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{{Short description|English admiral}}
{{other people}}
{{Similar names|George Somers (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
[[File:Sir George Somers portrait.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A portrait believed to be of Admiral Sir George Somers.]]
{{Infobox officeholder
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'''[[Admiral]] Sir George Somers''' (1554–1610) was an [[Kingdom of England|English]] [[Royal Navy|naval]] hero, knighted for his achievements and the Admiral of the [[Virginia Company of London|Virginia Company]]. He achieved renown as [[Preston Somers Expedition|part of an expedition]] led by Sir [[Amyas Preston]] that [[plunder]]ed [[Caracas]] and [[Santa Ana de Coro|Coro]] in 1595 during the undeclared [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)|Anglo-Spanish War]]. He is remembered today as the founder of the [[English colonial empire|English colony]] of [[Bermuda]], also known as the ''Somers Isles''.
|honorific_prefix = Sir
|name = George Somers
|image = Sir George Somers portrait.jpg
|caption = Portrait believed to be of Somers
|office1 = [[Lyme Regis (UK Parliament constituency)|Member of Parliament for Lyme Regis]]
|term1 = {{start and end dates|1604|03|19|1610|02|10|df=y}}
|birth_date = before {{birth date|1554|04|24|df=y}}
|birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Lyme Regis]], [[Dorset]], England}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|1610|11|09|1554|04|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Bermuda]]
|resting_place = [[Whitchurch Canonicorum]]
|occupation = [[Privateer]], [[sea captain]]
|awards = [[Knight Bachelor]] (1603)
|blank1 = Employer
|data1 = [[Virginia Company of London]]
|branch_label = Branch
|branch = {{navy|UK|size=20px}}
|serviceyears_label = Years of service
|serviceyears = 1595–1606
|rank = [[Captain (Royal Navy)|Captain]]
|battles_label = Wars
|battles = [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)|Anglo-Spanish War]]
}}


⚫
'''Sir George Somers''' (before 24 April 1554 – 9 November 1610) was an English privateer and naval hero, knighted for his achievements and the Admiral of the [[Virginia Company of London]]. He achieved renown as [[Preston Somers Expedition|part of an expedition]] led by Sir [[Amyas Preston]] that plundered [[Caracas]] and [[Santa Ana de Coro]] in 1595, during the undeclared [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)|Anglo-Spanish War]]. He is remembered today as the founder of the English colony of [[Bermuda]], also known as the Somers Isles.
==Early life and education==
Born in [[Lyme Regis]], [[Dorset]], in 1554, George was the son of John Somers and his wife.


==Career==
== Career ==
From a young age he became a skilled and well-known seaman and owned at least one ship, the ''Julian'', whose home port was Lyme Regis. Somers' first venture in command of the ''Flibcote'', in company of three other vessels during the undeclared [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)|Anglo-Spanish War]], on a raid to Spain; he brought home Spanish prizes worth more than £8,000.<ref name="Shorto">{{cite journal|last1=Shorto|first1=Gavin|title=George Somers, Amyas Preston and the Burning of Caracas|journal=The Bermudian|date=June 13, 2013|url=http://www.thebermudian.com/heritage/1055-the-burning-of-caracas}}</ref>
Somers was born in [[Lyme Regis]], [[Dorset]], in 1554, the son of John Somers and his wife. From a young age he became a skilled and well-known seaman and owned at least one ship, the ''Julian'', whose home port was Lyme Regis. Somers' first venture in command of the ''Flibcote'', in company of three other vessels during the undeclared [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)|Anglo-Spanish War]], on a raid to Spain; he brought home Spanish prizes worth more than £8,000.<ref name="Shorto">{{cite journal|last1=Shorto|first1=Gavin|title=George Somers, Amyas Preston and the Burning of Caracas|journal=The Bermudian|date=13 June 2013|url=http://www.thebermudian.com/heritage/1055-the-burning-of-caracas|access-date=28 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513110245/http://www.thebermudian.com/heritage/1055-the-burning-of-caracas|archive-date=13 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>


===Preston Somers Expedition===
⚫
Somers then joined up with another seaman [[:es:Amyas Preston|Amyas Preston]] who had fought against the [[Spanish armada]]. Both agreed to take part in [[Walter Raleigh]]’s [[Raleigh's El Dorado Expedition|proposed expedition]] to [[Trinidad]] and [[Guiana]] in 1595 in the hope of finding [[El Dorado]] as well as to commit to amphibious descents throughout the Spanish Main with them. However, after failing to meet, the [[Preston Somers Expedition|expedition went on their own venture]] along the coast of the Spanish [[Province of Venezuela]] and captured the fort at [[La Guaira]] before they headed South inland. After making an arduous trek through the mountains of [[pico Naiguata]] the English led by Preston and Somers were able to outmanoeuvre the waiting Spanish force and captured the colonial city of Santiago de Leon de [[Caracas]].<ref name="DNB305">{{DNB Cite|wstitle=Preston, Amyas (DNB00)}} p 305</ref><ref>John Lombardi, ''Venezuela,'' Oxford, England, 1982, p 72</ref> After the failure of a [[ransom]] they plundered and torched the city and then went to capture [[Santa Ana de Coro]] before they made a brief excursion to the [[Spanish West Indies]]. Despite the challenges they faced the expedition was a success for the English who were able to return unmolested with some profit having set out as only a supporting expedition.<ref name="N&AI">{{cite book|title=Navy and Army Illustrated, Volume 15|date=1902|publisher=Hudson & Kearns|page=409|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=29ocAQAAMAAJ&q=}}</ref>
{{further|Preston Somers Expedition}}
⚫
Somers then joined up with another seaman [[Amyas Preston]] who had fought against the [[Spanish Armada]]. Both agreed to take part in [[Walter Raleigh]]'s [[Raleigh's El Dorado Expedition|El Dorado expedition]] to [[Trinidad]] and [[Guiana]] in 1595 in search of the mythical city of gold, as well as to commit to amphibious descents throughout the Spanish Main with them. However, after failing to meet, the [[Preston Somers Expedition|Somers Expedition]] went on their own venture along the coast of the Spanish [[Province of Venezuela]] and captured the fort at [[La Guaira]] before they headed South inland. After making an arduous trek through the mountains of [[pico Naiguata]] the English led by Preston and Somers were able to outmanoeuvre the waiting Spanish force and captured the colonial city of Santiago de Leon de [[Caracas]].<ref name="DNB305">{{DNB Cite|wstitle=Preston, Amyas (DNB00)}} p 305</ref><ref>John Lombardi, ''Venezuela'', Oxford, England, 1982, p 72</ref>


Between 1600 and 1602, Somers commanded several English ships, including [[HMS Vanguard (1586)|HMS ''Vanguard'']], [[HMS Swiftsure (1573)|HMS ''Swiftsure'']] and [[HMS Warspite (1596)|HMS ''Warspite'']]. He was knighted in 1603 and became [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Lyme Regis (UK Parliament constituency)|Lyme Regis]] the same year.
After the failure of a [[ransom]] they plundered and torched the city and then went to capture [[Santa Ana de Coro]] before they made a brief excursion to the [[Spanish West Indies]]. Despite the challenges they faced the expedition was a success for the English who were able to return unmolested with some profit having set out as only a supporting expedition.<ref name="N&AI">{{cite book|title=Navy and Army Illustrated, Volume 15|date=1902|publisher=Hudson & Kearns|page=409|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29ocAQAAMAAJ}}</ref> Between 1600 and 1602, Somers commanded several English ships, including {{HMS|Vanguard|1586|6}}, {{HMS|Swiftsure|1573|6}} and {{HMS|Warspite|1596|6}}. He was knighted in 1603, and became [[Lyme Regis (UK Parliament constituency)|Member of Parliament for Lyme Regis]] in March&nbsp;1604.


===Virginia Company===
In 1609, Somers was appointed as Admiral of the [[Virginia Company]]'s [[Third Supply]] relief fleet, organized to provide relief to the [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] colony settled in North America two years before. On 2 June 1609, he set sail from [[Plymouth]], [[England]] on the ''[[Sea Venture]]'', the flagship of the seven-ship fleet, (towing two additional [[Full rigged pinnace|pinnace]]s) destined for Jamestown, Virginia. The fleet carried a total of five-to-six hundred colonists bound for Jamestown. (Historians have not determined if this number included crew or was passengers only.)
In 1609, Somers was appointed as admiral of the [[Virginia Company]]'s [[Third Supply]] relief fleet, organized to provide relief to the [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] colony settled in North America two years before. On 2&nbsp;June 1609, he set sail from [[Plymouth]] on the {{ship||Sea Venture||2}}, the flagship of the seven-ship fleet, (towing two additional [[Full rigged pinnace|pinnace]]s) destined for Jamestown, Virginia. The fleet carried a total of 500–600&nbsp;colonists bound for Jamestown.


On 25 July, the fleet ran into a strong storm, probably a [[hurricane]], and the ships were separated. The ''Sea Venture'' fought the storm for three days. Comparably-sized ships had survived such weather, but the ''Sea Venture'' had a critical flaw; she had recently been constructed and her timbers had not set. The [[caulking]] was forced from between them, and the ship began to leak rapidly. All hands were applied to bailing, but the water continued to rise in the hold. The ship's guns were reportedly jettisoned (though two were salvaged from the wreck in 1612 to arm Bermuda's first fort) to raise her buoyancy, but this only delayed the inevitable. Sir George Somers was at the helm through the storm.
On 25 July, the fleet ran into a strong storm, probably a [[hurricane]], and the ships were separated. The ''Sea Venture'' fought the storm for three days. Comparably-sized ships had survived such weather, but the ''Sea Venture'' had a critical flaw; she had recently been constructed and her timbers had not set. The [[caulking]] was forced from between them, and the ship began to leak rapidly. All hands were applied to bailing, but the water continued to rise in the hold. The ship's guns were reportedly jettisoned—though two were salvaged from the wreck in 1612, to arm Bermuda's first fort—to raise her buoyancy, but this only delayed the inevitable. Sir George Somers was at the helm through the storm.


When he spied land on the morning of 28 July, the water in the hold had risen to nine feet, and crew and passengers had been driven past the point of exhaustion. Somers deliberately drove the ship onto the reefs of what proved to be Bermuda in order to prevent its foundering. This allowed all 150 people and the dog aboard to reach shore safely, at what they later named [[Discovery Bay, Bermuda|Discovery Bay]]. Not seeing them again, those who continued on to Virginia presumed that Somers and the others had died in the storm, which had battered the relief fleet and damaged its supplies.
When he spied land on the morning of 28 July, the water in the hold had risen to nine feet, and crew and passengers had been driven past the point of exhaustion. Somers deliberately drove the ship onto the reefs of what proved to be Bermuda in order to prevent its foundering. This allowed all 150&nbsp;people and the dog aboard to reach shore safely, at what they later named [[Discovery Bay, Bermuda|Discovery Bay]]. Not seeing them again, those who continued on to Virginia presumed that Somers and the others had died in the storm, which had battered the relief fleet and damaged its supplies.
[[File:TS Admiral Somers Guard.jpg|thumb|250px|The Guard of ''TS Admiral Somers'', the [[Bermuda Sea Cadet Corps]] unit of [[St. George's, Bermuda|St. George's]], [[Bermuda]], parades on [[Ordnance Island, Bermuda|Ordnance Island]], St. George's.]]
Somers and his company remained in Bermuda for 10 months, living on food they could gather on the island and fish from the sea. Some commentators believe that this incident inspired [[William Shakespeare]]’s play ''[[The Tempest]]''.<ref>Hobson Woodward. ''A Brave Vessel: The True Tale of the Castaways Who Rescued Jamestown and Inspired Shakespeare's The Tempest''. Viking (2009) ISBN 978-0-670-02096-6</ref>


During their time on the islands, the crew and passengers built a church and houses, the start of the Bermuda colony. Somers and Sir [[Thomas Gates (governor)|Thomas Gates]] oversaw the construction of two small ships, the ''Deliverance'' and the ''Patience.'' They were built from local timber ([[Juniperus bermudiana|Bermuda Cedar]]) and the salvaged spars and rigging of the wrecked ''Sea Venture.''
Somers and his company remained in Bermuda for 10 months, living on food they could gather on the island and fish from the sea. Some commentators believe that this incident inspired [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[The Tempest]]''.<ref>Hobson Woodward. ''A Brave Vessel: The True Tale of the Castaways Who Rescued Jamestown and Inspired Shakespeare's The Tempest''. Viking (2009) {{ISBN|978-0-670-02096-6}}</ref> During their time on the islands, the crew and passengers built a church and houses, the start of the Bermuda colony. Somers and Sir [[Thomas Gates (governor)|Thomas Gates]] oversaw the construction of two small ships, the ''Deliverance'' and the ''Patience.'' They were built from local timber ([[Juniperus bermudiana|Bermuda Cedar]]) and the salvaged spars and rigging of the wrecked ''Sea Venture.''


In May 1610 the ships set sail for Jamestown, with the surviving 142 castaways on board taking food from the island. When they reached the settlement, they found it nearly destroyed by the [[famine]] and disease of what has been called the "Starving Time". Few of the supplies from the Supply Relief Fleet had arrived (the same hurricane which caught the ''Sea Venture'' had damaged some of the rest of the fleet), and only 60 settlers survived. Only the food and help offered by those on the two small ships from Bermuda, followed by a relief fleet in July 1610 commanded by [[Lord Delaware]], enabled the colony to survive and avoided the abandonment of Jamestown.
In May 1610, the ships set sail for Jamestown, with the surviving 142&nbsp;castaways on board taking food from the island. When they reached the settlement, they found it nearly destroyed by the [[famine]] and disease of what has been called the [[Starving Time]]. Few of the supplies from the Supply Relief Fleet had arrived (the same tropical storm which caught the ''Sea Venture'' had damaged some of the rest of the fleet), and only 60&nbsp;settlers survived. Only the food and help offered by those on the two small ships from Bermuda, followed by a relief fleet in July&nbsp;1610, commanded by [[Lord Delaware]], enabled the colony to survive and avoided the abandonment of Jamestown.


Somers returned to Bermuda in the ''Patience'' to collect more food, but he became ill on the journey. He died in Bermuda on 9 November 1610 at age 56. Local legend says that he loved Bermuda so much that he requested that his heart be buried there. A marker in Somers' Gardens in St. George's marks the approximate location where his heart was supposed to have been buried. The remainder of his body was taken back to England and buried in his home hamlet of [[Whitchurch Canonicorum]] near to the town of [[Lyme Regis]].
Somers returned to Bermuda in the ''Patience'' to collect more food, but he became ill on the journey. He died in Bermuda on November 9, 1610, at age 56. Local legend says that he loved Bermuda so much that he requested that his heart be buried there. A marker in Somers' Gardens in St. George's marks the approximate location where his heart was supposed to have been buried. The remainder of his body was taken back to England and buried in his home hamlet of [[Whitchurch Canonicorum]] near to the town of [[Lyme Regis]].


==Legacy and honours==
== References ==
*1603, he was knighted for his naval achievements.
*The colony he founded was called Somer's Isles for some years.
*[[Bermuda Sea Cadet Corps]] unit of [[St. George's, Bermuda]], ''TS Admiral Somers'', is named for him.<ref>[http://www.seacadets.bm/history.htm Bermuda Sea Cadet Corps: History of Bermuda Sea Cadets]</ref>
*1984, a statue of him by [[Desmond Fountain]] was unveiled in St. George's by HRH [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret]] to celebrate the 375th anniversary of Bermuda's settlement.


==References==
=== Footnotes ===
{{reflist}}
<references/>


=== Bibliography ===
==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* Dwyer, Jack. 2009. ''Dorset Pioneers'', [[The History Press]] ISBN 978-0-7524-5346-0
* Dwyer, Jack. 2009. ''Dorset Pioneers'', [[The History Press]] {{ISBN|978-0-7524-5346-0}}
* Glover, Lorri and Daniel Blake Smith. ''The Shipwreck That Saved Jamestown: The Sea Venture Castaways and the Fate of America,'' New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2008
* Glover, Lorri and Daniel Blake Smith. ''The Shipwreck That Saved Jamestown: The Sea Venture Castaways and the Fate of America,'' New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2008
* Mayden, David. 1998. ''Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present''. Editorial ABC-CLIO.
* Mayden, David. 1998. ''Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present''. Editorial ABC-CLIO.
* Raine, David. ''Sir George Somers: A Man and his Times''
* Raine, David. ''Sir George Somers: A Man and his Times''
{{refend}}


{{Bermuda topics}}
==External links==
*[http://bermuda-online.org/sirgeorgesomers.htm Bermuda online's biography of Somers]
*[http://www.bermuda-online.org/seetown.htm Bermuda history and information]
*[http://www.thedorsetpage.com/people/George_Somers.htm The Dorset Page: George Somers (1554 - 1610)]
*[http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/SirGeorgeSomers.htm Historic UK: Sir George Somers]

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:17th-century American people]]
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Latest revision as of 14:30, 3 April 2024

For other people with similar names, see George Somers (disambiguation).

Sir
George Somers
Portrait believed to be of Somers
Member of Parliament for Lyme Regis
In office
19 March 1604 – 10 February 1610 (1604-03-19 – 1610-02-10)
Personal details
Bornbefore (1554-04-24)24 April 1554
Lyme Regis, Dorset, England
Died9 November 1610(1610-11-09) (aged 56)
Bermuda
Resting placeWhitchurch Canonicorum
OccupationPrivateer, sea captain
AwardsKnight Bachelor (1603)
EmployerVirginia Company of London
Military service
Branch Royal Navy
Years of service1595–1606
RankCaptain
WarsAnglo-Spanish War

Sir George Somers (before 24 April 1554 – 9 November 1610) was an English privateer and naval hero, knighted for his achievements and the Admiral of the Virginia Company of London. He achieved renown as part of an expedition led by Sir Amyas Preston that plundered Caracas and Santa Ana de Coro in 1595, during the undeclared Anglo-Spanish War. He is remembered today as the founder of the English colony of Bermuda, also known as the Somers Isles.

Career[edit]

Somers was born in Lyme Regis, Dorset, in 1554, the son of John Somers and his wife. From a young age he became a skilled and well-known seaman and owned at least one ship, the Julian, whose home port was Lyme Regis. Somers' first venture in command of the Flibcote, in company of three other vessels during the undeclared Anglo-Spanish War, on a raid to Spain; he brought home Spanish prizes worth more than £8,000.[1]

Preston Somers Expedition[edit]

Further information: Preston Somers Expedition

Somers then joined up with another seaman Amyas Preston who had fought against the Spanish Armada. Both agreed to take part in Walter Raleigh's El Dorado expedition to Trinidad and Guiana in 1595 in search of the mythical city of gold, as well as to commit to amphibious descents throughout the Spanish Main with them. However, after failing to meet, the Somers Expedition went on their own venture along the coast of the Spanish Province of Venezuela and captured the fort at La Guaira before they headed South inland. After making an arduous trek through the mountains of pico Naiguata the English led by Preston and Somers were able to outmanoeuvre the waiting Spanish force and captured the colonial city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas.[2][3]

After the failure of a ransom they plundered and torched the city and then went to capture Santa Ana de Coro before they made a brief excursion to the Spanish West Indies. Despite the challenges they faced the expedition was a success for the English who were able to return unmolested with some profit having set out as only a supporting expedition.[4] Between 1600 and 1602, Somers commanded several English ships, including HMS Vanguard, HMS Swiftsure and HMS Warspite. He was knighted in 1603, and became Member of Parliament for Lyme Regis in March 1604.

Virginia Company[edit]

In 1609, Somers was appointed as admiral of the Virginia Company's Third Supply relief fleet, organized to provide relief to the Jamestown colony settled in North America two years before. On 2 June 1609, he set sail from Plymouth on the Sea Venture, the flagship of the seven-ship fleet, (towing two additional pinnaces) destined for Jamestown, Virginia. The fleet carried a total of 500–600 colonists bound for Jamestown.

On 25 July, the fleet ran into a strong storm, probably a hurricane, and the ships were separated. The Sea Venture fought the storm for three days. Comparably-sized ships had survived such weather, but the Sea Venture had a critical flaw; she had recently been constructed and her timbers had not set. The caulking was forced from between them, and the ship began to leak rapidly. All hands were applied to bailing, but the water continued to rise in the hold. The ship's guns were reportedly jettisoned—though two were salvaged from the wreck in 1612, to arm Bermuda's first fort—to raise her buoyancy, but this only delayed the inevitable. Sir George Somers was at the helm through the storm.

When he spied land on the morning of 28 July, the water in the hold had risen to nine feet, and crew and passengers had been driven past the point of exhaustion. Somers deliberately drove the ship onto the reefs of what proved to be Bermuda in order to prevent its foundering. This allowed all 150 people and the dog aboard to reach shore safely, at what they later named Discovery Bay. Not seeing them again, those who continued on to Virginia presumed that Somers and the others had died in the storm, which had battered the relief fleet and damaged its supplies.

Somers and his company remained in Bermuda for 10 months, living on food they could gather on the island and fish from the sea. Some commentators believe that this incident inspired William Shakespeare's play The Tempest.[5] During their time on the islands, the crew and passengers built a church and houses, the start of the Bermuda colony. Somers and Sir Thomas Gates oversaw the construction of two small ships, the Deliverance and the Patience. They were built from local timber (Bermuda Cedar) and the salvaged spars and rigging of the wrecked Sea Venture.

In May 1610, the ships set sail for Jamestown, with the surviving 142 castaways on board taking food from the island. When they reached the settlement, they found it nearly destroyed by the famine and disease of what has been called the Starving Time. Few of the supplies from the Supply Relief Fleet had arrived (the same tropical storm which caught the Sea Venture had damaged some of the rest of the fleet), and only 60 settlers survived. Only the food and help offered by those on the two small ships from Bermuda, followed by a relief fleet in July 1610, commanded by Lord Delaware, enabled the colony to survive and avoided the abandonment of Jamestown.

Somers returned to Bermuda in the Patience to collect more food, but he became ill on the journey. He died in Bermuda on November 9, 1610, at age 56. Local legend says that he loved Bermuda so much that he requested that his heart be buried there. A marker in Somers' Gardens in St. George's marks the approximate location where his heart was supposed to have been buried. The remainder of his body was taken back to England and buried in his home hamlet of Whitchurch Canonicorum near to the town of Lyme Regis.

References[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ Shorto, Gavin (13 June 2013). "George Somers, Amyas Preston and the Burning of Caracas". The Bermudian. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  2. ^ "Preston, Amyas (DNB00)" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. p 305
  3. ^ John Lombardi, Venezuela, Oxford, England, 1982, p 72
  4. ^ Navy and Army Illustrated, Volume 15. Hudson & Kearns. 1902. p. 409.
  5. ^ Hobson Woodward. A Brave Vessel: The True Tale of the Castaways Who Rescued Jamestown and Inspired Shakespeare's The Tempest. Viking (2009) ISBN 978-0-670-02096-6

Bibliography[edit]

  • Dwyer, Jack. 2009. Dorset Pioneers, The History Press ISBN 978-0-7524-5346-0
  • Glover, Lorri and Daniel Blake Smith. The Shipwreck That Saved Jamestown: The Sea Venture Castaways and the Fate of America, New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2008
  • Mayden, David. 1998. Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present. Editorial ABC-CLIO.
  • Raine, David. Sir George Somers: A Man and his Times
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