Sheriff Hutton Castle
Sheriff Hutton Castle is the ruins of a quadrangular castle in the village of Sheriff Hutton in English county of North Yorkshire .
history
The original moth , the remains of which can still be seen south of the churchyard, was erected at the behest of Bertram de Bulmer, Sheriff of York during the reign of King Stephen (1135–1154).
A stone castle was then built by John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby , at the end of the 14th century on the western edge of the village. In 1377 John Neville was given permission to hold a market every Monday and, in addition, a festival once a year on the eve of the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (September 14). The right to fixing its castle ( English license to crenellate ) granted him King Richard II. 1382. It is not known whether the construction work began before that date. The construction is attributed to John Llewyn, who also built the nearby Bolton Castle in 1378 . Reasons for the attribution are the stylistic similarity as well as documents. After the death of John Neville, the castle fell to his son Ralph , the first Earl of Westmorland . After Ralph's death in 1425, the Nevilles' lands were divided. Ralph de Neville the Younger inherited the title and the Durham estates , and Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick , later known as "Warwick the Kingmaker" inherited the Yorkshire estates, including Sheriff Hutton Castle.
After Richard Neville's death at the Battle of Barnet in 1471 , his lands fell to Richard, Duke of Gloucester , brother of King Edward IV. Richard stayed at the castle many times during his time as Lord of the North . The proximity to the city of York made this pleasant for him.
In mid-October 1480, Richard was at Sheriff Hutton Castle when he was informed by the Earl of Northumberland that the Scots were trying to retaliate for the raids Richard had led across the border. Lord Northumberland wrote to the York City Council, ordering them to provide armed troops. The men of York sent an Alderman to Richard at Sheriff Hutton Castle for advice.
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In 1484 Richard established a royal household for young Edward , Earl of Warwick and son of George of Clarence , and for John, Earl of Lincoln . In July 1484 Richard founded the Council of the North with its headquarters at Sheriff Hutton Castle and Sandal Castle . The Council of the North existed for 150 years. In 1485, while Richard was waiting for Henry Tudor to invade Nottingham , he sent his niece Elizabeth of York , her sisters and the Earls of Warwick and Lincoln, as well as Lord Morley and John of Gloucester, to the castle.
The castle became the property of King Henry VII, and in 1525 his successor, Henry VIII , gave it to his illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset and Lord Warden of the Marches . A source from this time describes the castle as in need of repair.
After Henry Fitzroy's death, Thomas Howard , the second Duke of Norfolk , had the castle repaired in 1537, but the castle fell into disrepair after the Council of the North moved to York in the mid-16th century. Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon , undertook another restoration campaign in 1572. The Earl hoped that the President of the Council of the North would reside at the castle and described it as "olde Castell aamoste ruinated" ( German old, almost ruined Castle ). In 1618, Sheriff Hutton Castle was again described as ruinous.
In 1622 it was bought by the Ingram family and used as a quarry to build the nearby Sheriff Hutton House . The castle remained in the ownership of the Ingram family until the beginning of the 20th century. Then it served as a warehouse for a farm. It was declared a Scheduled Monument in the 1950s and English Heritage later made some repairs. Today the castle is again in private hands.
description
The fort has a square floor plan with four rectangular corner towers, which are connected by wings and enclose a castle courtyard. The north and west sides are straight, while the east and south sides have obtuse-angled, outward-pointing kinks in the middle. The entrance is on the east side and is protected by a gatehouse .
Today only parts of the towers are preserved in their original height, the wings of the building and the curtain wall have largely disappeared. In addition to the inner courtyard, there was also a middle and an outer courtyard, which are now occupied by the adjacent farm.
English Heritage has listed Sheriff Hutton Castle as a Grade II * Historic Building. The castle is considered an internationally important monument.
Individual evidence
- ↑ G. Dyfnallt Owen (Editor): HMC, Manuscripts Marquess of Bath . Volume 5. Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London 1980, p. 191.
- ↑ Sheriff Hutton Castle . Heritage Gateway. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
- ↑ Sheriff Hutton Castle, Sheriff Hutton . In: British Listed Buildings . Retrieved September 15, 2015.
- ↑ Frequently asked questions . In: Images of England . English Heritage. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
literature
- Kate McCavana: Sheriff Hutton Castle: An Archaeological Survey of the South West Tower and South Range . University of York, York 1993.
Web links
Coordinates: 54 ° 5 ′ 16 ″ N , 1 ° 0 ′ 17 ″ W.