Mulgrave Castle

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Mulgrave Castle is the name of three buildings on the same property in Lythe at Whitby in the English county of Yorkshire . According to legend, the “old castle” was built by Wada , a ruler of Hälsingland in the 6th century. The second castle, Caput of the Barony of Mulgrave, was a Norman construction and remained until it was destroyed by Parliament in 1647. The third building is a country house ( 54 ° 30 ′ 4.3 ″  N , 0 ° 41 ′ 31.9 ″  W ) that Lady Catherine Darnley had built and which passed to the Phipps family by marriage in 1718 as their daughter, Lady Catherine Annesley who married William Phipps . The Phipps family later received the titles of Baron Mulgrave , Earl of Mulgrave and Marquess of Normanby .

history

Old castle

The Handbook for Travelers in Yorkshire and for Residents in the County mentions that Wada , the ruler of Hälsingland, had the old castle built. John Leland reports in his Itineraries around 1545 on various local legends which state that Wada was a giant who built many castles and roads in Yorkshire.

Second castle

Ruins of the Norman Mulgrave Castle

A second castle, which took up the entire width of the range of hills, appears to be of Norman origin, probably built at the behest of Nigel Fossard († approx. 1120), who received the property after the Norman conquest of England . Fossard is registered in the Domesday Book of 1086 as the holder of 114 manors, all in Yorkshire. Among them is also under Robert, Count of Mortain that of "Grif", who was identified as Mulgrave in the Harde of Langbaurgh . In 1088 he himself became the chief feudal man of the king and holder of the great barony, whose caput was in Mulgrave, also called the Barony of Mulgrave, which according to the Cartae Baronum 1166 was worth 33½ Knight's fees . The main entrance was to the west and was flanked by two stone towers. Moats prevented access from the east and limited access from the west to a drawbridge . Different elevations ensured that the curtain wall is bulged outwardly and with buttresses had to be supported. Some of the bricks in this building are clearly from Roman times.

De Mauleys coat of arms: gold, with black bars , as drawn by John Guillim in his Display of Heraldry of 1610.
Mauley Cross, one mile north of Stape, 13 miles south of Mulgrave Castle. The cross is obviously a boundary marker put up by the Mauley family, possibly in connection with the grazing rights of the Barons of Mulgrave.

Nigel Fossard's son Robert died around 1135, Robert's son William I died around 1170. He left behind a son, William II. , Who died in 1195 and left as heiress Joan who left the barony and the castle by marriage to her husband, Robert of Thornham († 1211) transferred. Her only surviving child and heiress was Isabel of Thornham , who transferred the barony and castle to her husband Peter de Maulay († 1241) by marriage , to whom it had been promised by King John Ohneland when the barony fell back . De Maulay was a native of Poitou , whose marriage to this wealthy heiress would have been the reward for his 1203 murder of Prince Arthur , the son of John's older brother, who threatened to succeed King John on the English throne. He was governor of Corfe Castle in Dorset , where he guarded the imprisoned Eleanor , Prince Arthur's sister. Peter I. de Maulay's heir was Peter de Maulay II (around 1226-1279), Joan de Brus († 1243), one of the five sisters of Peter III. de Brus got married. This one, Baron of Skelton , was his brother-in-law, having married his sister, Hilary de Maulay . In the time of Peter II, the barony was required to provide the king with two knights in wartime when the king was present for 40 days a year. The heir of Peter de Maulay II was Peter Mauley, 1st Baron Mauley († 1308), Nicole von Gent († before 1302), sister and co-heir (1/3 share) of Gilbert V von Gent († 1298), Baron von Folkingham in Lincolnshire, married. Peter Mauley was appointed to the English Parliament by Writ of Summons on June 23, 1296 , making him hereditary Baron de Maulay . Peter Mauley's seal can be seen as one of 72 appended to the Barons' Letter to the Pope, which was signed in the Lincoln Parliament in January 1301, and shows him on the reverse in the pose customary for Siegel at the time, like a sword and holding a shield legs apart from his galloping horse, the laps of his overcoat being thrown back by the wind. His coat of arms in the heater-shaped escutcheon shows a band with a field, damascus with scrollwork, which is drawn as worn by him on the Falkirk scroll from 1298 as: gold with black stripes . His heir was Peter Mauley, 2nd Baron Mauley († 1348). William Camden argues that the first Peter de Maulay was followed by seven others.

The castle fell to Sir John Bigod (approx. 1376–1426 / 1427) from Settrington (Yorkshire), with his marriage to Constance de Maulay (approx. 1385–15.12.1450), eldest daughter and co-heir of Peter VII. De Maulay ( † 1378), whose son Peter VIII. De Maulay died in 1415 without heirs, whereby the title of Baron de Mauley expired by decree. Bigod was fifth in the succession of Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk († 1225).

The property fell by marriage to Dorothy Bigod at the Radcliffe and finally in 1625 to Lord Edmund Sheffield of Butterwick , who later became King I. Charles the Earl of Mulgrave was appointed. There is evidence that the Fossards' original facility has been modernized and modified several times by subsequent owners. During the English Civil War the castle was garrisoned by royalists . After the civil war, the castle was demolished in 1647 by order of parliament; the location of the bricks from this demolition suggests that gunpowder was used for this purpose.

Today's country house

The third building, a crenellated country house, was built by Catherine Darnley , Duchess of Buckingham, illegitimate daughter of King James II and then wife of John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby . The estate fell to the Phipps family in 1718 when the Duchess' daughter, Lady Catherine Annesley , married William Phipps . A summer house was also built on the property, according to legend, on the spot where William de Percy founded a hermitage in 1150. In 1858 Duleep Singh , the last Maharajah of Punjab , leased the country house.

Today the estate is owned by Constantine Phipps, 5th Marquess of Normanby . In 2003, supermodel Elle Macpherson leased 65 square kilometers of what is considered to be one of England's finest hunting grounds and the right to use Mulgrave Castle for the four month hunting season.

Individual references and comments

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Richard John King, John (Firm) Murray, WM Williams: Handbook for Travelers in Yorkshire: And for Residents in the County . J. Murray. 1882. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  2. ↑ Ian J. Sanders: English Baronies, A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327 . Oxford 1960. Chapter: Mulgrave . P. 66.
  3. ^ A b c d John Leyland, Alfred Dawson, Lancelot Speed: The Yorkshire Coast and the Cleveland Hills and Dales . Seeley and Co., Limited. S. 59, 1892. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  4. ^ A b John Burke: A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland . Pp. 342-346: de Mauley . Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  5. ↑ Ian J. Sanders: English Baronies, A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327 . Oxford 1960. Chapter: Mulgrave . P. 77.
  6. ↑ Ian J. Sanders: English Baronies, A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327 . Oxford 1960. Chapter: Mulgrave . P. 67. Footnote 2.
  7. ↑ Ian J. Sanders: English Baronies, A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327 . Oxford 1960. Chapter: Mulgrave . P. 46.
  8. ^ De Mauley Chart: A Portion of the De Mauley Family . www.maulefamily.com . Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  9. ↑ Timms calls him Peter IV, Sanders Peter III.
  10. ↑ Ian J. Sanders: English Baronies, A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327 . Oxford 1960. Chapter: Mulgrave . Pp. 66-67.
  11. ↑ BIGOD of Settrington (Sir Knight) 1 . www.tudorplace.com Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  12. ^ John Leyland, Alfred Dawson, Lancelot Speed: The Yorkshire Coast and the Cleveland Hills and Dales . Seeley and Co., Limited. P. 60, 1892. Retrieved July 25, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Mulgrave Castle  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 54 ° 29 ′ 36.6 "  N , 0 ° 42 ′ 19.8"  W.