User:Teratornis/Energy: Difference between revisions

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*{{Google scholar cite|biofuel}}
*{{Google scholar cite|biofuel}}
*{{Google scholar cite|biofuel|yearlow=2007|yearhigh=2008}} - recent
*{{Google scholar cite|biofuel|yearlow=2007|yearhigh=2008}} - recent

=== Food vs fuel ===

00:58, 3 October 2008 (UTC): [[Food vs fuel]] looks like a somewhat contentious article. Here is a reference:

*{{Cite web
|title=Biofuels driving global oil supply growth
|url=http://www.europabio.org/Biofuels%20reports/MerrilLynchJune2008.pdf
|publisher=[[Merrill Lynch]]
|date=2008-06-06
|accessdate=2008-10-02
}}
**"The expanding global economy continues to face oil supply constraints, prompting consumers to become more efficient in their oil use and substitute into other fuels. Helped by a favourable policy wave, biofuels have rapidly become a major source of incremental fuel supply. On a global scale, biofuels are now the single largest contributor to world oil supply growth. We estimate that retail gasoline prices would be $21/bbl higher, on average, without the incremental biofuel supply."


== Solar energy ==
== Solar energy ==

Revision as of 00:58, 3 October 2008

This user subpage contains notes to organize my edits to articles relating to energy.

Welcome

I invite comments from other Wikipedians. Please comment on the talk page. I have it on my watchlist. If you find it easier to comment on this page, be my guest, but I will usually move such comments onto the talk page after I take them into account on this page.

This page illustrates how I search for references using templates such as {{Google}} and {{Google scholar cite}}. These templates allow record my actual searches, so other users can verify the results, and (possibly) learn to use the same tools. Everything we learn about Wikipedia comes from studying the work of other Wikipedia users. I am grateful to all the Wikipedia users from whose work I have learned. On this page I document some of my work in more detail than I can put into edit summaries and talk page comments. If you find anything useful here, consider paying it forward by documenting some of your own work for others to study. Maybe you will teach me something new.

Peak oil

I created a {{Peak oil}} navigation template, and I added it to all the articles it links to, and a few more.

Out of Gas

06:46, 15 March 2008 (UTC): to-do: write an article about David Goodstein's book: Out of Gas: The End of the Age of Oil. I checked out a copy of the book from the Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County. See: WP:BK and Wikipedia:WikiProject Books.

23:02, 4 May 2008 (UTC): several other users created the article. I would like to add a detailed chapter by chapter synopsis, with links to all the topics Goodstein mentions which have Wikipedia articles. That would be a lot of links. Are we allowed to do that? See some other nonfiction book articles that have synopses:

I'll make my synopsis in User:Teratornis/Sandbox3.

Google Books has some useful information about this book:

National Geographic

National Geographic Magazine has run several articles that mention peak oil. I vaguely recall at least one article in National Geographic from the 1970s or 1980s, which I believe had a large illustration of Hubbert's curve. I think that may have been the first time I ever saw Hubbert's curve. I should try to find that article.

The June 2008 issue of National Geographic has another article about peak oil. I mentioned it in a Help desk answer:

Here is the citation: 

<ref name="ngm_world_oil">
{{cite web
|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/06/world-oil/roberts-text
|title=Tapped Out
|publisher=[[National Geographic Magazine]]
|accessdate=2008-05-17
|last=Roberts
|first=Paul 
|year=2008
|month=June
}}
</ref>
  • Roberts, Paul (2008). "Tapped Out". National Geographic Magazine. Retrieved 2008-05-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Peak oil user pages

05:28, 18 May 2008 (UTC): I've run across several user subpages about peak oil. Search for them systematically, using one of my searches from {{Help desk searches}}:

User:Americanus/Peak Oil People

17:45, 28 April 2008 (UTC): I ran across the page: User:Americanus/Peak Oil People when I searched Wikipedia with Google for: The end of oil. I left some suggestions for the author at: User talk:Americanus#Peak oil people (permanent link). It might be nice to promote that page to a list in article space. However, it looks like that user has not recently been active, so he or she might not see my suggestions soon.

Costs of energy in different forms

05:28, 18 May 2008 (UTC): the oil price increases since 2003 have mixed up the costs of energy from different sources. Since oil has increased in price more than six times from its 2003 low, and almost ten times since its late 1990s low, petroleum and refined petroleum products are now getting to be fairly expensive sources of energy. Make a table showing the cost and energy equivalence for several forms of energy. This is relevant for determining when various alternatives become economical for various applications. For example, right now the cost of energy in the form of retail motor gasoline is considerably higher than the cost of energy in the form of retail electricity, at least where I live (where electricity comes mostly from coal-fired plants - yuck).

The following table compares several sources of energy, stating a typical cost for each one. (Since most sources of energy vary widely in price, I will extend the table to list several rows for each source, to show the effect of price variations.) For each source of energy, each row shows a sample cost for the unit which people use to measure that source, the energy density for that unit, the equivalent cost if we could convert that source to motor gasoline at 100% efficiency, and the equivalent cost if we could convert that source to electricity at 100% efficiency. (Of course because of Carnot efficiency we can only convert about 30% of the heat of combustion of a fuel into electricity in a thermal power plant. But note, using electricity to charge batteries in an electric vehicle leads to a much lower vehicle fuel cost than the hypothetical conversion of electricity into gasoline, because a gasoline engine is only between 15% and 30% efficient, whereas the combination of batteries and electric motors can be between 80% and 90% efficient, I believe. Thus the fuel cost for an electric vehicle would be only about a third of the equivalent cost to generate a gallon of gasoline from electricity. In effect, the comparison is between the energy content of the coal that feeds the power plant vs. the refined gasoline that feeds the internal combustion engine in an automobile. This compares well with the figures in Electric car#Ownership costs, which also show a much lower fuel cost per mile for electric cars compared to internal combustion engine vehicles.)

Energy source Cost Energy density $/MJ $/gallon (gasoline equivalent) $/kWh (electricity equivalent)
Coal $130/ton MJ/ton $/MJ $/gallon $/kWh
Natural gas $/ MJ/ $/MJ $/gallon $/kWh
Petroleum $128/bbl 6.1 GJ/bbl $0.0209836066/MJ $2.74885246/gallon $0.0755409836/kWh
Gasoline $4/gallon 131 MJ/gallon $0.0305343511/MJ $4/gallon $0.109923664/kWh
Electricity $0.05/kWh 3.6 MJ/kWh $0.0138888889/MJ $1.81944444/gallon $0.05/kWh

Conversion factors:

Conversions using Google Calculator (one must use {{=}} to represent the equal sign in the {{Google}} template):

  • Coal:
  • Natural gas:

Some comparisons that would be useful to make:

References:

Vincent Ellis McKelvey

It might be interesting to write a biography of Vincent Ellis McKelvey (already red linked from: Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/American politicians/Executive branch#Past Directors of the U.S. Geological Survey). Apparently he led the opposition to M. King Hubbert, and lost his job by betting against Peak oil. His saga may be an object lesson for the peak oil deniers of today, who still seem to dominate the Energy Information Administration. See this excerpt:

The US Secretary of the Interior at the time, Stewart Udall, later apologised for having helped lull Americans into a "dangerous overconfidence" by accepting the advice of the US Geological Survey so unquestioningly. A long-serving US Geological Survey director who had led the campaign against Hubbert, V E McKelvey, was forced to resign in 1977.

Anoxic event

19:54, 21 June 2008 (UTC): the Anoxic event article doesn't mention the possibility of humans triggering the next one, by burning a sufficient quantify of fossil fuel in a sufficiently short time. In keeping with Wikipedia:Build the web, look for ways to link to and from the Anoxic event article and articles pertaining to Peak oil and Global warming.

Price of crude oil and price of gasoline

Most people notice the price of motor fuel more than the price of crude oil, since few people consume crude oil directly. That's part of why the Oil price increases since 2003 did not become very noticeable until recently, when the price of motor gasoline began rising faster. This reference explains the relationship:

Jason Grumet

19:29, 29 June 2008 (UTC): Jason Grumet is Barack Hussein Obama's senior energy advisor. If Obama wins the upcoming election, Grumet may become one of the most powerful figures in energy. Therefore he would certainly be notable enough for a Wikipedia article, and he probably is notable enough already. Learn more about Jason Grumet:

For example:

T. Boone Pickens, Jr.

20:33, 12 July 2008 (UTC): T. Boone Pickens, Jr. has made quite a media splash this past week by announcing his Pickens Plan. Both of those articles need cleaning up: they don't use citation templates; and they don't have enough links to related articles.

Here are the references currently in the article that need to be in citation templates, in the order they (sometimes redundantly) appear in the article:

Search for more references with {{Google}} and {{Google scholar cite}}:

References

18:23, 17 June 2008 (UTC): search for some references with the {{Google scholar cite}} template that I recently created:

Peak oil discussion at Richard Dawkins Forum

There is an interesting discussion thread about peak oil on the Richard Dawkins Forum. I've posted to it a fair amount. Some postings in the thread contain links to reliable sources for energy-related articles on Wikipedia.

Wind power

Several of the smaller articles about Wind power need work, or need starting.

Wind power in Ohio

Wind power in Ohio already exists, but it needs some editing.

Ohio wind resource map

06:46, 15 March 2008 (UTC): upload this map of Ohio's wind resources to Wikimedia Commons, and add the {{PD-USGov}} template to its description:

I will probably have to convert the original JPEG image to a PNG. I can do that with Netpbm.

That map for Ohio is essentially a single-state version of this wind resource map for the entire United States:

I don't think I have ever uploaded an image to Wikimedia Commons before. Read the article about it and see WP:EIW#Image. If I can figure out how to upload the Ohio wind resource map, I can then upload maps for the other states, or at least the states with significant wind power potential.

The Ohio Wind Resource Explorer page has wind power maps for Ohio at 50m and 100m heights, from AWS Truewind LLC. The 100m map shows wind power up to two classes higher than the 50m map for many areas.

Interestingly, some sizable areas of wind power class 5 are not too far from where I live, in Logan County, Ohio and Champaign County, Ohio. These areas might be suitable for wind farm development, and they are close to power consumers in Cincinnati, Ohio and Columbus, Ohio. It seems some people are looking into that:

In fact, a wind farm might get built there in 2009:

Ohio wind power potential

This page says Ohio's wind energy resources are larger than in previous estimates based on 50m elevation, because new technology (i.e., larger wind turbines) can exploit faster winds at 100m:

  • Press Release - New Wind Maps & Analysis by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Reveal Ohio’s Significant Wind Energy Potential Could Power 2 Million Homes

Actually the article claims that Ohio's wind power potential (66,000 megawatts (MW), nameplate capacity? The capacity factor might only be 0.3 or less, although perhaps higher over Lake Erie) exceeds Ohio's current electrical consumption. Determine what Ohio's electricity consumption is. The Ohio article does not seem to mention it; for an example from a neighboring state's article of what the Ohio article might say about Energy, see: Illinois#Energy. Economy of Ohio says nothing about energy, either.

Here is an overview I found:

Ohio's total annual energy consumption appears to be about four quads. Determine how that compares to 66 GW of nameplate capacity. I love unit conversions; see if the {{convert}} template understands quads. Template:Convert/list of units says it understands BTU but not quads. The Quad (energy) article does not give the conversion to TWh. {{convert}} does not seem to understand scientific notation or arbitrary multiples for Imperial units, so just put in all the zeros for a quadrillion (which is 1,000,000,000,000,000):

Search some more with {{Google}}:

Lake Erie wind power potential

A very large portion of Ohio's wind resources are over Lake Erie. Lake Erie may be a good location for offshore wind turbines. As of early 2008, the United States has no offshore wind turbines. Lake Erie might be a good location for them, because:

  • Lake Erie is the shallowest of the Great Lakes. The western half is especially shallow.
  • Proximity to electrical transmission networks and electricity consumers.
  • Proximity to heavy industry for making large wind turbine components.
  • Ease of transporting large wind turbine components throughout the Great Lakes by barge.

Some links relating to offshore wind power:

Search for references with {{Google}}:

Here's one:

Search further on that term:

Melink Corporation

22:48, 20 September 2008 (UTC): a couple of weeks ago, I saw the first large-ish wind turbine I've seen in real life. Evidently it is at the Melink Corporation:

I visited the wind turbine on Saturday, Sept. 24, 2008. The turbine is next to the Melink Corp. building. I was able to ride my bicycle right to a parking lot next to the turbine. An access path goes directly to the turbine tower, but I did not follow it, because nobody was around to give permission. The model may be an Aventa AV-7:

Vestas V27 at Great Lakes Science Center

The Great Lakes Science Center in Cleveland installed a Vestas V27 wind turbine (nameplate capacity: 225 kW) in 2006 between the Cleveland Browns Stadium and the Science Center. Vestas no longer manufactures the V27, as it is now below the minimum economic size for modern commercial wind farms. The Science Center purchased a used turbine from a wind farm operator in Denmark which replaced the turbine with a larger model. Enexco in California reconditioned the turbine, and White Construction from Indiana erected it on the new site.

Find some sources and work this into the Wind power in Ohio article.

Search for similar urban/demonstration turbines:

Wind power in the United States

Wind power in the United States#Wind power in the states shows a table listing the wind potential for the 50 states, with Ohio at 4,000 GWh/yr. This seems to be far lower than the updated NREL estimate for Ohio which accounts for 100m turbine hub heights, which I referenced in the previous section:

66,000 MW * 0.3 (capacity factor) * 24 (hr/day) * 365 (day/yr) = 173,448,000 MWh/yr = 173,448 GWh/yr

In fact the value in the table is 173448/4000 = about 43 times lower. This is a massive discrepancy. I should investigate it.

Template:Infobox wind farm

I'm thinking about making a [[Template:Infobox wind farm]]. Currently there isn't one. There is a {{Infobox Power Station}} which comes close, and appears in some wind farm articles. Maybe wind farms could use their own infobox. The infobox wind farm fields could include:

  • Name
  • Image
  • Owner
  • Location (lat/lon)
  • City
  • State
  • Country
  • Start date
  • Completion date
  • Nameplate capacity, MW
  • Annual output, MW·h
  • Capacity factor
  • Number of wind turbines
  • Wind turbine manufacturer(s)
  • Wind turbine model(s)
  • Energy storage system

But first I will look at examples of {{Infobox Power Station}} in these wind farm articles:

User:Arsenikk started all of those articles. It does look like {{Infobox Power Station}} lacks some fields we might like to include for a wind farm. There are dozens of wind farms in the world, the number is growing rapidly, and we could ultimately have thousands of wind farm articles. Therefore, a separate infobox for wind farms seems justifiable, since it would add some value.

Template:Wind power

The wind power articles could use more navigation templates. There is no navigation template in Category:Energy templates specifically for Wind power. I will start by making a general one: {{Wind power}} to add to the major wind power articles. Existing templates which are similar or overlapping:

Later I might make additional navigation templates, for example to list the wind farms in various geographic areas, breaking it down into whatever regions can fit on a single template. That will depend on how many wind farms exist in a given continent, country, or state/province. As the wind industry continues to boom, the number of wind farms must eventually become enormous. The U.S. needs at least a million large wind turbines to make a dent in electricity demand and displace some significant amount of fossil fuel consumption.

As usual, start editing the template in User:Teratornis/Sandbox2. The categories to consider:

Naturally, while looking around the wind-related categories, I find a lot of articles that need work:

The Wind power article does not mention Kites currently. Kites have applications in load-lifting and ship propulsion. These are of course technologies for harnessing wind power.

19:27, 12 April 2008 (UTC): I got {{Wind power}} into preliminary shape so I created the template proper.

Wind power in the USA

The Wind power in the United States article has this wind resource map: Image:US wind power map.png which dates from around 1985, according to its documentation page. Newer wind power maps for the U.S. are better, since the U.S. government and the wind industry have prospected more for wind as the industry has developed. See for example:

06:38, 24 August 2008 (UTC): the above link seems to be broken now.

USA number one?

According to this reference:

{{Google}} finds additional links which confirm this:

See whether I can verify this, and if it is true, work the information into these articles which currently rank Germany first and the United States second:

16:22, 24 August 2008 (UTC): on further reading, I see Germany is still first in terms of installed nameplate capacity, but because U.S. wind farms have stronger winds on average, the U.S. produces more wind energy per year. In other words, the U.S. has a higher average capacity factor for its wind power than Germany does. However, the U.S. is adding new capacity faster than Germany and should overtake it in nameplate capacity in 2009.

01:10, 25 August 2008 (UTC): I edited the lead section of Wind power in the United States and added a new section: Wind power in the United States#The world's top wind producer. There's little point in editing the other articles that rank the U.S. behind Germany in installed capacity, since U.S. capacity will probably top Germany's in 2009. I.e., this ranking ambiguity will resolve itself soon enough when the U.S. tops the world in both nameplate capacity and actual wind energy production.

Great Plains

01:14, 25 August 2008 (UTC): the Great Plains article says nothing about wind power. The history subsection: Great Plains#After 1900 mentions the ongoing population loss in the Great Plains since the 1930s. Wind power development could slow or reverse the population loss, at least in specific areas. T. Boone Pickens cites Sweetwater, Texas as an example. Find some sources and work them into the Great Plains article.

02:21, 25 August 2008 (UTC): I added the new section: Great Plains#Wind power.

Baseload power

18:19, 3 September 2008 (UTC): a common objection to wind power is its intermittency. Wind power#Capacity factor cites this source:

which mentions a journal paper. Find the journal reference, if possible, with {{Google scholar cite}}:

That finds the result:

Stoney Corners wind farm

02:43, 6 September 2008 (UTC): here are some links about the Stoney Corners wind farm in McBain, Michigan:

The American Wind Energy Association maintains a database of wind power projects. Here is the page for Michigan:

but it does not seem to list the Stoney Corners wind farm.

San Jorge Basin

05:02, 6 September 2008 (UTC): San Jorge Basin#Energy describes a wind farm in Argentina. At the moment, Wikipedia's coverage of wind power in South America is rather sparse, perhaps because most South Americans are not native English speakers and therefore not many edit on the English Wikipedia, and because the wind power industry in South America is just getting started. Find some references about this wind power development with {{Google}} and {{Google scholar cite}}:

  • "Energy Overview of Argentina". www.geni.org. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
    • Spanish companies Endesa and Elecnor have proposed building and operating three wind farms in Patagonia with a total nameplate capacity of 3,000 MWe, enough to meet 12% of Argentina's energy (electricity?) demands by 2010. Estimated cost: $2.25 billion.

Maple Ridge wind farm

05:54, 7 September 2008 (UTC): here's an interesting video about the Maple Ridge wind farm in Lewis County, New York:

The video features the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers linemen and electricians who install the wiring for the turbines.

The farm is a project of Horizon Wind Energy and PPM Energy. Look up the specific model of turbines on the farm. They sound like Vestas V80s, except that their nameplate rating of 1.65 MW according to the Maple Ridge wind farm article does not match with the capacities for V80s in Vestas#Products.

Currently, Vestas offers a V82-1.65 MW model:

That sounds like what the Maple Ridge wind farm is running.

Wind power tourism

05:02, 6 September 2008 (UTC): find more references about wind power tourism. Wind power opponents like to circulate scare stories about wind power decimating tourism. However, some wind farms have actually become tourist attractions, to the surprise of their developers.

Then again, Peak oil proponents predict drastic reductions in tourism, since it is the least essential use of petroleum and thus the first that is likely to go away as oil production declines. If this turns out to be true, then wind turbines will have little net effect on tourism, because the tourism industry is going to downsize drastically.

Cranes

07:46, 7 September 2008 (UTC): does Wikipedia document the cranes for erecting wind turbines? I stumbled across this Web page about the Manitowoc GTK1100 crane, specifically designed for wind farm construction and maintenance:

  • "Manitowoc Wind Power Crane". Alternative Energy. 2007-05-15. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
    • "Wind power is one of the fastest-growing areas for the lifting industry."

I already added that reference to The Manitowoc Company. See what else Wikipedia already says, or might yet need to say, about cranes for wind farm construction.

Replacing petroleum with wind power

18:45, 21 September 2008 (UTC): a common objection to wind power by wind power opponents is that wind power does not significantly reduce petroleum consumption. For example:

The above essay appeared several years before the Pickens Plan, a proposal to use wind power to reduce natural gas for power generation, allowing the saved natural gas to power transportation.

The Environmental effects of wind power#Net energy gain section does not address this objection, because it muddies the practical distinctions between different kinds of energy by taking them all as equivalent. Net energy gain analysis seems to be a crude first-order comparison, because it does not consider whether the form(s) of energy produced by a given technology can actually replace (and therefore "pay back") the specific forms of energy required to implement the technology. In practice, not all forms of energy are mutually fungible because of thermodynamic and engineering limitations. For example, there are many practical technologies for converting various forms of energy into electricity, but only a few sources of energy have the energy density and portability to make them practical to power transportation. Thus the transportation sector overwhelmingly depends on liquid fuels as of 2008, and most of these liquid fuels come from petroleum (with a small but growing fraction from biofuels). Since every form of commercial-scale power generation requires transportation of parts, equipment, and skilled labor during its construction and operation, every form of commercial-scale power generation is a net consumer of petroleum. When petroleum was cheap and abundant, this wasn't much of a concern, but as of 2008 petroleum has grown increasingly scarce, expensive, and insecure. Petroleum might be the form of energy one most wants to conserve, and the net energy gain for a particular technology won't necessarily say anything about that technology's impact on petroleum use.

Of course it is somewhat inconsistent for wind power opponents to single out wind power as being a net petroleum consumer, because the same is true of nuclear power, hydropower, coal, and every other form of power generation. They all require petroleum to power the cranes, trucks, shovels, ships, etc. necessary to mine the raw materials and haul and construct the finished equipment.

For any form of electric power generation to pay back its petroleum investment, there must be some mechanism for using the electricity generated to reduce petroleum consumption. In addition to the Pickens Plan, other possible mechanisms include:

A more rigorous definition of "net energy gain" would be to consider whether an energy technology can power its own construction. For example, can we use wind power to build more wind power (or nuclear power to build more nuclear power, etc.), without requiring other forms of energy? At the moment, no one seems to be doing this yet.

References

17:29, 9 June 2008 (UTC): search for some references with the {{Google scholar cite}} template that I recently created:

21:55, 8 July 2008 (UTC): other interesting references:

Bioenergy and biofuel

00:57, 30 March 2008 (UTC): edit some articles and templates about bioenergy and biofuel. I don't see biofuels substituting one for one for petroleum any time soon, but biofuels can replace some petroleum for fuel, and perhaps eventually all of petroleum for feedstock use.

Navigation template

I don't see any navigation template for bioenergy; it should go in Category:Energy templates. Such a template could link to representative articles from these categories:

I'm working on this template in User:Teratornis/Sandbox2. 07:13, 4 April 2008 (UTC): I edited the template a little. It's shaping up rather nicely. The Category:Biofuels does not distinguish between biofuels themselves, and technologies for synthesizing, converting, and/or refining biofuels from biomass. I might want to create a biofuels technology subcategory. I'm setting up the template with separate groups for links to biofuels and biofuels technologies, respectively. 07:38, 5 April 2008 (UTC): I copied the template to: {{Bioenergy}}.

Miscanthus giganteus

00:52, 18 April 2008 (UTC): the Miscanthus giganteus article needs work. The article about the genus, Miscanthus, contains more information that is specifically about Miscanthus giganteus than the Miscanthus giganteus article contains.

Some references (to-do: summarize each one):


Copy the Miscanthus giganteus article to User:Teratornis/Sandbox so I can bang on it there. Also, edit the Miscanthus article so it uses {{Main}} to refer to Miscanthus giganteus.

Things to fix in Miscanthus giganteus:

  • The {{Taxobox}} template has a red link in the genus_authority field (currently the value is: Keng). 
| genus_authority = Andersson<ref name="grin">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7661
|title=Miscanthus information from NPGS/GRIN
|publisher=www.ars-grin.gov
|accessdate=2008-04-11
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
  • Mention that the plant is a sterile hybrid of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, that it doesn't produce seeds, so growers reproduce it with rhizome propagules, it's twice as productive as switchgrass, it is perennial and requires little herbicide as it outcompetes most weeds, and needs little fertilizer.
  • Dry biomass has almost the same heat of combustion as Powder River Basin coal.

07:24, 1 June 2008 (UTC): I can search more efficiently for journal articles using the {{Google scholar}} template I just made. For example:

Panicum virgatum (switchgrass)

06:20, 20 May 2008 (UTC): fix the messed-up references in Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass). First, just make a list of the references and put them into citation templates. Then try to match up the references with the statements in the article they supposedly support. Relevant discussions:

Templates I will need for these complicated references: {{Cite web}}, {{Cite book}}, {{Cite conference}}, {{Cite journal}}.

Here is a page of references for switchgrass which I ran across while searching for the references in our switchgrass article:

The following subsections contain edits to support my cleanup of the references in Panicum virgatum:

Un-numbered references

Try to find real citation links for the rest of these sources from the Panicum virgatum article. Add a <strike> tag to each reference after I put it into a template here. Then I can easily see which ones still need templates.

  • Farmers' motivations for adoption of switchgrass. Hipple PC, Duffy MD. Trends in New Crops and New Uses, ed. J. Janich and A. Whipkey, pp. 252-266, ASHA Press, Alexandria VA, 2002.
    • "Trends in New Crops and New Uses". www.hort.purdue.edu. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
    • Hipple, Patricia C. (2002). "Farmers' Motivations for Adoption of Switchgrass—" (PDF). In Jules Janick, Anna Whipkey (ed.). Trends in New Crops and New Uses. Fifth National Symposium, New Crops and New Uses, Strength in Diversity. Alexandria, Virginia: American Society for Horticultural Science. pp. 252–266. ISBN 0097075655. Retrieved 2008-05-23. {{cite conference}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); External link in |conferenceurl= (help); Unknown parameter |booktitle= ignored (|book-title= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |conferenceurl= ignored (|conference-url= suggested) (help)
  • Switchgrass Production in Ontario: A Management Guide. Samson, R., 2007. Resourse Efficient Agriculture Production (REAP) - Canada
  • Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Toxicity in Rodents, Sheep, Goats and Horses. Stegelmeier, BL, et.al. USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan UT & ILS, Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC. As reprinted in Utah State University Extension Veterinary Newsletter. July, 2005.
  • Table 28. Guidelines for rotational stocking of selected forage crops. International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Forage Crop Pocket Guide Developed by Ball, Hoveland, Lacefield Edited by Armstrong, Darst 2006
    • I found this reference online with a {{Google custom}} search of the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) site:
    • Ball, D.M. (2006). Forage Crop Pocket Guide. International Plant Nutrition Institute. pp. Table 28. Guidelines for rotational stocking of selected forage crops. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Table 33b. Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) Ranges for Various Forge Crops. International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Forage Crop Pocket Guide Developed by Ball, Hoveland, Lacefield Edited by Armstrong, Darst 2006
  • Planting and Managing Switchgrass for Forage, Wildlife, and Conservation. Wolf, DD, Fiske, DA. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication # 418-013, June, 1996.

Manually-numbered references

20:51, 24 May 2008 (UTC): several of these are redundant with the un-numbered references above. I only add citation templates here for the references which are distinct.

1. General Planting Guide for Warm Season Grasses in the Northeast U.S. & Canada. Ernst Seed Catalog Web Page http://www.ernstseed.com/switchgrass_planting_quide.htm Ernst Conservation Seeds, LLP, 9006 Mercer Pike, Meadville, PA 16335 Copyright 2007, Ernst Conservation Seeds, LLP. All rights reserved.

2. Lecture notes prepared by Tanya Silzer for lecture titled: “Panicaum virgatum L. - Switchgrass, prairie switchgrass, tall panic grass” www.usask.ca/agriculture/plantsci/classes/rang/panicum/html

3. Southern Forages. Third Edition. DM Ball, CS Hoveland, GD Lacefield. Copyright 2002 by the Potash & Phosphate Institute and the Foundation for Agronoomic Research. ISBN 0-9629598-3-9 p 26

  • Ball, D.M. (2002). Southern Forages (3rd edition ed.). International Plant Nutrition Institute. pp. p. 26. ISBN 0-9629598-3-9. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

4. USDA NRCS Plant Fact Sheet. Switchgrass - Panicum virgatum L. Plant symbol = PAVI2. 16Jan2001 JKL; 28sp05 jsp; 24may06sjp

6. Farmers' motivations for adoption of switchgrass. Hipple PC, Duffy MD. Trands in New Crops and New Uses, ed. J. Janich and A. Whipkey, pp. 252-266, ASHA Press, Alexandria VA, 2002.

7. The Biofuels Explosion: Is Green Engergy Good for Wildlife? Laura Bies, The Wildlife Society Bulletin 34(4): 1203-1205; 2006

8. Native Plants Journal. Fall, 2000. Vol. 1(2) http://nativeplants.for.uidaho.edu/ ISSN 1522-8339.

9. Switchgrass Production in Ontario: A Management Guide. Samson, R., 2007. Resourse Efficient Agriculture Production (REAP) - Canada

10. The isolation and identification of steroidal sapogenins in switchgrass. Lee ST, Vogel KP, et.al. Jnl of Natural Toxins, Vol 10 No. 4 2001 p 273-81.

11. Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) Hepatotoxicosis in Horses and Sheep. Johnson, AL, et.al. J Vet Intern Med 2006;20:1414-1421.

12. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Toxicity in Rodents, Sheep, Goats and Horses. Stegelmeier, BL, et.al. USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan UT & ILS, Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC. As reprinted in Utah State University Extension Veterinary Newsletter. July, 2005.

13. Table 28. Guidelines for rotational stocking of selected forage crops. International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Forage Crop Pocket Guide Developed by Ball, Hoveland, Lacefield Edited by Armstrong, Darst 2006

14. Table 33b. Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) Ranges for Various Forge Crops. International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Forage Crop Pocket Guide Developed by Ball, Hoveland, Lacefield Edited by Armstrong, Darst 2006

15. Planting and Managing Switchgrass for Forage, Wildlife, and Conservation. 

  Wolf, DD, Fiske, DA. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication # 418-013,

June, 1996.

16. Native Warm-Season Perennial Grasses for Forage in Kentucky. Rasnake, M., Lacefield, G. University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service. AGR-145, 2004

17. Establishing and Managing Switchgrass. Renz, M., Undersander, D. University of Wisconsin Extension, 3/15/07

18. Switchgrass. Salvo, SK, Brock, BG. Division of Forest Resources, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

19. Plentiful switchgrass emerges as breakthrough biofuel. Bob Secter. Chicago Tribune. SignOnSanDiego.com The San Diego Union Tribune. 12/21/06.

20. Switchgrass Profile. David Bransby, Auburn University. http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers/misc/switchgrass-profile.html

Images

04:28, 22 May 2008 (UTC): while googling around to resolve the references for the Panicum virgatum article, I noticed this handy template:

with which I can mark images such as this one from the Natural Resources Conservation Service:

Chris Somerville: Development of Cellulosic Biofuels

This is a long lecture about biofuels by Chris Somerville (Director of the Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California).

As is common among many in the biofuels community, Somerville seems to be working from the orthodox science assumption that global warming is the main problem, and the Energy Information Administration's optimistic projections of steady expansion in global oil extraction are true. I.e., Somerville seems not to have heard of peak oil yet, not that it really matters to his work. He's trying to develop biofuels either way. If peak oil really did occur in 2005 or 2006, as seems increasingly likely, that will merely add urgency and value to his work, rather than change its essential character.

Wikipedia seems to have no article about Chris Somerville yet, although it has an article about one of his business partners, George Church, as well as the Energy Biosciences Institute which Somerville directs. (I added {{Bioenergy}} to the EBI article.) I could think about starting an article about Dr. Somerville.

At 18:32 in his video, Somerville mentions that he is on the National Research Council's Committee on America's Energy Future. At 19:13 he says he is on the Transportation Fuels Subcomittee which is looking at biofuels and coal. Wikipedia does not seem to mention that comittee; googling for: "Committee on America's Energy Future" finds a few other members, for example:

  • Christine Ehlig-Economides, Ph.D. (note the typo in her name in the section heading on that page, hah)
  • Mark Stephen Wrighton who curently serves as Vice Chair of the National Academy of Sciences' Committee on America's Energy Future
  • Harold Shapiro, President Emeritus, Princeton University and Chair, National Research Council Committee on America's Energy Future; Wikipedia has an article about Harold Tafler Shapiro who appears to be the same person.

At 22:30 he mentions Miscanthus giganteus, and shows a seven-year-old stand of the plant at an agricultural research field of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He says the stand has never been irrigated nor fertilized, and each year they harvest the biomass, with a yield of up to 26 tons per acre. He says M. giganteus is one of his favorite biomass plants. And no wonder.

At 24 minutes he lists several advantages of perennial energy crops. He mentions Miscanthus is a C4 perennial, so you harvest it in the winter, because the plant recycles its nutrients into its root system in autumn. That's why it is a low-input crop compared to annual crops such as maize, which must grow from seed each year. He mentions that perennial plants outperform annual plants because the root systems survive the winter, and the leaves and stems begin growing in early spring, from well-developed roots, before farmers are even able to plow fields to plant annual crops.

At 48 minutes he summarizes the problems that limit algae fuel. Basically, it costs too much to build the containers, relative to the solar energy the algae can capture (only about 20 watts per square meter).

Overall, I would say this is the most outstanding video lecture about biofuels that I have seen so far, probably because it's one of the few by an actual scientific expert. However, Dr. Somerville whips through some of his slides too rapidly for me to scrutinize, and the YouTube resolution makes the text one some illegible. See if I can locate his source materials in HTML format.

Comparison of ethanol production in Brazil vs. United States

05:24, 21 August 2008 (UTC): it would be nice to add some more data to the table in this section:


Comparison of key characteristics between
the ethanol industries in the United States and Brazil
Characteristic  Brazil  U.S. Units/comments
Feedstock Sugar cane Maize Main cash crop for ethanol production, the US has less than 2% from other crops.
Total ethanol production (2007) [1] 5,019.2 6,498.6 Million U.S. liquid gallons
Total arable land [2] 355 270(1) Million hectares.
Total area used for ethanol crop (2006)[2][3] 3.6 (1%) 10 (3.7%) Million hectares (% total arable)
Productivity per hectare [2][4][3][5] 6,800-8,000 3,800-4,000 Liters of ethanol per hectare. Brazil is 727 to 870 gal/acre (2006), US is 321 to 424 gal/acre (2003-05)
Energy balance (input energy productivity) [6][3][7] 8.3 to 10.2 times 1.3 to 1.6 times Ratio of the energy obtained from ethanol/energy expended in its production
Estimated greenhouse gas emission reduction [8][3][9] 86-90%(2) 10-30%(2)  % GHGs avoided by using ethanol instead of gasoline, using existing crop land.
Estimated payback time for greenhouse gas emission[10] 17 years(3) 93 years(3) Brazilian cerrado for sugar cane and US grassland for corn. Land use change scenarios by Fargione et al. [11]
Flexible-fuel vehicle fleet (autos and light trucks)[12][13] 6.0 million 6.8 million As of August 2008 for Brazil (fleet between E25 and E100), and as of April 2008 for the US (fleet is E85).
Ethanol fueling stations in the counrty[4][14] 33,000 (100%) 1,700 (1%) As % of total fueling gas stations in the country. Brazil for 2006, U.S. as July 2008[15] and total of 170,000[14]
Ethanol's share within the gasoline market[16][17][18][19] 50%(4) 4% As % of total consumption on a volumetric basis. Brazil as of April 2008. US as of December 2006.
Cost of production (USD/gallon) [4] 0.83 1.14 2006/2007 for Brazil (22¢/liter), 2004 for U.S. (35¢/liter)
Government subsidy (in USD) [2][14] 0 0.51/gallon U.S. as of 2008-04-30. Brazilian ethanol production is no longer subsidized.
Import tariffs (in USD) [6][4] 0 0.54/gallon As of April 2008, Brazil does not import ethanol, the U.S. does
Notes: (1) Only contiguous U.S., excludes Alaska. (2) Assuming no land use change.[9] (3) Assuming direct land use change.[11] (4) Including diesel-powered vehicles, ethanol represented 18% of the road sector fuel consumption in 2006.[18][20]

Specifically, I would like to add more statistics about both countries to put the respective ethanol industries into further context: population, petroleum production and imports/exports, barrels of oil equivalent of the ethanol produced; total gasoline consumed; diesel fuel consumed; per capita ethanol and gasoline consumption; total vehicle miles driven (if possible); and fleet fuel economy; GDP; per capita GDP; per capita energy consumption from all sources.

It's common for people to cite Brazil's ethanol industry to show what would be possible for the United States, but often the boosters fail to mention that (a) the U.S. already produces more ethanol than Brazil; and (b) Brazil uses far less energy and far less liquid fuel than the U.S., so the problem for ethanol to solve in Brazil is far smaller than in the U.S.

Here is a table I may someday expand with more comparative data:

Comparison of key characteristics between
the ethanol industries in the United States and Brazil
Characteristic  Brazil  U.S. Units/comments
Population (2008) 187,393,918 304,917,000 2008 estimates for both figures.

References

17:39, 17 June 2008 (UTC): search for some references with the {{Google scholar cite}} template that I recently created:

Food vs fuel

00:58, 3 October 2008 (UTC): Food vs fuel looks like a somewhat contentious article. Here is a reference:

  • "Biofuels driving global oil supply growth" (PDF). Merrill Lynch. 2008-06-06. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
    • "The expanding global economy continues to face oil supply constraints, prompting consumers to become more efficient in their oil use and substitute into other fuels. Helped by a favourable policy wave, biofuels have rapidly become a major source of incremental fuel supply. On a global scale, biofuels are now the single largest contributor to world oil supply growth. We estimate that retail gasoline prices would be $21/bbl higher, on average, without the incremental biofuel supply."

Solar energy

Solar updraft tower

17:50, 30 June 2008 (UTC): this video on YouTube describes a Solar updraft tower pilot plant in Spain:

The most interesting part of the video to me was the observation that beneath the plastic sheeting over the collection area, grasses and shrubs were growing more lushly than in the surrounding scrubby desert. The pilot plant's designers did not anticipate this. Explanation: at night, water vapor condenses on the underside of the plastic sheeting and drips on the ground below it, keeping the greenhouse environment moist. Thus a potential byproduct of these types of solar tower plants could be food or biomass from otherwise non-arable land, without the need for irrigation.

The Solar updraft tower article at the moment does not mention the potential byproduct of converting desert into arable land. This could be a significant benefit of the solar updraft tower concept, given the 2007–2008 world food price crisis along with Food vs fuel concerns. The high value of food or energy crops might offset some of the cost of building a solar updraft tower. In contrast, the existing first-generation biofuels compete with food production on existing (naturally) arable land.

Search with {{Google scholar cite}} for reliable sources about using solar updraft towers to reclaim desert for agriculture:

Some of the search results look interesting. I will have to study them.

Chipmakers

03:41, 28 July 2008 (UTC): here's an interesting article about the large number of semiconductor manufacturer who are rushing to manufacture photovoltaics:

Ocean energy

Wave power

17:50, 30 June 2008 (UTC): I see no navigation template for articles about wave power, other than one line in {{Renewable energy sources}}. Search for existing work with {{Google wikipedia}} and {{Google custom}}:

Fraction of world population living near the ocean

18:53, 27 July 2008 (UTC): search with {{Google}} and {{Google scholar cite}} for a citation for the fraction of world population living near the ocean, and add it to the lead section of Ocean energy, which is somewhat weasely on the subject currently.

Wikipedia has a Hypsography article, but it does not mention population. Also, hypsography is about elevation, not necessarily the distance from an ocean (although most lowlands will be near oceans, or they may have ocean-navigable rivers).

Geothermal energy

Geothermal heat pump

23:54, 27 July 2008 (UTC): fix the broken references in the Geothermal heat pump article.

Transportation

07:33, 16 June 2008 (UTC): make a navigation template for links of the type in: Transportation demand management#See also.

Policy

Since I live in the U.S., my primary interest is in U.S. energy policy, but the energy problem is a global problem, so every nation must work together to avoid hoarding and resource wars in the event of a peak oil doomsday scenario and so on.

Energy Policy Act of 2005

01:30, 27 July 2008 (UTC): The Energy Policy Act of 2005 article has no navigation templates. It could use several.

New Manhattan Project for Energy Independence

Potential categories: look at similar articles such as Pickens Plan to see what categories they are in.

Sources: search for them, with {{Google}}, {{Google wikipedia}}, {{Google custom}}, and {{Google scholar cite}}.

Apollo Alliance

Here is a video of Amanda Woodrum, Energy Officer, Policy Matters Ohio, host of Ohio Apollo Alliance:

Some presentations by Ms. Woodrum:

Energy security and renewable technology

14:57, 12 August 2008 (UTC): as with many of Wikipedia's energy-related articles, Energy security and renewable technology needs work:

  • It's a brief overview article, so it mentions several other energy-related topics in passing, but not all of these references use terminology consistent with the other Wikipedia articles about the subjects, and not all of them have links.
  • The article has no navigation templates. Perhaps we need a new navigation template specifically about energy policy type issues.
  • There are several overlapping articles (e.g., Energy security).

Efficiency

19:08, 1 August 2008 (UTC): Wikipedia has several articles about energy efficiency that various people may have edited without being aware of what others were doing. For example, this search finds several:

Including:

Zero-energy building

19:27, 28 August 2008 (UTC): The Zero-energy building article has some problems:

  • Not all of the references are in a consistent format; edit them to use citation templates.
  • There is no navigation template. {{Sustainability}} is one option, but that template is big and general. A template more focused on energy efficiency, or perhaps just on efficent buildings, would be nice.
  • The order of standard sections does not quite comply with WP:LAYOUT.

Super-efficient refrigerators

  • http://mtbest.net/chest_fridge.html describes a conversion kit to turn an ordinary chest freezer into a chest refrigerator, requiring only 0.1 kWh/day. Top-opening refrigerators have the potential to be far more efficient than conventional front-opening refrigerators, because opening the lid of a chest does not allow the cold air inside to spill out as it does from a front-opening refrigerator.

The most efficient production refrigerators are by Sun Frost. But it appears that all their models are conventional uprights. Even so, Sun Frost claims its refrigerators use only 15 kWh per month, compared to 110 kWh for an average refrigerator. But the chest refrigerator uses even less, around 3 kWh/month.

Search on Wikipedia to see whether any articles have already described the energy savings possible by replacing all the existing refrigerators with the most efficient possible refrigerators.

I'm not finding much. Some people make kegerators by converting chest freezers, which is similar to making a chest refrigerator in that it involves installing a thermostat which regulates the interior temperature above freezing. There was once an Icy Ball kerosene-fueled refrigerator that opened on the top. It's possible that no modern refrigerator manufacturer makes a top-opening model to attain the maximum possible efficiency.

I also wonder, has anyone tried integrating a refrigerator with a hot-water heater? The temperature of tap water, in summer where I live, anyway, is colder than the typical air temperature. Cooling the refrigerator condenser with incoming tap water would warm it slightly, making it easier for the hot water heater to heat. Another source of cool fluid to heat-sink the refrigerator condenser would be the loop of a geothermal heat pump.

Search the Web with {{Google}} to see if anyone has thought of integrating these technologies:

The second search finds some links on the first page of results.

Energy templates

21:43, 30 July 2008 (UTC): I wrote notes about Energy templates (i.e., energy-related navigation templates) elsewhere on this page. Move all my template-related notes to this section so I can keep track of them more easily.

Template categories

08:21, 30 March 2008 (UTC): I noticed some less than optimal categorization in the templates that appear in energy articles. Presumably the most generally appropriate category would be:

but some templates are in:

I will recategorize the clearly energy-related templates into Category:Energy templates, when I notice them as I browse around energy articles.

I noticed that Category:Energy templates is itself in no category. I looked around for a suitable parent category, and I decided Category:Technology and applied science templates probably makes the most sense.

Templates by other users

As other users create energy-related navigation templates, make sure the template names are correct, and categorize them appropriately.

Template:Petroleum Industry

05:47, 31 July 2008 (UTC): the template is new, and needs the following:

Template:Solar energy

17:50, 30 June 2008 (UTC): I see no navigation template for articles about solar energy, other than one line in {{Renewable energy sources}}. Search for existing work with {{Google wikipedia}} and {{Google custom}}:

Categories:

16:35, 30 July 2008 (UTC): I see that someone made a navigation template for solar energy, but they put it in the wrong place:

The template should not be a subpage of another template. See if any other templates (pages in the Template: namespace) have this mistake:

15:53, 1 August 2008 (UTC): It appears that only Template:Navbox/Solar energy is in the wrong place.

21:53, 2 August 2008 (UTC): so move the template to {{Solar energy}} and add a documentation subpage. Fix the links to it: Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Navbox/Solar energy. 06:06, 4 August 2008 (UTC): done.

Template:Sustainable technology

00:59, 6 August 2008 (UTC): {{Sustainable technology}} has some energy-related links. I could categorize it into Category:Energy templates and give it a documentation subpage per WP:DOC.

Template:Energy in the USA

21:41, 21 August 2008 (UTC): {{Energy in the USA}} can use a documentation subpage per WP:DOC. I think the template could have some more entries. I might split the energy sources group into subgroups for fossils, renewable, and wind (since we have several individual state wind power articles). Also, a group for books could be nice.

Template:Energy templates

05:28, 2 August 2008 (UTC): make an {{Energy templates}} template, similar to {{Google templates}}. The latter goes in the "See also" sections of documentation subpages for templates such as {{Google custom}}. That way, when I add or discover more energy-related templates, I can add links to them from all the other energy-related templates by editing only one template.

Template:Ocean energy

17:42, 27 July 2008 (UTC): make a template about {{Ocean energy}}. Start it in User:Teratornis/Sandbox. Copy from {{Bioenergy}} and edit it.

Search for existing work with {{Google wikipedia}} and {{Google custom}}:

Categories:

Template:Geothermal power

23:54, 27 July 2008 (UTC): make a navigation template for Geothermal power.

Search for existing work with {{Google wikipedia}} and {{Google custom}}:

Somewhat confusingly, the main article for this topic is Geothermal power, but the relevant category is Category:Geothermal energy. I will call the template {{Geothermal power}}, in favor of the main article.

00:56, 6 August 2008 (UTC): I started a draft of the template in User:Teratornis/Sandbox.

Some categories containing articles to add to a {{Geothermal power}} template:

Template:Energy books and films

01:58, 10 August 2008 (UTC): do we have a template for energy books and films yet? I am not finding one with these searches:

List some categories containing articles for this template to link to:

Look for other categories containing links to energy-related books and films. There might not be any or many such categories yet.

A page that lists a lot of books relating to energy, although many of them may not yet have articles on Wikipedia:

List of books about energy issues

Lists (see: WP:LIST):

Look for similar lists:

Wikipedia has many Lists of books. They appear to follow various formats. One illustrative page is:

I would like to add authors to the entries on List of books about energy issues. I think I like the sortable table format on this page:

Here is an interesting book from Category:Books about petroleum politics, by Chris Mooney: The Republican War on Science. However, I'm not seeing anything about energy jumping right out in the following video (other than some mentions of climate change):

More searches to look for books about energy:

06:48, 16 August 2008 (UTC): temporarily paste in the list entries from List of books about energy issues just in case I missed anything when I converted them to a table.

Template:Energy books

04:18, 18 August 2008 (UTC): since there are a lot of books relating to energy, make separate navigation templates for energy-related books and films. Start by making a template for {{Energy books}}. Start it in User:Teratornis/Sandbox. Copy from {{Peak oil}} and edit it.

Template:Energy films

04:18, 18 August 2008 (UTC): also make a {{Energy films}}. Start it in User:Teratornis/Sandbox2.

Categories to check for possible links:

Template:Electricity generation

03:11, 25 August 2008 (UTC): articles such as Intermittent power source, Baseload power, and Capacity factor have no navigation templates yet. Make a navigation template for these types of articles, {{Electricity generation}}. Start it in User:Teratornis/Sandbox2. Lots of articles about Wind power and other Renewable energy sources link to these articles. To understand the scope for renewables, and the arguments pro and con, one must understand the underlying power technology they rely on or impact.

I thought initially about calling this: Template:Power station technology, but then I liked the name {{Electricity generation}}.

Categories:

Neither the Electricity nor the Electricity generation articles have navigation templates. Electricity generation has some bunched-up edit links which I will to fix with the {{FixBunching}} template, if applicable.

Energy-related wikis

17:35, 1 May 2008 (UTC): Wikipedia has a no original research policy. This is necessary on Wikipedia because of its nature, but it has the unfortunate side effect of limiting what users can write, when no published source already happens to say what they want to say. Since many topics relating to energy are controversial, not to mention speculative, look for other wikis which accept a wider range of content on the subject.

Google custom search

The Green Maven site has a Google custom search on Web sites specializing in "green" topics.

WikiProjects

04:20, 16 August 2008 (UTC): I saw that User:GGByte is working on a WikiProject Renewable energy: User:GGByte/Renewable Energy.

Articles that need cleanup

See also

Lists

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference RFA1E was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d Julia Duailibi (2008-04-27). "Ele é o falso vilão" (in Portuguese). Veja Magazine. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
  3. ^ a b c d Goettemoeller, Jeffrey; Adrian Goettemoeller (2007), Sustainable Ethanol: Biofuels, Biorefineries, Cellulosic Biomass, Flex-Fuel Vehicles, and Sustainable Farming for Energy Independence, Praire Oak Publishing, Maryville, Missouri, p. 42, ISBN 978-0-9786293-0-4{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Wilson was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Maria Helena Tachinardi (2008-06-13). "Por que a cana é melhor que o milho" (in Portuguese). Época Magazine. Retrieved 2008-08-06. Print editon pp. 73
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference NYT100406 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference MLA_2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference WorldBank was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b Timothy Searchinger; et al. (2008-02-29). "Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change". Science. 319 (5867): 1238–1240. doi:10.1126/science.1151861. Retrieved 2008-05-09. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) Originally published online in Science Express on 7 February 2008. See Letters to Science by Wang and Haq. There are critics to these findings for assuming a worst case scenario.
  10. ^ "Another Inconvenient Truth" (PDF). Oxfam. 2008-06-28. Retrieved 2008-08-06.Oxfam Briefing Paper 114, figure 2 pp.8
  11. ^ a b Fargione; et al. (2008-02-29). "Land Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt". Science. 319 (5867): 1235–1238. doi:10.1126/science.1152747. Retrieved 2008-08-06. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help) Originally published online in Science Express on 7 February 2008. There are rebuttals to these findings for assuming a worst case scenario
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Folha Online was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ National Renewable Energy Laboratory USDoE (2007-09-17). "Data, Analysis and Trends: Light Duty E85 FFVs in Use (1998-2008)". Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center. Retrieved 2008-08-19. Trend of total FFVs in use from 1998-2008, based on FFV production rates and life expectancy (Excel file)
  14. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Apollo was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition (2008-08-08). "New E85 Stations". NEVC FYI Newsletter (Vol 14 no. 13). Retrieved 2008-08-19.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference ANP07_2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference ANP02_2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Brazil48_20 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Energy Information Administration (August 2007). "Renewable Energy Consumption and Electricity Preliminary 2006 Statistics: Ethanol". EIA. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference BEN2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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