Peter de Maulay

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Peter de Maulay , also Pierre Malo Lacu († 1241 ) was a French knight and advisor to the English kings Johann Ohneland and Heinrich III. Although Maulay was considered a foreigner because of his origins in England, he managed to establish his family in Yorkshire .

Life

Promotion under Johann Ohneland

Peter de Maulay named himself after today's place Maulay in the border region between the Poitou and the Touraine in France. His origin is unknown, allegedly he came from the lower nobility. It is mentioned for the first time in 1202 when King John gave him properties near Loudun . Like other French people, including Gerard d'Athée , Maulay quickly became a confidante of the king. Allegedly he was involved in the murder of Arthur of Brittany , the king's nephew , in 1203 . After most of John's French lands had been conquered by the French King Philip II in the Franco-English War by 1204 , Maulay handed his French possessions over to his younger brother Aimery de Maulay and moved to England. The king rewarded Maulay with several goods, including Upavon in Wiltshire , but Maulay was hated by the English nobility because of his origins and his closeness to the unpopular king. The English chronicler Roger von Wendover counted him among the king's poor advisers. In 1213 Maulay traveled to Rome as the king's ambassador to the Pope, and in 1214 he was one of the leaders of the campaign to Poitou , where he became the commander of La Rochelle . In the same year he received permission from the King, for a fee of 7,000 marks , to marry Isabella, the only daughter and heiress of Robert of Thornham . The marriage made Maulay a major landowner and baron in Yorkshire.

Role in the war of the barons

When it came to the open war of the barons between the king and an aristocratic opposition in 1215 , the king appointed Maulay constable of Corfe Castle , where he was responsible for the safety of the royal treasure and of Richard , the king's youngest son. The castle also served as a prison for Eleanor of Brittany , sister of the murdered Arthur, and for several barons who were captured by the king during the civil war. From these he collected large ransom money, but he kept the king's opponents in captivity long after the end of the civil war. In 1216 he was appointed sheriff of Dorset and Somerset . When King Johann died in 1216 and his underage son was named Heinrich III. became the new king, Maulay took advantage of this weakness of the central government and expanded his position at the expense of the gentry . It was not until 1220 that the Regency Council was able to force him to hand over the king's son Richard, and in 1221 he fell victim to an intrigue by the royal justiciar Hubert de Burgh , who accused him of wanting to hand Eleanor of Brittany to the French King Louis VIII . Maulay had to resign as sheriff and constable and return Upavon to the king. In return, for his services to the king, he was waived the outstanding fee for the permission to marry.

Next life

Maulay retired to his estate in Yorkshire, where he began building Mulgrave Castle near Whitby . His plan, along with the also deposed Bishop Peter des Roches and Falkes de Breauté on Fifth Crusade participate, was frustrated by the failure of the Crusade 1,221th In 1230 he took part in the failed French campaign of Henry III. part. When Hubert de Burgh was overthrown in 1232 and Peter des Roches, who came from Poitou like Maulay, came to power, Maulay was able to return to the royal court. In 1233 the king returned Upavon to him, which had previously been owned by Philip Basset . For many barons, the expropriation of Basset was another example of the abuse of office by Peter des Roches, and Basset subsequently supported his overlord Richard Marshal , who rebelled against the king. The rebellion led to the overthrow of Peter des Roches, with Maulay temporarily falling out of favor with the king. However, he managed to return to the royal court and served briefly as Sheriff of Northamptonshire in 1236 . In 1240 he and his former ward Richard of Cornwall set out on the barons' crusade . He probably died after arriving in the Holy Land .

Family and inheritance

His eldest son from his marriage to Isabella of Thornham, Peter II became his heir. Maulay provided several monasteries, including Meaux Abbey , with foundations.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nicholas Vincent: Nicholas Vincent, King John's evil counselors (act. 1208-1214) (Oxford DNB). Retrieved January 13, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Richard Gorski: Mauley family (per. C.1226-1415). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004
  3. ↑ Nicholas Vincent: Peter des Roches. An Alien in English Politics 1205-1238 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, ISBN 0-521-52215-3 , p. 201
  4. ^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 270
personal data
SURNAME Peter de Maulay
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pierre Malo Lacu
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French knight in the service of the English kings
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH 1241