H. A. (1994). Women in the Classical World: Image and Text (1st ed.). New York, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-19-506727-9.
  21. ^ Cohen-Stratyner, Barbara (January 14, 2014). "Violets and Vandamm". New York Public Library. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  22. ^ Sova, Dawn B. (2004). "The Captive". Banned Plays: Censorship Histories of 125 Stage Dramas (1st ed.). New York, New York: Facts On File. pp. 37–40. ISBN 0-8160-4018-4.
  23. ^ Plant, Richard (1988). The pink triangle: the Nazi war against homosexuals (revised ed.). H. Holt. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-8050-0600-1.
  24. ^ "Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals 1933-1945". Ushmm.org. Archived from the original on 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
  25. ^ Stier, Oren Baruch (2015). Holocaust Icons: Symbolizing the Shoah in History and Memory. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813574059.
  26. ^ a b Elman, R. Amy. "Triangles and Tribulations: The Politics of Nazi Symbols". Remember.org. Retrieved December 10, 2016. (Originally published in the Journal of Homosexuality, 1996, 30 (3): pp.1–11, doi:10.1300/J082v30n03_01, ISSN 0091-8369)
  27. ^ Cage, Ken; Evans, Moyra (2003-01-01). Gayle: The Language of Kinks and Queens : a History and Dictionary of Gay Language in South Africa. Jacana Media. ISBN 9781919931494.
  28. ^ "Lesbians and the Third Reich". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  29. ^ Chasin, CJ DeLuzio (2013). "Reconsidering Asexuality and Its Radical Potential" (PDF). Feminist Studies. 39 (2): 405–426. ISSN 0046-3663.
  30. ^ Besanvalle, James (31 July 2018). "Here's a handy way to tell if someone you meet is asexual". Gay Star News. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  31. ^ Julie Sondra Decker (2015). The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781510700642. Retrieved 21 January 2020.[page needed]
  32. ^ "Introduction to Asexual Identities & Resource Guide". campuspride.org. July 28, 2014. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  33. ^ "Clan Blue Feather". Bluefeather.org. Retrieved 2018-06-28.
  34. ^ Van Gelder, Lindsy (1992-06-21). "Thing; Freedom Rings". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-07-21.
  35. ^ Green, Jonathon (2006). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 0-304-36636-6. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
  36. ^ Chauncey, George (1994). Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-465-02633-3.
  37. ^ "Do You Know the Hanky Code?". Gay Desert Guide. May 22, 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  38. ^ Kacala, Alexander (April 25, 2019). "The Handkerchief Code, According to 'Bob Damron's Address Book' in 1980". The Saint Foundation. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  39. ^ Brigham, Bob (June 17, 2003). "The Man Who Invented the High-Five". SB Nation. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  40. ^ a b Mooallem, Jon (May 22, 2020). "The wild, mysterious history of sports' most enduring gesture: the high five". ESPN. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  41. ^ Garcia, Michelle (April 19, 2018). "The Gay History of the High Five". The Advocate. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  42. ^ a b c d e Alwood, Edward (1996). Straight News: Gays, Lesbians, and the News Media. Columbia University Press. p. 94. ISBN 0-231-08436-6. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
  43. ^
  44. ^ a b ""Gay Power" Politics". GLBTQ, Inc. 30 March 2006. Retrieved January 1, 2008.[dead link]
  45. ^ a b Van Buskirk, Jim (March 20, 2006). "Gay Media Comes of Age". Bay Area Reporter. Vol. 36. p. 13.
  46. ^
  47. ^ Stryker, Susan (2004). "San Francisco". glbtq.com. p. 2. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  48. ^ Montanarelli, Lisa; Harrison, =Ann (2005). Strange But True San Francisco: Tales of the City by the Bay. Globe Pequot. ISBN 0-7627-3681-X. Retrieved January 1, 2008.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  49. ^ Alwood, Edward (24 April 1974). "Newspaper Series Surprises Activists". The Advocate. ISBN 9780231084376. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
  50. ^ Nash, Jay Robert (1993). World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80535-9.
  51. ^ "MorEl Eskişehir LGBTT Oluşumu". Moreleskisehir.blogspot.com. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
  52. ^ "Lapel watch: White ribbon for equality? Knot, really". latimesblogs.latimes.com. 26 February 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  53. ^
  54. ^ "About White Knot". WhiteKnot. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  55. ^ Sobel, Ariel (June 13, 2018). "The Complete Guide to Queer Pride Flags". The Advocate. Archived from the original on February 9, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  56. ^ Koymasky, Matt; Koymasky Andrej (14 August 2006). "Gay Symbols: Other Miscellaneous Symbols". Retrieved 18 February 2007.
  57. ^ Pea, Georgie (9 August 2013). "LABRYS Tool of Lesbian Feminism". Finding Lesbians. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  58. ^ Myers, JoAnne (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage (1st ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-0810845060. LCCN 2002156624.
  59. ^ a b c Alatalo, Rachel (August 7, 2017). "Flags of the LGBTIQ Community". OutRight Action International.
  60. ^ "Aromantic Flag". Majestic Mess. November 2018.
  61. ^ Becher), diverent2 (Maxi. "Bigender Pride Flag | Prideflags.info". prideflags.info. Retrieved 2021-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  62. ^ "Bigender Flag – What Does It Represent?". Symbol Sage. 2020-08-26. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
  63. ^ "What is Demisexuality?". Demisexuality Resource Center. 2015. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  64. ^ "LGBTQ+ Pride Flags and What They Stand For". Volvo Group. 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  65. ^ Bendix, Trish (September 8, 2015). "Why don't lesbians have a pride flag of our own?". AfterEllen. Archived from the original on September 9, 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  66. ^ "Pride Flags". TriPrideTN. August 24, 2018.
  67. ^ a b Rawles, Timothy (July 12, 2019). "The many flags of the LGBT community". San Diego Gay & Lesbian News. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  68. ^ Owens, Ernest (June 8, 2017). "Philly's Pride Flag to Get Two New Stripes: Black and Brown". Philadelphia. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
  69. ^ Grange, Helen (31 January 2011). "Coming out is risky business". Independent Online. Retrieved 4 July 2019.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to LGBT symbols.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBT_symbols&oldid=1046694023"