Indonesian National Armed Forces
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2007) |
| Military of Indonesia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Personnel | |
| Available for military service | 60,543,028, age 18–49 (2005 est.) |
| Fit for military service | 48,687,234, age 18–49 (2005 est.) |
| Reaching military age annually | 2,201,047 (2005 est.) |
| Expenditure | |
| Budget | $1.3 billion (2004) |
| Percent of GDP | 3% |
Indonesia's armed forces (Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia, abbreviated as TNI, formerly Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia, abbreviated as ABRI, total about 361,823 members, including the Army (TNI-AD), Navy (including marines) (TNI-AL), and Air Force (TNI-AU). The army is by far the largest, with about 276,953 active-duty personnel. Defence spending in the national budget is only 3% of GDP but is supplemented by revenue from many military-run businesses and foundations.
Air Chief Marshal Djoko Suyanto is the Commander-in-Chief.
The Indonesian National Police were for many years a branch of the armed forces. The police were formally separated from the military in April 1999, a process which was formally completed in July 2000. With 150,000 personnel, the police form a much smaller portion of the population than in most nations. The total number of national and local police in 2006 was approximately 470,000.
Following the 2004 tsunami in Aceh the American government suspended the spare parts embargo for non-lethal equipment and military vehicles to support the humanitarian effort in the tsunami-devastated Indonesian regions of Aceh and Nias.
On 22 November 2005, the U.S. announced that military ties with Indonesia would be restored. The decision would end the six-year U.S. ban on arms sales. [1]
By cooperating with local military equipment manufacturers such as Pindad, PAL, PT DI and Hoverindo Nusa Persada, the Indonesian military is now capable of manufacturing its own military equipment, which mostly ranges in areas of small arms and a type of tactical Infantry Fighting Vehicle such as Barracuda due to Indonesia's inability to master more advanced and larger weaponry such as armor, air and naval units [citation needed].
Political role of the military
During the Suharto era, the military was sometimes said to have a "dual function" (dwifungsi) in Indonesia; first, it would preserve the internal and external security of the country, preserving it as a unified nation, and second, it would ensure that government policy followed a path that the military leadership felt was wise.
This justified substantial military interference in politics. Long-time president Suharto was an army general, and was strongly supported by most of the military establishment. Traditionally a significant number of cabinet members had military backgrounds, while active duty and retired military personnel occupied a large number of seats in the parliament. Commanders of the various territorial commands played influential roles in the affairs of their respective regions.
Indonesia has not had a substantial conflict with its neighbours since the 1963-1965 confrontation with Malaysia, although competing South China Sea claims, where Indonesia has large natural gas reserves, concern the Indonesian government. Without a credible external threat in the region, the military's primary role in practice has been to assure internal security. Military leaders now say they wish to transform the military to a professional, external security force but acknowledge that the armed forces will continue to play an internal security role for some time.
In the post-Suharto period since 1998, civilian and military leaders have advocated removing the military from politics (for example, the military's representatives in parliament have been much reduced), but the military's political influence remains extensive. The TNI has been notorious since the alleged massacre of pro-communist ethnic Chinese in 1965-6 and the East Timor Crisis, which in both events, the TNI allegedly neglected and killed hundreds and thousands of people.
Army
Estimated strength 285,953
Military Area Command
Military Area Commands (Kodam), incorporating provincial and district commands each with a number of infantry battalions, sometimes a cavalry battalion, artillery, or engineers[1]. Currently there are 12 Military Commands, and those are:
Kodam Iskandar Muda, overseeing Aceh province as part of the Aceh special autonomy law. Previously under the Kodam I/Bukit Barisan.
Kodam I/Bukit Barisan, overseeing northern Sumatra provinces of North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Riau and Riau Islands.
Kodam II/Sriwijaya, overseeing southern provinces on Sumatra island of Jambi, Bengkulu, Bangka Belitung, South Sumatra and Lampung.
Kodam Jaya, overseeing Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia. Kodam Jaya also oversees two regions outside Jakarta of Bekasi which actually in West Java province and Tangerang which is in Banten province.
Kodam III/Siliwangi, overseeing West Java and Banten provinces.
Kodam IV/Diponegoro, overseeing Central Java and Yogyakarta provinces.
Kodam V/Brawijaya, overseeing East Java province.
Kodam VI/Tanjungpura, overseeing all provinces on Kalimantan island (Borneo) of Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and West Kalimantan.
Kodam VII/Wirabuana, overseeing all provinces on Sulawesi island of Gorontalo, Central Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi and West Sulawesi.
Kodam IX/Udayana, overseeing provinces of Bali, East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara. Former Indonesian province of East Timor was also under the jurisdiction of Kodam IX/Udayana.
Kodam XVI/Pattimura, overseeing Maluku and North Maluku provinces.
Kodam XVII/Trikora, overseeing West Irian Jaya and Papua provinces.
Special Forces Command (Kopassus), est 5,530 Five groups
Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad), est 35,000
1st Division, with 3rd, 13th, and 17th Airborne Brigades
2nd Division, with 6th, 9th, 18th Airborne Brigades
The Army's equipment
Main Battle Tanks : 100 x T-90S Shtora will serve in Indonesian Army Corps in the future. Kampfpanzer Leopard 2A6E also could be serve in the future with Indonesian Army Corps.
Light Tanks : 275 x AMX-13, 90 x FV101 Scorpion (most with 90mm guns), 50 x PT-76,80 x AMX-10P/PAC-90 (both are used by Marine Corps Cavalry Detachment), and marine will also use 20 x BMP-3F light tanks.
Armoured Unit and Armored Personnel Carriers : 40 x Alvis Stormer AVLB, 200 x Commando Ranger, 78 x Alvis Saladin, 55 x Ferret armoured car, 28 x Commando Scout, 50 x Commando Stormer, 200 x AMX-VCI MICV, 182 x AMX-VTT, 55 x Alvis Saracen (14 upgraded), 58 x V-150 Commando, 130 x BTR-40S (Modified), 50 x Renault VAB, 150 x BTR-50, 18 x Panhard VBL, 12 x BTR-80A, 100 x pindad APS, 40 x pindad APR.
Self-Propelled Artillery : 140 x 105mm howitzer, 60 x AMX FV MK61 105 mm
Towed Artillery : 76mm: 50 x M48 guns/howitzers; 105 mm: 170 x M-101, 10 x M56; 155mm: field howitzer (FH) 88
Mortars : 875 x 81mm, 800 x 120mm, 75 x Brandt
Recoilless Rifles : 90 x M67 90 mm, 45 x M-40A1 105 mm ; 700 x LRAC (Anti armor) 88 mm
Anti-Aircraft Guns : 125 x Rheinmetal 20 mm, 90 x Bofors L70 , 200 x S-60 57 mm, 20x ZSU-23-4 Shilka 23 mm
Surface to Air Missile : 51 x Rapier missile with Blindfire tracking radar, 42 x RBS-70 MANPADS, 26 x QW-3 Vanguard (Used by Indonesian Air Force Korpaskhas), Sea Cat SAM & Mistral SAM (both are used by Indonesian Navy), SA-2 Guideline (V-75 Dvina).
Anti-Tank Weapons : RPG-7V, Carl Gustav recoilless rifle, LRAC 89
Engineer Vehicles : AMX-13 ARV, VT-55A (T-54/55) ARV, AMX-13 AVLB, Stormer HMLC
Unarmored Vehicles : Steyr 700 AP, Nissan Q4W73, DAF YA 400, Land Rover LWB, M-151 Jeep, Leyland 4000 kg, Unimog trucks, Steyr 680M, Bedford MK, Steyr 17M29, Cakra FAV, Flyer FAV, Casspir (used by Kopassus)
Other : 12 x NDL-40 77 mm (built by PTDI), 6x RM-70 Grad 122 mm (used by Marine Corps), 24 BM-14 140 mm
Aircraft inventory
All Indonesian Army Corps aircraft's served in DINAS PENERBANGAN TNI-AD, abbreviated as DINAS PENERBAD (Indonesian Army Aviation).
In 2004, Indonesia received 2 Mil Mi-35 Attack helicopters from Rosoboronexport and will receive 5 more Mi-35P units in 2007. Some rumours said that Indonesian Army Corps will purchase AA-8 Aphid (Vympel R-60) and AT-16 Scallion (9K121 Vikhr) to strengthen their Mi-35P. Indonesian Army Corps also plan to buy Mil Mi-26 Halo, Boeing CH-47 Chinook, Kamov Ka-32A and PZL Swidnik W-3 Sokol.
The Army operates 85 aircraft, including 73 helicopters.
Template:Standard table
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Aircraft
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Versions
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service[1]
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes
|-----
| Aero Commander || 
United States ||utility transport|| 680 || 3 ||
|-----
| Bell 47 || United States || utility helicopter || 47G || 10 ||
|-----
| Bell 205 || United States || utility helicopter || 205A-1 || 10 ||
|-----
| Bell 412 || United States || transport helicopter || 412, 412SP || 14 ||
|-----
| Britten-Norman Islander || 
United Kingdom || utility transport || BN-2A || 1 ||
|-----
| CASA C-212 Aviocar || 
Spain || tactical transport || || 2 ||
|-----
| Cessna 310 || United States || utility transport || || 4 ||
|-----
| Douglas DC-3 || United States || tactical transport || C-47 || 2 ||
|-----
| Eurocopter Bo 105 || 
Indonesia || utility helicopter || || 17 || built by IPTN
|-----
| Mil Mi-17 Hip || 
Russia || transport & light attack helicopter || Mi-17-5 || 17 ||
|-----
| Mil Mi-35 Hind || Russia || attack helicopter || Mi-35P || 7 ||
|-----
| Schweizer 300 || United States || utility helicopter || 300C || 6 ||
|}
Personnel of the Indonesian Navy is estimated at 57,197. The Indonesian Navy purchased a number of ships of the former East German navy in the 1990s. Navy vessels include KRI Cobra and others. In 2006, Indonesian Navy purchased 2 Kilo class - 636 conventional submarines, 2 Shipset Yakhont Missile and 20 BMP-3F amphibious light tank with option of 100 more BMP-3 from Russia. Indonesia also plan to buy landing craft ships from Russia.
Aircraft inventory
All Indonesian Navy aircrafts served in DINAS PENERBANGAN TNI-AL (Indonesian Naval Aviation)
Indonesian Navy also purchased 8 Mi-2 (now based in Surabaya), but there are still only 2 arrived due to problems with Indonesian Navy Agencies.
The Navy operates 75 aircraft, including 23 helicopters.
Template:Standard table
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Aircraft
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Versions
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service[1]
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes
|-----
| Bell 412 || United States || transport helicopter || || 3 ||
|-----
| CASA C-212 Aviocar || Spain
Indonesia || tactical transport || C-212
NC-212 || 8
3 || NC-212 built by IPTN
|-----
| CASA CN-235 || Indonesia || tactical transport || || 8 || built by IPTN
|-----
| De Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo || 
Canada || tactical transport || DHC-5D || 2 ||
|-----
| Eurocopter Bo 105 || Indonesia || utility helicopter || Bo 105C || 8 ||
|-----
| Eurocopter Cougar || Indonesia || transport helicopter || AS 332F || 12 ||
|-----
| GAF Nomad || 
Australia || utility || || 21 ||
|-----
| Piper PA-34 || United States || utility || || 4 ||
|-----
| Piper PA-38 || United States || utility || PA-38-112 || 6 ||
|-----
|PZL M-28 Skytruck || 
Poland || transport || || 2 || built by PZL Mielec
|}
Air Force
Personnel of the Indonesian Air Force total 27,673.
Before Indonesian Independence (1941-1945)
Several Indonesian guerillas pilots and cadets who were formerly from Netherland East Indies Air Force (Dutch Flying School) and Imperial Japanese Army Air Forces, survived several ex-Netherland East Indies Air Force's aircraft (including Curtiss P-36 Mohawk, Brewster F2A Buffalo and Fokker D.XXI fighters; Glenn Martin B-10 bombers; Fokker C.X reconnaissance floatplane) left before the colonialization of Japan in 1941. They were trying to save all of the aircrafts (some said in remote areas) as a preparation for the coming invasion of Netherlands. Unfortunately, no one of the aircrafts can be used after 1945. But, some sources said that little numbers of Glenn Martin B-10 were still in a very good condition and flyable, but can't be used intensively due to lack of ammunitions, bombs and fuel for the aircrafts. This problem made most of the aircrafts are unprepared for the coming invasion.
Indonesian War of Independence/The Netherlands Policionil Action (1945-1949)
After the Japanese surrendered at the end of WW II, Indonesian nationalist leader Soekarno declared Indonesian Independence on August 17th, 1945. Several days later, a People Security Force (Badan Keamanan Rakyat) was formed to undertake security duties. This made Indonesian Air Force as the second Air Force in Soth East Asia. The Air Division of this force was also formed, using ex-Japanese planes scattered everywhere, especially in the island of Java, included Bugis Air Base in Malang (situated in 18 September 1945). The most numerous of these airplanes were the Kawanishi K5Y1 Willow (Curen) trainers, which were hastily used to train newly recruited cadets. At the time of the founding, there was only 1 Indonesian holding a multi-engine pilot licence from the pre-war Dutch Flying School (but never had any opportunity to fly during the 3.5-year Japanese occupation). He was assisted by a few Japanese pilots who decided to stay in the newly born country. The new roundel was created simply by painting white on the lower part of the Japanese Hinomaru, reflecting the red & white of Indonesian flag. The People Security Force was then re-organized to form a formal armed force. This marked the birth of the Indonesian Air Force on April 9th, 1946. However, tensions rose as the Dutch tried to re-claim her former colony and launched an assault in July 21st, 1947, destroying most of the planes on the ground. Some planes survived though and were hidden in remote bases.
July 29th, 1947 marked the first air operation by the newborn air force as 3 surviving aircraft comprising 2 Kawanishi K5Y1 Willows (Curen) and a Mitsubishi Ki-51 Sonia (the fourth aircraft, a Nakajima Ki-43 Oscar (Hayabusha), should also be involved in the raid, but until the time the raid was launched, the aircraft never reached airworthy condition) conducted air raids at dawn on Dutch Army barracks in 3 cities of Semarang, Salatiga and Ambarawa, dropping incendiary bombs. Tactically, these raids did not have any effect on the Dutch positions, but psychologically it was a great success as it proved that the Indonesian Air Force still exists. The Dutch had previously claimed the destruction of Indonesian Air Force in their assault before and they never expected any attack from the sky.
Indonesian guerillas, young cadets and pilots also captured other ex-Japanese aircraft, such as Aichi B7A Grace (Ryusei) (torpedo bomber), Aichi D3A Val (dive bomber), Aichi E13A Jake (reconnaissance floatplane), Kawanishi H6K Mavis (reconnaissance flying boat), Mitsubishi G3M Nell (medium bomber), Mitsubishi G4M Betty (medium bomber), Mitsubishi Ki-21 Sally/Gwen (medium bomber) and Nakajima B5N Kate (torpedo and level bomber). But, most aircraft destroyed by Netherland's bombers raids and fighters during the war. Luckily, several Mitsubishi A6M Zero (Reisen) saved in remote area even no one of this type of aircraft reached airworthy condition. Later, most A6M2 removed to Kalijati Air Base (near Subang, West Java) and one plane saved in Museum Dirgantara Mandala, Yogyakarta (located near Adi Sucipto Airport, Yogyakarta).
With the pressure from the United Nations, the Dutch finally agreed to acknowledge Indonesian independence and a peace treaty was signed in 1949, ending the confrontation. The Dutch armed forces left (except in Papua, where they stayed until 1963) and the airplanes were surrendered to the Indonesians. These comprised of, among others, North American P-51 Mustang, North American B-25 Mitchell, Douglas A-26 Invader, Douglas C-47 Dakota and Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina, which served as the main forces of the Indonesian Air Force for the following decade. During this era, Indonesia received her first jet aircraft; De Havilland DH-115 Vampire. It was also during this era that the national roundels were changed to red & white pentagon.
Indonesian Air Force also received other ex-Netherland aircraft, such as, Curtiss P-40 Warhawk and Kittyhawk, Vought F4U Corsair and Supermarine Spitfire. Unfortunately, most of them were unable to reach service with Indonesia Air Force because of the plane's bad condition. Later, P-40, F4U and Spitfire removed to Kalijati Air Base (near Subang, West Java).
In 1948, a motorized aircraft, WEL-X was built by a young Indonesian cadets, Wiweko Soepono by utilizing a Harley Davidson engine. The small craft was registered as RI-X. This era marked the rise of several aeromodeling club.
In this period, Indonesian Air Force also struggling against several local rebels in Indonesia, such as PRRI-PERMESTA, Darul Islam-Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) and Republic of South Maluku separatist (RMS).
The Golden Era of Soviet Influence (1962-1965)
The rise of the communist party in Indonesia has drawn Indonesia closer to the Eastern Block. Several Soviet-built aircraft began to arrive in the early 60’s. Indonesia even became the first non-Soviet country to receive and operate the new Tu-16 Badger bombers. Up to 25 Tu-16 Badgers arrived and gave a great deterrent power when facing some rebellions and confrontations. Several kinds of MiG also arrived comprising MiG-15UTI Fagot, MiG-17F/PF Fresco, MiG-19S Farmer and F-13 Fishbed, supported with Il-28 Beagle, Mi-4 Hound, Mi-6 Hook and An-12 Cub.Indonesia also received La-11. Some Tu-2 from China also arrived, intended to replace the B-25, but sadly they never reached operational status. These aircraft served along with the remaining western aircraft such as B-25 Mitchell, A-26 Invader, C-47 Dakota, and P-51 Mustang. It was during this period that the Indonesian Air Force became the largest air force in the southern hemisphere. This era also marked the last confrontation with the Dutch in Papua, before the Dutch, again under pressure of the United Nations, finally left Indonesia in 1963.
In this period, Indonesian Air Force also confrontate with Malaysian Federation (backed by United Kingdom) along the borderside of Kalimantan, Malacca Strait and near the Singapore Border.
The Coup of G-30S/PKI and The Fallen of Soekarno (1966-1970)
The coup lead by PKI (Communist Party of Indonesia/Partai Komunis Indonesia) in 1965 changed everything and a new anti-communist regime from Army Corps, led by Major General Suharto, took power. Ties with the Eastern block countries were cut, and thus support and spare parts for the planes became short. By the early 70’s most of the Eastern block planes are either grounded or scrapped. The largest air force in the southern hemisphere slowly but sure became one of the smallest one. In this period Indonesian Air Force bought 8 units of Rockwell OV-10F Bronco for counter intersurgency purpose and Lockheed C-130A/B Hercules for transport.
In this period, Indonesian Air Force helped Timor Portuguese (now, East Timor or Timor Leste) anti-communist armed partizan against pro-communist FRETILIN partizan in 1968. Later, Timor Leste unified with Indonesia in July,17th 1968. Uniquely, in this conflict, several numbers of Soviet-made aircrafts were still in service with Indonesian Air Force, such as MiG-21F-13 Fishbed, MiG-17F and MiG-17PF Fresco.
Newborn of Indonesian Air Force (1970-1980)
Indonesia recovered soon by receiving ex-Royal Australian Air Force CAC CA-27 Avon-Sabre's to replace their bulky MiG-21's.
Indonesia then purchased BAe Hawk Mk 53 from United Kingdom and about 20 units of Beechcraft T-34C Turbo Mentors from United States in 1970's era.
The Great Influence of Western Product (1980-1998)
Indonesia received 25 ex-Israeli A-4 Skyhawks in 1981. In 1982, Indonesia purchased 12 Northrop F-5E/F Tiger II from United States to replace their North American Sabre's. After a tight competition for a new fighter bomber with Dassault Mirage 2000 from France during 1986 to 1988 (especially after Indonesian Air Show in 1986), Indonesia bought 12 F-16A/B Fighting Falcon Block 15 OCU as a new fighter to strengthen Indonesian Air Force in 1989. Until now, 10 F-16A and F-16B still in service with Indonesian Air Force, 2 planes crashed in two different accidents. Indonesian Air Force bought BAe Hawk Mk 209 in 1990's era.
Facing Back to Non Western Product, Indonesian Air Force Today (1998-until now)
In 2005 the Indonesian Air Force experienced a logistics crisis, especially in regard to the F-16 Fighting Falcons and A-4 Skyhawks that account for almost 80% of the total number of Indonesian combat aircraft. The supply of spare parts for these aircraft from the United States was stopped due to an embargo imposed on Indonesia following a number of violations against civil and human rights in East Timor. This led to the grounding of most of the Western-made fighter.
In response to this embargo, in 2003 the Indonesian Air Force bought two Sukhoi Aerospace Su-27 Flankers and two Sukhoi Aerospace Su-30 Flanker-Ds from KnAAPO, Russia. In 2006, The Indonesian Air force has agreed to purchase three Sukhoi Aerospace Su-27SKM Flankers, three Sukhoi Aerospace Su-30MK2 Flanker-Ds From KnAAPO.
To date, the Indonesian Air Force has only acquired four types of missiles - the AS-1 Kennel (KS-1 Kometa), AIM-9 Sidewinder, AGM-65 Maverick and AA-2 Atoll (Vympel K-13). In the future, Indonesia will purchase more advance air-to-air missile, such as AA-10 Alamo (Vympel R-27), AA-11 Archer (Vympel R-73), AA-12 Adder (Vympel R-77) and AA-X-13 Arrow (Vympel R-37), as well as other air-to-ground missiles AS-14 Kedge; anti ship missiles (Zvezda-Strela Kh-31 (AS-17 Krypton) and Raduga NPO Kh-59ME (AS-18 Kazoo)); general purpose bombs and cluster bombs from Russia, to strengthen their 5 Su-27SK and 5 Su-30MK2.
In order to modernize their F-16A/B, Indonesian Air Force also plan to upgrade their F-16 version to F-16C/D standard. Indonesian Air Force also plan to replace their OV-10F Bronco, F-5E/F Tiger II and BAe Hawk Mk-53 before 2008 with new airplanes. The competitors for those planes are still in evaluation, such as K-8 Karakorum from China, Yakovlev Yak-130 from Russia, Aermacchi MB-339A from Brazil and L-159 Alca from Czech Republic to replace their Hawk Mk-53; Embraer EMB-314 Super Tucano from Brazil and KO-1 (Armed KT-1) from South Korea to replace their OV-10F Bronco. As a replacement for Northrop F-5E/F Tiger II, military analyst predict that they will evaluate F-16C/D Block 50/52 from USA, SAAB JAS 39C/D Gripen from Sweden, A-50 from South Korea, Chengdu J-10 (import as F-10 Vanguard) from China and other products from Russia, (could be MiG-35E (MiG-29OVT) Fulcrum) .
Indonesian Air Force also plan to modernize their C-130A and C-130B Hercules to C-130J or C-130H variants and will purchase C-130J and C-130H Hercules before 2020.
Military analyst also predict that Indonesian Air Force will need more than 50 units of Su-27s variants (Su-27SKM, Su-30MKI as a refurbished variant of Su-30 to replace their F-16A/B if necessary and Su-30MK2) and they will modernize their Su-27s to the same capabilities as Chinese, Indian and Malaysian (especially similar with the Indian Su-30MKI's requirement) Su-27s and Su-30s (with thrust vector control (TVC) making it as superior as any variants of F-15 Eagle, canard, improved radar, fuel system and etc).
In 2002, Indonesian Air Force struggling against local separatist, such as Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) and Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM). In the conflict with GAM in Aceh, Indonesian Air Force often used OV-10F effectively for counter-intersurgency purpose along with BAe Hawk 53 and 209.
Aircraft inventory
The Air Force operates 250 aircraft, over 70 combat jets and 63 helicopters.
Template:Standard table
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Aircraft
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Versions
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service[1]
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes
|-----
| Aermacchi SF-260 || 
Italy || trainer || SF-260W || 15 ||
|-----
| Aérospatiale Puma || Indonesia || transport & light attack helicopter || SA 330J || 12 || built by PTDI
|-----
| BAe Hawk || United Kingdom || Advanced trainer/ LCA || Hawk 53
Hawk 109
Hawk 209 || 16
8
24 ||
|-----
| Beechcraft T-34 Mentor || United States || trainer || T-34C || 19 ||
|-----
| Boeing 737 || United States || special missions || 737-200
737-200 Adv || 3
1 ||
|-----
| CASA C-212 Aviocar || Spain || tactical transport || || 12 ||
|-----
| CASA CN-235 || Indonesia || tactical transport || || 12 || built by PTDI
|-----
| Cessna 207 || United States || utility || T207 || 5 ||
|-----
| Cessna 401 || United States || utility transport || 401A || 5 ||
|-----
| Cessna 402 || United States || utility transport || || 2 ||
|-----
| de Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo || Canada || tactical transport || DHC-5D || 3 ||
|-----
| Eurocopter Colibri || 
Europe || utility helicopter || EC 120B || 12 ||
|-----
| Eurocopter Cougar || Indonesia || transport helicopter || AS 332
AS 332L
AS 322TT || 3
2
5 || built by PTDI
|-----
| FFA AS-202 Bravo || 
Switzerland || trainer || || 32 ||
|-----
| Fokker F27 Friendship || 
Netherlands || tactical transport || F27-400M || 6 ||
|-----
| Fokker F28 Fellowship || Netherlands || transport || F28-1000
F28-3000 || 1
2 ||
|-----
| Korean Aerospace KT-1 || 
South Korea || trainer || || 12 ||
|-----
| Lockheed C-130 Hercules || United States || tactical transport || C-130B
C-130H
C-130H-30
KC-130B
L-100-20
L-100-30 || 8
1
1
2
1
1 ||
|-----
| Lockheed F-16 Fighting Falcon || United States || multirole || F-16A
F-16B || 8
4 ||
|-----
| MD Helicopters MD 500 || United States || utility helicopter || MD 500D || 12 ||
|-----
| Northrop F-5 || United States ||Tactical fighter || F-5E Tiger II
F-5F Tiger II || 12
4 || Retired 2009
|-----
| Rockwell OV-10 Bronco || United States || liaison || OV-10F || 8 || Retired 2008
|-----
| Sikorsky S-58 || United States || utility helicopter || S-58T || 8 ||
|-----
| Sukhoi Su-27 || Russia || fighter || Su-27SKM || 5 [2]||
|-----
| Sukhoi Su-30 || Russia || fighter || Su-30MK2 || 5 [2]||
|}
Police
While not strictly part of the armed forces, the national police often operate in a paramilitary role, independently or in cooperation with the other services on internal security missions. Indonesian Police use the name of POLRI (Kepolisian Republik Indonesia).
All Indonesian Police aircraft served in Polisi Lintas Udara (POLINUD).
In 2006, Indonesian Police plan to purchase more PZL Swidnik Mi-2 Hoplites and new units of W-3 Sokol, Aérospatiale/Eurocopter HH-65 Dauphin and Kamov Ka-32A.
Aircraft inventory
The police operate 43 aircraft, including 39 helicopters.
Template:Standard table
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Aircraft
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Origin
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Type
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Versions
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|In service[1]
! style="text-align: left; background: #aacccc;"|Notes
|-----
| Hawker 400XP || United States || VIP Transport || || 1 ||
|-----
| Beech 1900D || United States || utility transport || || 1 ||
|-----
| Bell 206 || United States || utility helicopter || || 2 ||
|-----
| Cessna 310 || United States || utility || || 2 ||
|-----
| Cessna 402 || United States || utility || || 1 ||
|-----
| Enstrom 480 || United States || utility helicopter || 480B || 18 ||
|-----
| Eurocopter BO 105 || 
Germany || utility helicopter || Bo 105C || 10 ||
|-----
| Fokker 50 || Netherlands || transport || || 1 ||
|-----
| PZL Mi-2 || Poland || utility helicopter || || 9 || built by PZL Świdnik
|}
References
- ^ a b c d "World Military Aircraft Inventory", Aerospace Source Book 2007, Aviation Week & Space Technology, January 15 2007.
- ^ a b News about next planning of More Sukhoi Procurement, Tempo Interaktif Cite error: The named reference "tempo_20060129" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
Further reading
- Bresnan, John. (1993). Managing Indonesia: the modern political economy. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Many topics, including the political role of the military at the height of Suharto's New Order.
- Crouch, Harold. (1988). The army and politics in Indonesia. Ithaca:Cornell University Press.
- First published 1978. Now somewhat dated, but provides an influential overview of the role of the military in consolidating Suharto's power
- Kingsbury, Damien. (2003). Power politics and the Indonesian military. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
External links
- [2]
- Official Website of TNI
- Official Website of TNI-AD (Army)
- Official Website of TNI-AL (Navy)
- Official Website of TNI-AU (Air Force)
- Official Website of Polri (Indonesian Police)
- Official Website of the Department of Defense
- GlobalSecurity.org : Indonesia
- Indonesian Air Force
- Unofficial Site Of Indonesian Armed Forces
- Unofficial Site Of Indonesian Special Forces
- Indonesian Civil-Military Relations - Civil-Military Relations in Post-Suharto Indonesia and the Implications for Democracy Today: A Preliminary Analysis
