IND Concourse Line: Difference between revisions
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| end = [[145th Street (IND Concourse Line)|145th Street]] |
| end = [[145th Street (IND Concourse Line)|145th Street]] |
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| stations = 12 |
| stations = 12 |
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| daily_ridership = 223,492<ref name="ridership">{{cite web|url=http://mta.info/nyct/facts/ridership/ridership_sub.htm |title=Average weekday subway ridership |author=MTA | |
| daily_ridership = 223,492<ref name="ridership">{{cite web|url=http://mta.info/nyct/facts/ridership/ridership_sub.htm |title=Average weekday subway ridership |author=MTA |access-date=August 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328023018/http://www.mta.info/nyct/facts/ridership/ridership_sub.htm |archive-date=March 28, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> |
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| open = 1933<ref>nycsubway.org—[http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/History_of_the_Independent_Subway#The_Independent.27s_Expansion_in_the_1930s The Independent's Expansion in the 1930s]</ref> |
| open = 1933<ref>nycsubway.org—[http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/History_of_the_Independent_Subway#The_Independent.27s_Expansion_in_the_1930s The Independent's Expansion in the 1930s]</ref> |
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| owner = [[New York City|City of New York]] |
| owner = [[New York City|City of New York]] |
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The Concourse Line runs north to south through the Bronx and portions of Harlem, parallel to the mostly-elevated [[IRT Jerome Avenue Line]] which lies between two and four blocks to the west for its entire length in the Bronx.<ref name=NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929 /> It begins as a two-track line at Norwood – 205th Street, running east-to-west underneath East 205th Street, then under private property, then for a short portion under Van Cortlandt Avenue.<ref name="tracks">{{NYCS const|trackref|trackbook3}}</ref><ref name=NYTimes-INDCncrse-205StRouting-June1929 /><ref name=MTAMap-VanCourtland-Botanic-FordhamPlz-2015>{{Cite NYCS map|neighborhood|Van Cortlandt Park}}</ref><ref name=NYTimes-INDEastSide-April1929>{{cite web|title=City Soon to Launch $600,000,000 Subway for the East Side – Delaney to Submit Plans for New System Including the Bronx in Two Months|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/04/05/95904066.pdf|publisher=[[The New York Times]]| |
The Concourse Line runs north to south through the Bronx and portions of Harlem, parallel to the mostly-elevated [[IRT Jerome Avenue Line]] which lies between two and four blocks to the west for its entire length in the Bronx.<ref name=NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929 /> It begins as a two-track line at Norwood – 205th Street, running east-to-west underneath East 205th Street, then under private property, then for a short portion under Van Cortlandt Avenue.<ref name="tracks">{{NYCS const|trackref|trackbook3}}</ref><ref name=NYTimes-INDCncrse-205StRouting-June1929 /><ref name=MTAMap-VanCourtland-Botanic-FordhamPlz-2015>{{Cite NYCS map|neighborhood|Van Cortlandt Park}}</ref><ref name=NYTimes-INDEastSide-April1929>{{cite web|title=City Soon to Launch $600,000,000 Subway for the East Side – Delaney to Submit Plans for New System Including the Bronx in Two Months|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/04/05/95904066.pdf|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 4, 2015|date=April 5, 1929}}</ref> As it travels west, a center track forms which leads to the [[Concourse Yard]]. The line then curves south at [[Mosholu Parkway]] to the [[Grand Concourse (Bronx)|Grand Concourse]], from which it derives its name, at 206th Street.<ref name="tracks" /><ref name=NYTimes-INDCncrse-205StRouting-June1929 /><ref name=MTAMap-VanCourtland-Botanic-FordhamPlz-2015/> Two tracks from the Concourse Yard arrive between the two revenue tracks with switches and [[diamond crossover]]s between all four of them before the yard tracks merge to form the center track at [[Bedford Park Boulevard (IND Concourse Line)|Bedford Park Boulevard]].<ref name="tracks" /><ref name=NYTimes-INDCncrse-205StRouting-June1929 /> |
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[[File:175 Concourse line underpass jeh.JPG|left|thumb|Passing over 175th Street]] |
[[File:175 Concourse line underpass jeh.JPG|left|thumb|Passing over 175th Street]] |
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== History == |
== History == |
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The IND Concourse Line, also referred to as the '''Bronx−Concourse Line''', was one of the original lines of the city-owned [[Independent Subway System]] (IND).<ref name=NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929 /><ref name=NYTimes-HylanSubway-CulverCrstwnQBL-1925>{{cite news|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1925/03/21/archives/new-subway-routes-in-hylan-program-to-cost-186046000-board-of.html?searchResultPosition=1|title=New Subway Routes in Hylan Program to Cost $186,046,000|date=March 21, 1925|page=1|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The line running from Bedford Park Boulevard to the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]] in Manhattan was approved by the [[New York City Board of Transportation]] on March 10, 1925, with the connection between the two lines approved on March 24, 1927.<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013>{{cite book|author=Joseph B. Raskin|title=The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5b6cAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT112 | |
The IND Concourse Line, also referred to as the '''Bronx−Concourse Line''', was one of the original lines of the city-owned [[Independent Subway System]] (IND).<ref name=NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929 /><ref name=NYTimes-HylanSubway-CulverCrstwnQBL-1925>{{cite news|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1925/03/21/archives/new-subway-routes-in-hylan-program-to-cost-186046000-board-of.html?searchResultPosition=1|title=New Subway Routes in Hylan Program to Cost $186,046,000|date=March 21, 1925|page=1|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The line running from Bedford Park Boulevard to the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]] in Manhattan was approved by the [[New York City Board of Transportation]] on March 10, 1925, with the connection between the two lines approved on March 24, 1927.<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013>{{cite book|author=Joseph B. Raskin|title=The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5b6cAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT112 |access-date=August 12, 2015|date=November 1, 2013|publisher=Fordham University Press|isbn=978-0-8232-5369-2}}</ref> The line was originally intended to be four tracks, rather than three tracks, to Bedford Park Boulevard.<ref name=NYTimes-HylanSubway-CulverCrstwnQBL-1925/><ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013/> This is the only IND line with three tracks (all other IND lines have either two or four tracks). The Concourse line's lower level of the [[145th Street (IND Concourse Line)|145th Street]] station was originally provisioned for four tracks, with the current tracks lining up with those of the upper level. |
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Construction of the line began in July 1928.<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013/> It was originally planned to end the line just past the Bedford Park Boulevard station, with a provision for an eastern extension.<ref name=NYTimes-HylanSubway-CulverCrstwnQBL-1925 /><ref name=NYTimes-INDCncrse-LastSect-1928>{{cite web|title=Board Speeds Subway on Grand Concourse – Bids on Last Section Expected Before New Year – Eastern Spur Contemplated|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1928/09/02/105201433.pdf|publisher=[[The New York Times]]| |
Construction of the line began in July 1928.<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013/> It was originally planned to end the line just past the Bedford Park Boulevard station, with a provision for an eastern extension.<ref name=NYTimes-HylanSubway-CulverCrstwnQBL-1925 /><ref name=NYTimes-INDCncrse-LastSect-1928>{{cite web|title=Board Speeds Subway on Grand Concourse – Bids on Last Section Expected Before New Year – Eastern Spur Contemplated|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1928/09/02/105201433.pdf|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 4, 2015|date=September 2, 1928}}</ref> An alternate approach to the current 205th Street station was proposed in February 1929, extending the line across private property onto Perry Avenue.<ref>{{cite web|title=Subway Extension Urged|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/02/24/95882604.pdf|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 4, 2015|date=February 24, 1929}}</ref> The current routing was selected by June 1929.<ref name=NYTimes-INDCncrse-205StRouting-June1929>{{cite web|title=Opens Subway Bids: Estimate Board Gets Twelve Offers for Bronx Work|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/06/08/95968012.pdf|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 4, 2015|date=June 8, 1929}}</ref> The building of the line and proposed extensions to central and eastern Bronx (see below) led to real estate booms in the area.<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013/> The entire Concourse Line opened on July 1, 1933,<ref name=BklynEagle-INDCncrseOpen-1933>{{cite news|title=Bronx-Concourse New Subway Link Opened at 12:57 A.M.: Adds 21 1/2 Miles to City's System−Connects With Manhattan Line at 145th|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30303616/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle|access-date=October 26, 2015|page=20|date=July 1, 1933}} {{open access}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes-INDCncrseOpen-1933">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1933/07/01/archives/new-bronx-subway-starts-operation-40000000-branch-of-city-system.html|title=New Bronx Subway Starts Operation|date=July 1, 1933|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=February 13, 2010}}</ref> less than ten months after the IND's first line, the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]], opened for service. Initial service was provided by the '''[[C (New York City Subway service)|C]]''' train, at that time an express train, between 205th Street, then via the Eighth Avenue Line, [[Cranberry Street Tunnel]] and the IND South Brooklyn Line (now [[IND Culver Line|Culver Line]]) to [[Bergen Street (IND Culver Line)|Bergen Street]].<ref name=NYTimes-INDCncrseOpen-1933/> The '''CC''' provided local service between [[Bedford Park Boulevard (IND Concourse Line)|Bedford Park Boulevard]] and [[Hudson Terminal (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|Hudson Terminal]] (now World Trade Center).<ref name=NYTimes-INDCncrseOpen-1933/> |
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On December 15, 1940, with the opening of the [[IND Sixth Avenue Line]], the '''[[D (New York City Subway service)|D]]''' train began serving the IND Concourse Line along with the '''C''' and '''CC'''. It made express stops in peak during rush hours and Saturdays and local stops at all other times. '''C''' express service was discontinued in 1949-51, but the '''C''' designation was reinstated in 1985 when double letters used to indicate local service was discontinued. During this time, the '''D''' made local stops along the Concourse Line at all times except rush hours, when the '''C''' ran local to Bedford Park Boulevard. On March 1, 1998, the '''[[B (New York City Subway service)|B]]''' train replaced the '''C''' as the rush-hour local on the Concourse Line, with the '''C''' moving to the Washington Heights portion of the Eighth Avenue Line.<ref name=NYCDCP-BwayJctStudy-2008>{{cite web|title=Broadway Junction Transportation Study: NYC Department of City Planning Final Report-November 2008 |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/transportation/broadway_junction_complete.pdf |website=[[Government of New York City|nyc.gov]] |publisher=[[New York City Department of City Planning]] | |
On December 15, 1940, with the opening of the [[IND Sixth Avenue Line]], the '''[[D (New York City Subway service)|D]]''' train began serving the IND Concourse Line along with the '''C''' and '''CC'''. It made express stops in peak during rush hours and Saturdays and local stops at all other times. '''C''' express service was discontinued in 1949-51, but the '''C''' designation was reinstated in 1985 when double letters used to indicate local service was discontinued. During this time, the '''D''' made local stops along the Concourse Line at all times except rush hours, when the '''C''' ran local to Bedford Park Boulevard. On March 1, 1998, the '''[[B (New York City Subway service)|B]]''' train replaced the '''C''' as the rush-hour local on the Concourse Line, with the '''C''' moving to the Washington Heights portion of the Eighth Avenue Line.<ref name=NYCDCP-BwayJctStudy-2008>{{cite web|title=Broadway Junction Transportation Study: NYC Department of City Planning Final Report-November 2008 |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/transportation/broadway_junction_complete.pdf |website=[[Government of New York City|nyc.gov]] |publisher=[[New York City Department of City Planning]] |access-date=October 27, 2015 |date=November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606140932/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/transportation/broadway_junction_complete.pdf |archive-date=June 6, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> |
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Except for minor maintenance work and a station rehabilitation at [[161st Street–Yankee Stadium (IND Concourse Line)|161st Street–Yankee Stadium]], stations on the Concourse Line have largely been untouched since its opening in 1933, except for entrance closings and other reductions in service areas.{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} [[Kingsbridge Road (IND Concourse Line)|Kingsbridge Road]] was also rehabilitated with new elevators in December 2014.<ref name="MTA-Transit&Bus-Bx46-GChurch-Bx15-KngbdgIND-20132">{{cite web|url=http://mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/130128_1030_TRANSIT.pdf#page=163|title=Transit & Bus Committee Meeting January 2013|date=January 2013|publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531072345/http://mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/130128_1030_TRANSIT.pdf|archive-date=May 31, 2013|url-status=dead| |
Except for minor maintenance work and a station rehabilitation at [[161st Street–Yankee Stadium (IND Concourse Line)|161st Street–Yankee Stadium]], stations on the Concourse Line have largely been untouched since its opening in 1933, except for entrance closings and other reductions in service areas.{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} [[Kingsbridge Road (IND Concourse Line)|Kingsbridge Road]] was also rehabilitated with new elevators in December 2014.<ref name="MTA-Transit&Bus-Bx46-GChurch-Bx15-KngbdgIND-20132">{{cite web|url=http://mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/130128_1030_TRANSIT.pdf#page=163|title=Transit & Bus Committee Meeting January 2013|date=January 2013|publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531072345/http://mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/130128_1030_TRANSIT.pdf|archive-date=May 31, 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=March 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bronx.news12.com/news/new-elevators-running-at-kingsbridge-road-subway-station-in-the-bronx-1.9731121|title=Elevators up and running at Bronx subway stop|date=December 19, 2014|website=[[News 12 The Bronx|bronx.news12.com]]|publisher=[[News 12 The Bronx]]|access-date=September 29, 2015}}</ref> The 2015–2019 [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority|MTA]] Capital Plan called for the Concourse Line's [[167th Street (IND Concourse Line)|167th Street]] and [[174th–175th Streets (IND Concourse Line)|174th–175th Streets]] stations, along with 30 others, to undergo a complete overhaul as part of the [[Enhanced Station Initiative]]. Updates would include cellular service, Wi-Fi, USB charging stations, interactive service advisories and maps, improved signage, and improved station lighting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gothamist.com/2016/01/08/subway_facelift_shutdown.php|title=MTA Will Completely Close 30 Subway Stations For Months-Long "Revamp"|publisher=Gothamist|access-date=July 18, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801200338/http://gothamist.com/2016/01/08/subway_facelift_shutdown.php|archive-date=August 1, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/sites/governor.ny.gov/files/atoms/files/MTAStations.pdf|title=MTAStations|website=governor.ny.gov|publisher=Government of the State of New York|access-date=July 18, 2016}}</ref> 174th–175th Streets reopened on December 26, 2018. |
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===Provisions for expansion=== |
===Provisions for expansion=== |
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The Concourse Line is mostly straight north of 161st Street–Yankee Stadium, but makes a slight right turn north of Bedford Park Boulevard to end at [[Norwood–205th Street (IND Concourse Line)|Norwood–205th Street]], with a provision to extend farther east.<ref name=NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929>{{cite web|last1=Duffus|first1=R.L.|title=Our Great Subway Network Spreads Wider – New Plans of Board of Transportation Involve the Building of More Than One Hundred Miles of Additional Rapid Transit Routes for New York|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/22/archives/our-great-subway-network-spreads-wider-new-plans-of-board-of.html?searchResultPosition=1|work=The New York Times| |
The Concourse Line is mostly straight north of 161st Street–Yankee Stadium, but makes a slight right turn north of Bedford Park Boulevard to end at [[Norwood–205th Street (IND Concourse Line)|Norwood–205th Street]], with a provision to extend farther east.<ref name=NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929>{{cite web|last1=Duffus|first1=R.L.|title=Our Great Subway Network Spreads Wider – New Plans of Board of Transportation Involve the Building of More Than One Hundred Miles of Additional Rapid Transit Routes for New York|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/22/archives/our-great-subway-network-spreads-wider-new-plans-of-board-of.html?searchResultPosition=1|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 19, 2015|date=September 22, 1929}}</ref><ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013/> The original [[IND Second System]] Plan in 1929 proposed extending the line to Baychester Avenue via Burke Avenue and Boston Road. The extension, called "Route 106", was proposed to run elevated over [[Bronx Park]] in the lower-deck of a viaduct connecting 205th Street and Burke Avenue.<ref name=NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929/><ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013/><ref>{{cite web|title=City Board Votes New Subway Links|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=980CEED91030EE32A2575AC1A9659C946694D6CF|website=[[The New York Times|nytimes.com]]|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 3, 2015|date=March 19, 1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=$101,200,000 Asked for 1930 Work on Tubes: Projects Include Jay, Fulton, Crosstown and Queens City Subways|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/58234468/?terms=culver%2Bramp%2Bsubway|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|access-date=September 16, 2015|date=January 14, 1930}}</ref> The first stop on the extension would have been at Gun Hill Road.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B07E4DC1E38E23ABC4051DFBF668382639EDE&legacy=true|title=To Auction Bronx Lots Today|date=September 28, 1929|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 28, 2016}}</ref> The Second System plans had multiple IND lines criss-crossing the five boroughs;<ref name=NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929/> however, the country was in the midst of the [[Great Depression]], and the city had neither the money nor the need to either extend the line east of 205th Street or make the line four tracks.<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013/> A second plan in the 1930s had an additional extension along Burke Avenue to the [[New York, Westchester and Boston Railway]], running north along the railroad to [[Eastchester–Dyre Avenue (IRT Dyre Avenue Line)|Dyre Avenue]]. Preliminary engineering work for the extension along Burke Avenue took place in 1937 and 1938.<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013 /> The city, however, found it easier and less expensive to purchase the railroad (now the [[IRT Dyre Avenue Line]]) and connect it with the [[IRT White Plains Road Line]], which hampered the Burke Avenue−Boston Road extension of the Concourse Line to Baychester Avenue.<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013 /> In the 1960s and 1970 under the city's [[Program for Action]], it was proposed to extend the line a short distance to White Plains Road and [[Burke Avenue (IRT White Plains Road Line)|Burke Avenue]], at the [[IRT White Plains Road Line]].<ref name="int-arch">{{cite web | title=Full text of "Metropolitan transportation, a program for action. Report to Nelson A. Rockefeller, Governor of New York." | website=Internet Archive | date=November 7, 1967 | url=https://archive.org/stream/metropolitantran00newy/metropolitantran00newy_djvu.txt | access-date=October 1, 2015}}</ref> Financial troubles also caused the plan to be aborted. |
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==Station listing== |
==Station listing== |
Revision as of 07:58, 11 January 2021
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2011) |
IND Concourse Line | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Overview | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Owner | City of New York | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locale | Manhattan and The Bronx | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Termini | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stations | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | Rapid transit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
System | New York City Subway | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operator(s) | New York City Transit Authority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Daily ridership | 223,492[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opened | 1933[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line length | 6.5 miles (10.5 km)[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of tracks | 2-3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Character | Underground | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrification | 600V DC third rail | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Concourse Line is an IND rapid transit line of the New York City Subway system. It runs from 205th Street in Norwood, Bronx, primarily under the Grand Concourse, to 145th Street in Harlem, Manhattan. It is the only B Division line, and also the only fully underground line, in the Bronx.
Description and service
The following services use part or all of the IND Concourse Line:[4]
Time period | Section of line | ||
---|---|---|---|
rush hours | other times | ||
local | no service | south of Bedford Park Blvd | |
express (peak direction only) | local | entire line |
The Concourse Line runs north to south through the Bronx and portions of Harlem, parallel to the mostly-elevated IRT Jerome Avenue Line which lies between two and four blocks to the west for its entire length in the Bronx.[5] It begins as a two-track line at Norwood – 205th Street, running east-to-west underneath East 205th Street, then under private property, then for a short portion under Van Cortlandt Avenue.[6][7][8][9] As it travels west, a center track forms which leads to the Concourse Yard. The line then curves south at Mosholu Parkway to the Grand Concourse, from which it derives its name, at 206th Street.[6][7][8] Two tracks from the Concourse Yard arrive between the two revenue tracks with switches and diamond crossovers between all four of them before the yard tracks merge to form the center track at Bedford Park Boulevard.[6][7]
South of this station, the two outer tracks depress into a lower level and merge into a single center express track, while the center track splits to become the local tracks. The line then runs south with diamond crossovers at Tremont Avenue. Due to the terrain, the vicinity of 174th–175th Street station is uniquely built both underground and over 175th Street. Between 170th Street and 167th Street are more switches and crossovers, with a lay-up track adjacent to the Manhattan-bound local track.[6]
The line curves west before 161st Street–Yankee Stadium and crosses the Harlem River into Manhattan via the Concourse Tunnel. There is one more stop, 155th Street, before the line curves south and joins the IND Eighth Avenue Line at the lower level of 145th Street.[6]
History
The IND Concourse Line, also referred to as the Bronx−Concourse Line, was one of the original lines of the city-owned Independent Subway System (IND).[5][10] The line running from Bedford Park Boulevard to the IND Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan was approved by the New York City Board of Transportation on March 10, 1925, with the connection between the two lines approved on March 24, 1927.[11] The line was originally intended to be four tracks, rather than three tracks, to Bedford Park Boulevard.[10][11] This is the only IND line with three tracks (all other IND lines have either two or four tracks). The Concourse line's lower level of the 145th Street station was originally provisioned for four tracks, with the current tracks lining up with those of the upper level.
Construction of the line began in July 1928.[11] It was originally planned to end the line just past the Bedford Park Boulevard station, with a provision for an eastern extension.[10][12] An alternate approach to the current 205th Street station was proposed in February 1929, extending the line across private property onto Perry Avenue.[13] The current routing was selected by June 1929.[7] The building of the line and proposed extensions to central and eastern Bronx (see below) led to real estate booms in the area.[11] The entire Concourse Line opened on July 1, 1933,[3][14] less than ten months after the IND's first line, the IND Eighth Avenue Line, opened for service. Initial service was provided by the C train, at that time an express train, between 205th Street, then via the Eighth Avenue Line, Cranberry Street Tunnel and the IND South Brooklyn Line (now Culver Line) to Bergen Street.[14] The CC provided local service between Bedford Park Boulevard and Hudson Terminal (now World Trade Center).[14]
On December 15, 1940, with the opening of the IND Sixth Avenue Line, the D train began serving the IND Concourse Line along with the C and CC. It made express stops in peak during rush hours and Saturdays and local stops at all other times. C express service was discontinued in 1949-51, but the C designation was reinstated in 1985 when double letters used to indicate local service was discontinued. During this time, the D made local stops along the Concourse Line at all times except rush hours, when the C ran local to Bedford Park Boulevard. On March 1, 1998, the B train replaced the C as the rush-hour local on the Concourse Line, with the C moving to the Washington Heights portion of the Eighth Avenue Line.[15]
Except for minor maintenance work and a station rehabilitation at 161st Street–Yankee Stadium, stations on the Concourse Line have largely been untouched since its opening in 1933, except for entrance closings and other reductions in service areas.[citation needed] Kingsbridge Road was also rehabilitated with new elevators in December 2014.[16][17] The 2015–2019 MTA Capital Plan called for the Concourse Line's 167th Street and 174th–175th Streets stations, along with 30 others, to undergo a complete overhaul as part of the Enhanced Station Initiative. Updates would include cellular service, Wi-Fi, USB charging stations, interactive service advisories and maps, improved signage, and improved station lighting.[18][19] 174th–175th Streets reopened on December 26, 2018.
Provisions for expansion
The Concourse Line is mostly straight north of 161st Street–Yankee Stadium, but makes a slight right turn north of Bedford Park Boulevard to end at Norwood–205th Street, with a provision to extend farther east.[5][11] The original IND Second System Plan in 1929 proposed extending the line to Baychester Avenue via Burke Avenue and Boston Road. The extension, called "Route 106", was proposed to run elevated over Bronx Park in the lower-deck of a viaduct connecting 205th Street and Burke Avenue.[5][11][20][21] The first stop on the extension would have been at Gun Hill Road.[22] The Second System plans had multiple IND lines criss-crossing the five boroughs;[5] however, the country was in the midst of the Great Depression, and the city had neither the money nor the need to either extend the line east of 205th Street or make the line four tracks.[11] A second plan in the 1930s had an additional extension along Burke Avenue to the New York, Westchester and Boston Railway, running north along the railroad to Dyre Avenue. Preliminary engineering work for the extension along Burke Avenue took place in 1937 and 1938.[11] The city, however, found it easier and less expensive to purchase the railroad (now the IRT Dyre Avenue Line) and connect it with the IRT White Plains Road Line, which hampered the Burke Avenue−Boston Road extension of the Concourse Line to Baychester Avenue.[11] In the 1960s and 1970 under the city's Program for Action, it was proposed to extend the line a short distance to White Plains Road and Burke Avenue, at the IRT White Plains Road Line.[23] Financial troubles also caused the plan to be aborted.
Station listing
Station service legend | |
---|---|
Stops all times | |
Stops all times except late nights | |
Stops weekdays during the day | |
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction | |
Stops rush hours only | |
Time period details | |
Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act | |
↑ | Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act in the indicated direction only |
↓ | |
Elevator access to mezzanine only |
Neighborhood (approximate) |
Station | Tracks | Services | Opened | Transfers and notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Norwood | Norwood–205th Street | all | D | July 1, 1933 | ||
Center track begins from connection to Concourse Yard | ||||||
Bedford Park | Bedford Park Boulevard | all | B D | July 1, 1933 | Northern terminal of B trains | |
Kingsbridge Road | all | B D | July 1, 1933 | |||
Fordham Heights | Fordham Road | all | B D | July 1, 1933 | Bx12 Select Bus Service Connection to Metro-North Railroad (Harlem and New Haven Lines at Fordham) | |
182nd–183rd Streets | local | B D | July 1, 1933 | |||
Tremont | Tremont Avenue | all | B D | July 1, 1933 | ||
174th–175th Streets | local | B D | July 1, 1933 | |||
Highbridge | 170th Street | local | B D | July 1, 1933 | ||
Highbridge / Concourse | 167th Street | local | B D | July 1, 1933 | ||
161st Street–Yankee Stadium | local | B D | July 1, 1933 | Bx6 Select Bus Service IRT Jerome Avenue Line (4 ) Connection to Metro-North Railroad (Hudson Line at Yankees–East 153rd Street) | ||
Crosses Harlem River into Manhattan via the Concourse Tunnel | ||||||
Harlem | 155th Street | local | B D | July 1, 1933 | ||
145th Street | all | B D | September 10, 1932 | IND Eighth Avenue Line (A C ) | ||
Merges with IND Eighth Avenue Line (B D ) |
References
- ^ MTA. "Average weekday subway ridership". Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
- ^ nycsubway.org—The Independent's Expansion in the 1930s
- ^ a b "Bronx-Concourse New Subway Link Opened at 12:57 A.M.: Adds 21 1/2 Miles to City's System−Connects With Manhattan Line at 145th". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. July 1, 1933. p. 20. Retrieved October 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Subway Service Guide" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Duffus, R.L. (September 22, 1929). "Our Great Subway Network Spreads Wider – New Plans of Board of Transportation Involve the Building of More Than One Hundred Miles of Additional Rapid Transit Routes for New York". The New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Dougherty, Peter (2006) [2002]. Tracks of the New York City Subway 2006 (3rd ed.). Dougherty. OCLC 49777633 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c d "Opens Subway Bids: Estimate Board Gets Twelve Offers for Bronx Work" (PDF). The New York Times. June 8, 1929. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
- ^ a b "MTA Neighborhood Maps: neighborhood". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
- ^ "City Soon to Launch $600,000,000 Subway for the East Side – Delaney to Submit Plans for New System Including the Bronx in Two Months" (PDF). The New York Times. April 5, 1929. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
- ^ a b c "New Subway Routes in Hylan Program to Cost $186,046,000". The New York Times. March 21, 1925. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Joseph B. Raskin (November 1, 2013). The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System. Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0-8232-5369-2. Retrieved August 12, 2015.
- ^ "Board Speeds Subway on Grand Concourse – Bids on Last Section Expected Before New Year – Eastern Spur Contemplated" (PDF). The New York Times. September 2, 1928. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
- ^ "Subway Extension Urged" (PDF). The New York Times. February 24, 1929. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
- ^ a b c "New Bronx Subway Starts Operation". The New York Times. July 1, 1933. Retrieved February 13, 2010.
- ^ "Broadway Junction Transportation Study: NYC Department of City Planning Final Report-November 2008" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. November 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 6, 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
- ^ "Transit & Bus Committee Meeting January 2013" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. January 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 31, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
- ^ "Elevators up and running at Bronx subway stop". bronx.news12.com. News 12 The Bronx. December 19, 2014. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
- ^ "MTA Will Completely Close 30 Subway Stations For Months-Long "Revamp"". Gothamist. Archived from the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
- ^ "MTAStations" (PDF). governor.ny.gov. Government of the State of New York. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
- ^ "City Board Votes New Subway Links". nytimes.com. The New York Times. March 19, 1937. Retrieved July 3, 2015.
- ^ "$101,200,000 Asked for 1930 Work on Tubes: Projects Include Jay, Fulton, Crosstown and Queens City Subways". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. January 14, 1930. Retrieved September 16, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "To Auction Bronx Lots Today". The New York Times. September 28, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
- ^ "Full text of "Metropolitan transportation, a program for action. Report to Nelson A. Rockefeller, Governor of New York."". Internet Archive. November 7, 1967. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
External links
- Media related to IND Concourse Line at Wikimedia Commons
- IND Concourse Line (NYCSubway.org)