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{{Short description|Species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae}}
{{taxobox
{{Use Australian English|date=March 2024}}
|image = Euroschinus falcatus.jpg
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
{{Speciesbox
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|name = Blush cudgerie
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|image = Euroschinus falcatus.jpg
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|image_caption = Growing in open forest<br>near [[Yeppoon]], Queensland
|ordo = [[Sapindales]]
|status = LC
|familia = [[Anacardiaceae]]
|status_system = QLDNCA
|genus = ''[[Euroschinus]]''
|status_ref = {{R|DESQLD}}
|species = '''''E. falcatus'''''
|binomial = ''Euroschinus falcatus''
|taxon = Euroschinus
|authority = [[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hook.f.]]{{R|DESQLD|PLANTNET|POWO}}
| binomial_authority = [[Hook.]], reference [[Hook.]], & [[Benth.]] 1862-67
|synonyms =
|synonyms =
*''Euroschinus falcatus'' var. ''angustifolia'' {{small|[[George Bentham|Benth.]]}} (1863)
{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Euroschinus parvifolius'' <small>S.Moore</small>
*''Euroschinus falcatus'' var. ''typica'' {{small|[[Karel Domin|Domin]]}} (1927)
*''Euroschinus parvifolius'' {{small|[[Spencer Le Marchant Moore|S.Moore]]}} (1920)
}}
*''Rhus euroschina'' {{small|[[Ferdinand von Mueller|F.Muell.]]}} (1869)
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web
*''Sorindeia falcata'' {{small|[[Nestor Léon Marchand|Marchand]]}} (1869)
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2804687
|synonyms_ref = {{R|POWO}}
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|range_map =
|accessdate=28 December 2014}}</ref>
|}}
|}}
'''''Euroschinus falcatus''''' (sometimes spelled ''Euroschinus falcata'') is a species of [[tree]] in the [[Anacardiaceae]] family. [[Common name]]s include '''pink poplar''', '''ribbonwood''', '''maiden's blush''', and '''blush cudgerie'''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni |title=Australian Plant Names Index |accessdate=28 December 2014}}</ref> It is an [[Endemism|endemic]] [[Australian]] species, ranging from [[Jervis Bay]] (35° S), [[NSW]] to [[Cooktown]] (15° S), North [[Queensland]]. Its natural [[habitat]]s are [[littoral]], riverine, and dry [[subtropical]] [[rainforest]]s. Maximum height is 45 metres.


'''''Euroschinus falcatus''''' is a large tree in the mango and cashew family [[Anacardiaceae]], found along almost the entire east coast of Australia from [[Cape York Peninsula]] to [[Jervis Bay]]. Common names include '''blush cudgerie''' and '''maiden's blush'''.
== Gallery ==


==Description==
<gallery>
''Euroschinus falcatus'' is a semi-deciduous tree growing up to {{cvt|30|m}} tall with wrinkly to tessellated grey brown bark. Larger specimens may be [[buttress root|buttressed]]. Branchlets and twigs may be either finely hairy or hair-free. The [[Leaf#Divisions of the blade|compound]] leaves have between four and ten sickle-shaped leaflets measuring up to {{cvt|15|by|7|cm}}. The leaflets have 6 to 11 pairs of lateral veins and are either opposite or [[Phyllotaxis#Leaf arrangement|alternately]] arranged, with no true terminal leaflet. Crushed leaves and broken twigs produce a clear sap with an odour similar to mango.{{R|PLANTNET|FOA|RFK|COOPER2|CQCLN}}
Image:Euroshinus falcata Hacking River1.JPG|Bark on large tree [[Hacking River]], [[Australia]]

Image:Euroshinus falcata Wyrrabalong1.jpg|Juvenile, [[Wyrrabalong National Park]], [[Australia]]
The conspicuous [[inflorescence]]s are [[panicle]]s up to {{cvt|18|cm}} long and are covered in fine pale hairs. The fragrant flowers are white, cream or green and held on very short [[pedicel (botany)|pedicels]] (stalks) about {{cvt|0.5|mm|2}} long. The {{botanygloss|calyx}} is green or yellow with lobes up to {{cvt|1|mm|2}} long, petals are about {{cvt|3|mm|2}} long.{{R|PLANTNET|FOA|RFK|COOPER2|CQCLN}}
Image:Euroschinus falcata flowers and foliage.jpg|Flowers and foliage

Image:Euroschinus falcatus fruit.jpg|Fruit
The fruit is a [[drupe]], ellipsoidal or ovoid, and about {{cvt|8|mm|2}} long. They are green initially, becoming blue-purple or black when ripe, and they contain a single seed.{{R|PLANTNET|FOA|RFK|COOPER2|CQCLN}}

==Taxonomy==
This species was first described in 1862 by the British botanist [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]], based on specimens from "eastern tropical Australia". In his publication it can be seen that he named the plant ''Euroschinus falcatus'',{{R|GP}} however the [[Australian Plant Name Index]] considers the [[orthographical variant]] ''Euroschinus falcata'' to be the correct combination,{{R|APNI}} which is at odds with several other authorities such as the [[National Herbarium of New South Wales]],{{R|PLANTNET}} the ''2022 Census of the Queensland flora and fungi'' based on data from the [[Queensland Herbarium]],{{R|QCENSUS}} [[Plants of the World Online]],{{R|POWO}} the [[Global Biodiversity Information Facility]],{{R|GBIF}} [[World Flora Online]],{{R|WFO}} and the [[Catalogue of Life]].{{R|COL}}

===Etymology===
The genus name ''Euroschinus'' is derived from the Latin ''[[wikt:eurus#Latin|eurus]]'' meaning east, and the existing South American genus ''[[Schinus]]''. The [[Botanical name#Binary name|species epithet]] ''falcatus'' is Latin for curved or sickle-shaped, referring to the leaves.{{R|COOPER2}}

===Vernacular names===
A number of common names exist for this species, including blush cudgerie, maiden's blush, ribbonwood, chinaman's cedar, pink poplar, punburra, Port Macquarie beech and Jenny Donnelly.{{R|PLANTNET|FOA|RFK}}

==Distribution and habitat==
The blush cudgerie is [[Endemism|endemic]] to Australia's east coast, and its natural range extends from the [[Pascoe River]] near the top of [[Cape York Peninsula]] south to the [[Shoalhaven River]] in southeast New South Wales. It grows in tropical and sub-tropical rainforests, including [[Littoral zone|beach forest]] and [[riparian forest]], but is probably most common in [[Seasonal tropical forest|monsoon forest]]. It also inhabits woodlands and the margins of sclerophyll forest. The altitudinal range is from sea level to about {{cvt|1000|m}}.{{R|PLANTNET|RFK|CQCLN|AVH}}

==Ecology==
The fruit are eaten by various bird species, including [[Lewin's honeyeater]] (''Meliphaga lewinii''), [[rose-crowned fruit dove]] (''Ptilinopus regina''), [[topknot pigeon]] (''Lopholaimus antarcticus''), [[crimson rosella]] (''Platycercus elegans''), [[green catbird]] (''Ailuroedus crassirostris''), [[silvereye]] (''Zosterops lateralis'') and [[paradise riflebird]] (''Ptiloris paradiseus''). The leaves eaten by [[Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo]] (''Dendrolagus lumholtzi'').{{R|CQCLN|COOPER2}}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Euroschinus falcatus 286065646.jpg|Young tree
File:Euroschinus falcatus ALA5.jpg|Trunk and red new growth
File:Euroschinus falcatus foliage.jpg|Foliage
File:Euroschinus falcatus 286065428.jpg|Detail of leaf
File:Euroschinus falcatus ALA3.jpg|Inflorescence
File:Euroschinus falcatus ALA6.jpg|Close-up of flowers
File:Euroschinus falcatus fruit.jpg|Fruit
File:Euroschinus falcatus ALA4.jpg|Bark
</gallery>
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|28em|refs=
{{Portal|Trees}}
<ref name="DESQLD">{{cite web |url=https://apps.des.qld.gov.au/species-search/details/?id=17173 |title=Species profile—''Euroschinus falcatus'' |year=2022 |website=Queensland Department of Environment and Science |publisher=[[Queensland Government]] |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>
{{reflist}}

*{{cite book |authorlink=Alexander Floyd |first=A.G. |last=Floyd |title=Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia |publisher=Inkata Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-9589436-7-3 |page= }}
<ref name="PLANTNET">{{cite web |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Euroschinus~falcatus |title=PlantNET - FloraOnline |year= |website=PlantNET (The NSW Plant Information Network System) |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:69590-1 |title=''Euroschinus falcatus'' Hook.f. |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |year=2024 |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="CQCLN">{{cite web |title=Ribbonwood: Euroschinus falcatus, Fam. Anacardiaceae |url=https://cqclandcarenetwork.org.au/plants/ribbonwood/ |website=Central QLD Coast Landcare Network |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="COOPER2">{{Cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Wendy |last2=Cooper |first2=William T. |author-link2=William T. Cooper |date=June 2004 |title=Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest |publication-place=Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia |publisher=Nokomis Editions |isbn=978-0958174213 |url=https://www.nokomis.com.au/product/nokomis-published-books/fruits-australian-tropical-rainforest/ |page=17}}</ref>

<ref name="FOA">{{cite web |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Euroschinus%20falcatus |title=''Euroschinus falcatus'' |last1=Jessup |first1=L.W. |year=2022 |editor-last1=Kodela |editor-first1=P.G. |website=[[Flora of Australia]] |publisher=[[Australian Biological Resources Study]], Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="RFK">{{cite web |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Euroschinus_falcatus.htm |title=''Euroschinus falcatus'' |author1=F.A.Zich |author2=B.P.M.Hyland |author3=T.Whiffen |author4=R.A.Kerrigan |author2-link=Bernard Hyland |year=2020 |website=[[Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants]] Edition 8 (RFK8) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), [[Australian Government]] |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="APNI">{{cite web |url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/51266614 |title=''Euroschinus falcatus'' |website=[[Australian Plant Name Index]] (APNI) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, [[Australian Government]] |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="GP">{{cite book |last1=Bentham |first1=George |last2=Hooker |first2=Joseph Dalton |title=Genera plantarum :ad exemplaria imprimis in Herberiis Kewensibus servata definita |date=1862 |publisher=A. Black |location=London |page=422 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/655176 |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="QCENSUS">{{cite web |title=Census of the Queensland flora and fungi |url=https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/62f0a246-0255-4982-aa16-efec119b6064/resource/5d86a172-a013-4937-8175-d6be4d0166e8/download/queensland-flora-and-fungi-census-2022-vascular-plant-print.pdf |website=Queensland Government Open Data Portal |publisher=[[Department of Environment, Science and Innovation (Queensland)]] |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="GBIF">{{cite web |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/3659561 |title=''Euroschinus falcatus'' Hook.fil. |website=Global Biodiversity Information Facility |year=2024 |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="WFO">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000682858 |title=''Euroschinus falcatus'' Hook.f. |website=[[World Flora Online]] |publisher=World Flora Online Consortium |year=2024 |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="COL">{{cite web |title=''Euroschinus falcatus'' Hook. fil. |url=https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6HFH4 |website=Catalogue of Life |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="AVH">{{cite web |title=Search: species: Euroschinus falcatus {{!}} Occurrence records |url=https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=Euroschinus%20falcatus#tab_mapView |website=[[Australasian Virtual Herbarium]] |publisher=[[Australian Government]] |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{cite web |title=''Euroschinus falcatus'' Hook.f. |work=Atlas of Living Australia |url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/http://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2888980}}
* [https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=Euroschinus+falcatus#tab_mapView View a map] of herbarium records of this species at the [[Australasian Virtual Herbarium]]
* [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?subview=map&taxon_id=183441 View observations] of this species on [[iNaturalist]]
* [https://flickriver.com/search/Euroschinus+falcatus See images] of this species on Flickriver.com


{{Anacardiaceae genera}}
{{taxonbar}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5413812}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Euroschinus Falcata}}

[[Category:Euroschinus|Falcata]]
[[Category:Euroschinus|falcatus]]
[[Category:Sapindales of Australia]]
[[Category:Sapindales of Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
[[Category:Trees of Australia]]
[[Category:Trees of Australia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Joseph Dalton Hooker]]

[[Category:Plants described in 1862]]

{{Anacardiaceae-stub}}
{{Australia-rosid-stub}}
{{tree-stub}}

Latest revision as of 06:07, 26 April 2024

Blush cudgerie
Growing in open forest
near Yeppoon, Queensland
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
Genus: Euroschinus
Species:
Euroschinus
Binomial name
Euroschinus
Synonyms[3]
  • Euroschinus falcatus var. angustifolia Benth. (1863)
  • Euroschinus falcatus var. typica Domin (1927)
  • Euroschinus parvifolius S.Moore (1920)
  • Rhus euroschina F.Muell. (1869)
  • Sorindeia falcata Marchand (1869)

Euroschinus falcatus is a large tree in the mango and cashew family Anacardiaceae, found along almost the entire east coast of Australia from Cape York Peninsula to Jervis Bay. Common names include blush cudgerie and maiden's blush.

Description[edit]

Euroschinus falcatus is a semi-deciduous tree growing up to 30 m (98 ft) tall with wrinkly to tessellated grey brown bark. Larger specimens may be buttressed. Branchlets and twigs may be either finely hairy or hair-free. The compound leaves have between four and ten sickle-shaped leaflets measuring up to 15 by 7 cm (5.9 by 2.8 in). The leaflets have 6 to 11 pairs of lateral veins and are either opposite or alternately arranged, with no true terminal leaflet. Crushed leaves and broken twigs produce a clear sap with an odour similar to mango.[2][4][5][6][7]

The conspicuous inflorescences are panicles up to 18 cm (7.1 in) long and are covered in fine pale hairs. The fragrant flowers are white, cream or green and held on very short pedicels (stalks) about 0.5 mm (0.02 in) long. The calyx is green or yellow with lobes up to 1 mm (0.04 in) long, petals are about 3 mm (0.12 in) long.[2][4][5][6][7]

The fruit is a drupe, ellipsoidal or ovoid, and about 8 mm (0.31 in) long. They are green initially, becoming blue-purple or black when ripe, and they contain a single seed.[2][4][5][6][7]

Taxonomy[edit]

This species was first described in 1862 by the British botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker, based on specimens from "eastern tropical Australia". In his publication it can be seen that he named the plant Euroschinus falcatus,[8] however the Australian Plant Name Index considers the orthographical variant Euroschinus falcata to be the correct combination,[9] which is at odds with several other authorities such as the National Herbarium of New South Wales,[2] the 2022 Census of the Queensland flora and fungi based on data from the Queensland Herbarium,[10] Plants of the World Online,[3] the Global Biodiversity Information Facility,[11] World Flora Online,[12] and the Catalogue of Life.[13]

Etymology[edit]

The genus name Euroschinus is derived from the Latin eurus meaning east, and the existing South American genus Schinus. The species epithet falcatus is Latin for curved or sickle-shaped, referring to the leaves.[6]

Vernacular names[edit]

A number of common names exist for this species, including blush cudgerie, maiden's blush, ribbonwood, chinaman's cedar, pink poplar, punburra, Port Macquarie beech and Jenny Donnelly.[2][4][5]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

The blush cudgerie is endemic to Australia's east coast, and its natural range extends from the Pascoe River near the top of Cape York Peninsula south to the Shoalhaven River in southeast New South Wales. It grows in tropical and sub-tropical rainforests, including beach forest and riparian forest, but is probably most common in monsoon forest. It also inhabits woodlands and the margins of sclerophyll forest. The altitudinal range is from sea level to about 1,000 m (3,300 ft).[2][5][7][14]

Ecology[edit]

The fruit are eaten by various bird species, including Lewin's honeyeater (Meliphaga lewinii), rose-crowned fruit dove (Ptilinopus regina), topknot pigeon (Lopholaimus antarcticus), crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans), green catbird (Ailuroedus crassirostris), silvereye (Zosterops lateralis) and paradise riflebird (Ptiloris paradiseus). The leaves eaten by Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi).[7][6]

Gallery[edit]

  • Young tree
    Young tree
  • Trunk and red new growth
    Trunk and red new growth
  • Foliage
    Foliage
  • Detail of leaf
    Detail of leaf
  • Inflorescence
    Inflorescence
  • Close-up of flowers
    Close-up of flowers
  • Fruit
    Fruit
  • Bark
    Bark

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Species profile—Euroschinus falcatus". Queensland Department of Environment and Science. Queensland Government. 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "PlantNET - FloraOnline". PlantNET (The NSW Plant Information Network System). Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Euroschinus falcatus Hook.f." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d Jessup, L.W. (2022). Kodela, P.G. (ed.). "Euroschinus falcatus". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Euroschinus falcatus". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d e Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 17. ISBN 978-0958174213.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Ribbonwood: Euroschinus falcatus, Fam. Anacardiaceae". Central QLD Coast Landcare Network. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  8. ^ Bentham, George; Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1862). Genera plantarum :ad exemplaria imprimis in Herberiis Kewensibus servata definita. London: A. Black. p. 422. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  9. ^ "Euroschinus falcatus". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  10. ^ "Census of the Queensland flora and fungi" (PDF). Queensland Government Open Data Portal. Department of Environment, Science and Innovation (Queensland). Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  11. ^ "Euroschinus falcatus Hook.fil". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  12. ^ "Euroschinus falcatus Hook.f." World Flora Online. World Flora Online Consortium. 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  13. ^ "Euroschinus falcatus Hook. fil". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  14. ^ "Search: species: Euroschinus falcatus | Occurrence records". Australasian Virtual Herbarium. Australian Government. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euroschinus falcatus.
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