Pickering Castle: Difference between revisions

Pickering Castle
Pickering Castle
Pickering, North Yorkshire, England
	Defensive wall and tower of Pickering castle
Coordinates	54°15′0″N 0°46′32″W / 54.25000°N 0.77556°W
Grid reference	SE7984
Type	Motte and Bailey castle
Site information
Owner	English Heritage
Website	Pickering Castle

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Revision as of 21:15, 29 February 2024

Pickering Castle is a motte-and-bailey fortification in Pickering, North Yorkshire, England. The original castle was made of timber, and the later stone castle was a temporary prison for Richard II in 1399.

Design

Pickering Castle was originally a timber and earth motte and bailey castle. It was developed into a stone motte and bailey castle which had a stone shell keep. The current inner ward was originally the bailey, and was built between 1180 and 1187.^[1] The keep was developed into a stone shell keep sometime during the years 1216 to 1236 along with the chapel – there is a reconstruction of the chapel at the site. Between the years 1323 and 1326 there was an outer ward and curtain wall built, along with three towers. There were also two ditches, one situated outside of the curtain wall and one in the outer ward. After this a gatehouse, ovens, hall and the storehouses were built. The castle is situated in the Vale of Pickering and has a considerably steep cliff on the west side which would have been a great defensive attribute.

History

The original structure was built by the Normans under William the Conqueror in 1069–1070. This early building included the large, central mound (the motte), the outer palisades (enclosing the bailey) and internal buildings, notably the keep on top of the motte. Ditches were also dug to make assault on the walls difficult. The main purpose of the castle at this time was to maintain control of the area after the Harrying of the North.

Its remains are particularly well-preserved because it is one of only a few castles which were largely unaffected by the 15th-century Wars of the Roses and the English Civil War of the 17th century. When Richard II of England was deposed as king, he was held prisoner in the castle (c. 1399) until his removal to Pontefract.^[2]

In 1926, the Ministry of Works (the predecessor of English Heritage) took possession of the castle. It is a Scheduled Monument^[3] and open to the public.

References

^ Pevsner, Nikolaus, Sir (2002). Yorkshire, the North Riding. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 284. ISBN 0300096658.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Clark 2008, p. 356.
^ Historic England. "Pickering Castle: 11th century motte and bailey castle and 13th century shell keep castle (1009884)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 November 2013.

Sources

Clark, George Thomas (2008) [1873]. "Pickering Castle". The Archaeological Journal. 30. Royal Archaeological Institute. doi:10.5284/1067430. ISSN 0066-5983.
Page, William, ed. (1968). The Victoria history of the county of York, North Riding volume two. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall for the University of London Institute of Historical Research. ISBN 0712903100.

External links

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[1] Pevsner, Nikolaus, Sir (2002). Yorkshire, the North Riding. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 284. ISBN 0300096658.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[FOOTNOTEClark2008356-2] Clark 2008, p. 356.

[3] Historic England. "Pickering Castle: 11th century motte and bailey castle and 13th century shell keep castle (1009884)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 November 2013.

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 The original structure was built by the [[Normans]] under [[William I of England|William the Conqueror]] in 1069–1070. This early building included the large, central mound (the motte), the outer palisades (enclosing the bailey) and internal buildings, notably the keep on top of the motte. Ditches were also dug to make assault on the walls difficult. The main purpose of the castle at this time was to maintain control of the area after the [[Harrying of the North]].
-Its remains are particularly well-preserved because it is one of only a few castles which were largely unaffected by the 15th-century [[Wars of the Roses]] and the [[English Civil War]] of the 17th century. When [[Richard II of England]] was deposed as king, he was held prisoner in the castle ({{circa|1399}}) until his removal to Pontefract.
+Its remains are particularly well-preserved because it is one of only a few castles which were largely unaffected by the 15th-century [[Wars of the Roses]] and the [[English Civil War]] of the 17th century. When [[Richard II of England]] was deposed as king, he was held prisoner in the castle ({{circa|1399}}) until his removal to Pontefract.{{sfn|Clark|2008|p=356}}
 In 1926, the [[Ministry of Works (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Works]] (the predecessor of [[English Heritage]]) took possession of the castle. It is a [[Scheduled Monument]]<ref>{{NHLE|num=1009884|desc=Pickering Castle: 11th century motte and bailey castle and 13th century shell keep castle|access-date=13 November 2013}}</ref> and open to the public.

v t e England - Castles in North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire	Ayton Bolton Burton in Lonsdale Buttercrambe Cawood Crayke Duffield Castle Gatherley Gilling Helmsley Hornby Kilton Knaresborough Malton Middleham Mulgrave Northallerton Pickering Ravensworth Richmond Scarborough Sheriff Hutton Skelton Skipton Snape South Cowton Spofforth Thirsk Topcliffe Upsall Whorlton Wilton York
Also See: Castles in England