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{{Short description|Extinct genus of reptiles}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{Fossil range|Aptian|Albian|earliest=Barremian}} |
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{Fossil range|Aptian|Albian|earliest=Barremian}} |
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| image = Khurendukhosaurus.jpg |
| image = Khurendukhosaurus.jpg |
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| image_caption = Specimen MPC-MX 1/107 |
| image_caption = Specimen MPC-MX 1/107, ''Khurendukhosaurus'' .sp |
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| display_parents = 3 |
| display_parents = 3 |
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| taxon = Khurendukhosaurus |
| taxon = Khurendukhosaurus |
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'''''Khurendukhosaurus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[choristodera|choristodere]], a type of amphibious reptile. It is known from [[Lower Cretaceous]] rocks of [[Mongolia]] and [[Russia]]. Two species have been named. The [[type species]], ''K. orlovi'', was named in 1984 by Sigogneau–Russell and Efimov for the fragmentary [[postcrania]]l skeleton [[Paleontological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences|PIN]] 3386/3. This specimen was discovered in the [[Albian]]-age [[Lower Cretaceous]] [[Khuren Dukh Formation]] Formation at Hüren Dukh, central [[Mongolia]]. The lake deposits at this site also contain fossils of the choristoderes ''[[Irenosaurus]]'' and ''[[Tchoiria]]''.<ref name=MEGS00>{{cite book |last=Efimov |first=Mikhail B. |author2=Storrs, Glenn |
'''''Khurendukhosaurus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[choristodera|choristodere]], a type of amphibious reptile. It is known from [[Lower Cretaceous]] rocks of [[Mongolia]] and [[Russia]]. Two species have been named. The [[type species]], ''K. orlovi'', was named in 1984 by Sigogneau–Russell and Efimov for the fragmentary [[postcrania]]l skeleton [[Paleontological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences|PIN]] 3386/3. This specimen was discovered in the [[Albian]]-age [[Lower Cretaceous]] [[Khuren Dukh Formation]] Formation at Hüren Dukh, central [[Mongolia]]. The lake deposits at this site also contain fossils of the choristoderes ''[[Irenosaurus]]'' and ''[[Tchoiria]]''.<ref name=MEGS00>{{cite book |last=Efimov |first=Mikhail B. |author2=Storrs, Glenn W. |editor=Benton, Michael J. |editor-link=Benton, Michael J. |editor2=Shishkin, Mikhail A. |editor3=Unwin, David M. |editor4=Kurochkin Evgenii N.|title=The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia |year=2000 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-55476-4 |pages=390–401 |chapter=Choristodera from the Lower Cretaceous of northern Asia }}</ref> Other postcranial bones of ''K. orlovi'' have been found at this site as well.<ref name=MEGS00/><ref name=RMetal09>{{cite journal |last=Matsumoto |first=Ryoko |author2=Suzuki, Shigeru |author3=Tsogtbaatar, Khisigjav |author4= Evans, Susan E. |year=2009 |title=New material of the enigmatic reptile ''Khurendukhosaurus'' (Diapsida: Choristodera) from Mongolia |journal=Naturwissenschaften |pmid=19034405 |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=233–242 |doi=10.1007/s00114-008-0469-6 |bibcode=2009NW.....96..233M |s2cid=13542692 }}</ref> |
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Second species ''K. bajkalensis'' was named by Efimov in 1996 for PIN 2234/201, consisting of a [[scapulocoracoid]] and a rib.<ref name=MEGS00/> These bones were found in the [[Lower Cretaceous]] [[Murtoi Formation]] at [[Lake Gusinoye]], [[Republic of Buryatia|Buryatia]], [[Russia]].<ref name=PPS08>{{cite journal |last=Skutschas |first=Pavel P. |year=2008 |title=A choristoderan reptile from the Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, Russia |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen |volume=247 |issue=1 |pages=63–78 |doi=10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0247-0063}}</ref> The first Russian choristodere, Efimov and Storrs (2000) found it difficult to distinguish from ''K. orlovi'' based on the small amount of material.<ref name=MEGS00/> Skutschas (2008) reported on additional material which supported the placement of the Russian taxon within ''Khurendukhosaurus'', but found the species ''K. bajkalensis'' to be [[nomen dubium|dubious]] within the genus.<ref name=PPS08/> An indeterminate species is known from the [[Batylykh Formation]].<ref>P. N. Kolosov, G. V. Ivensen, T. E. Mikhailova, S. M. Kurzanov, M. B. Efimov and Y. M. Gubin. 2009. Taphonomy of the Upper Mesozoic Tetrapod Teete Locality (Yakutia). ''Paleontological Journal'' '''43(2)''':201-207</ref> |
Second species ''K. bajkalensis'' was named by Efimov in 1996 for PIN 2234/201, consisting of a [[scapulocoracoid]] and a rib.<ref name=MEGS00/> These bones were found in the [[Lower Cretaceous]] [[Murtoi Formation]] at [[Lake Gusinoye]], [[Republic of Buryatia|Buryatia]], [[Russia]].<ref name=PPS08>{{cite journal |last=Skutschas |first=Pavel P. |year=2008 |title=A choristoderan reptile from the Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, Russia |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen |volume=247 |issue=1 |pages=63–78 |doi=10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0247-0063}}</ref> The first Russian choristodere, Efimov and Storrs (2000) found it difficult to distinguish from ''K. orlovi'' based on the small amount of material.<ref name=MEGS00/> Skutschas (2008) reported on additional material which supported the placement of the Russian taxon within ''Khurendukhosaurus'', but found the species ''K. bajkalensis'' to be [[nomen dubium|dubious]] within the genus.<ref name=PPS08/> An indeterminate species is known from the [[Batylykh Formation]].<ref>P. N. Kolosov, G. V. Ivensen, T. E. Mikhailova, S. M. Kurzanov, M. B. Efimov and Y. M. Gubin. 2009. Taphonomy of the Upper Mesozoic Tetrapod Teete Locality (Yakutia). ''Paleontological Journal'' '''43(2)''':201-207</ref> |
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''Khurendukhosaurus'' was a small choristodere, approximately {{convert|1|m|ft}} long at most. Efimov and Storrs regarded it as a [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] member of Choristodera,<ref name=MEGS00/> but Skutschas was unable to confirm this in a [[cladistics|phylogenetic analysis]].<ref name=PPS08/> It may have been related to the [[hyphalosauridae|hyphalosaurids]], a group of long–necked choristoderes.<ref name=RMetal09/> The [[spinous process|neural spines]] of the tail are elongate, suggesting that it swam by using a tall tail.<ref name=RMetal09/> In 2019, another partial skeleton (MPC-MX 1/107) of the taxon was described from the Khuren Dukh Formation, confirming the presence of a long neck with at least 13 cervical vertebrae. A phylogenetic analysis found it to be the most basal hyphalosaurid.<ref>{{Cite journal| |
''Khurendukhosaurus'' was a small choristodere, approximately {{convert|1|m|ft}} long at most. Efimov and Storrs regarded it as a [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] member of Choristodera,<ref name=MEGS00/> but Skutschas was unable to confirm this in a [[cladistics|phylogenetic analysis]].<ref name=PPS08/> It may have been related to the [[hyphalosauridae|hyphalosaurids]], a group of long–necked choristoderes.<ref name=RMetal09/> The [[spinous process|neural spines]] of the tail are elongate, suggesting that it swam by using a tall tail.<ref name=RMetal09/> In 2019, another partial skeleton (MPC-MX 1/107) of the taxon was described from the Khuren Dukh Formation, confirming the presence of a long neck with at least 13 cervical vertebrae. A phylogenetic analysis found it to be the most basal hyphalosaurid.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Matsumoto|first1=Ryoko|last2=Tsogtbaatar|first2=Khishigjav|last3=Ishigaki|first3=Shinobu|last4=Tsogtbaatar|first4=Chinzorig|last5=Enkhtaivan|first5=Zorig|last6=Evans|first6=Susan|date=2019|title=Revealing body proportions of the enigmatic choristodere Khurendukhosaurus from Mongolia.|url=http://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app005612018.html|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica|volume=64|doi=10.4202/app.00561.2018|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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Phylogeny from the analysis of Dong and colleagues (2020):<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last1=Dong|first1=Liping|last2=Matsumoto|first2=Ryoko|last3=Kusuhashi|first3=Nao|last4=Wang|first4=Yuanqing|last5=Wang|first5=Yuan|last6=Evans|first6=Susan E.|date=2020-08-02|title=A new choristodere (Reptilia: Choristodera) from an Aptian–Albian coal deposit in China|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2020.1749147|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology|language=en|volume=18|issue=15|pages=1223–1242|doi=10.1080/14772019.2020.1749147|s2cid=219047160|issn=1477-2019}}</ref> |
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{{clade |
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|label1='''Choristodera''' |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Cteniogenys]]'' sp. |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Heishanosaurus]] pygmaeus'' |
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|2=''[[Coeruleodraco]] jurassicus'' |
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|3={{clade |
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|label1=[[Neochoristodera]] |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Ikechosaurus]] pijiagouensis'' |
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|2=''Ikechosaurus sunailinae'' |
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|3=''[[Tchoiria]] namsari'' |
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|4=''Tchoiria klauseni'' |
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|label5=''[[Champsosaurus]]'' |
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|5={{clade |
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|1=''C. gigas'' |
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|2=''C. albertensis'' |
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}} |
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|label6=''[[Simoedosaurus]]'' |
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|6={{clade |
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|1=''S. lemoinei'' |
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|2=''S. dakotensis'' |
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}} |
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}} |
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|label2="Allochoristodera" |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Monjurosuchus]] splendens'' |
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|label3=''[[Philydrosaurus]]'' |
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|3={{clade |
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|1=''P. proseilus'' |
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|2=''P. proseilus'' |
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}} |
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|4={{clade |
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|label1=''[[Lazarussuchus]]'' |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''L. inexpectatus'' |
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|2=''Lazarussuchus'' sp. |
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|3=''L. dvoraki'' |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''Khurendukhosaurus orlovi'' |
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|2=''[[Hyphalosaurus]]'' sp. |
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|3={{clade |
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|1=''[[Hyphalosaurus]] lingyuanensis'' |
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|2=''[[Shokawa]] ikoi'' |
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}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Portal|Paleontology}} |
{{Portal|Paleontology}} |
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{{Eureptilia|S.}} |
{{Eureptilia|S.}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q6403075}} |
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[[Category:Cretaceous choristoderes]] |
[[Category:Cretaceous choristoderes]] |
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[[Category:Early Cretaceous reptiles of Asia]] |
[[Category:Early Cretaceous reptiles of Asia]] |
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[[Category:Prehistoric reptile genera]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:28, 11 August 2022
| Khurendukhosaurus Temporal range: Early Cretaceous,
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| Specimen MPC-MX 1/107, Khurendukhosaurus .sp | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Clade: | Diapsida |
| Clade: | Neodiapsida |
| Order: | †Choristodera |
| Genus: | †Khurendukhosaurus Sigogneau–Russell & Efimov, 1984 |
| Species | |
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Khurendukhosaurus is a genus of choristodere, a type of amphibious reptile. It is known from Lower Cretaceous rocks of Mongolia and Russia. Two species have been named. The type species, K. orlovi, was named in 1984 by Sigogneau–Russell and Efimov for the fragmentary postcranial skeleton PIN 3386/3. This specimen was discovered in the Albian-age Lower Cretaceous Khuren Dukh Formation Formation at Hüren Dukh, central Mongolia. The lake deposits at this site also contain fossils of the choristoderes Irenosaurus and Tchoiria.[1] Other postcranial bones of K. orlovi have been found at this site as well.[1][2]
Second species K. bajkalensis was named by Efimov in 1996 for PIN 2234/201, consisting of a scapulocoracoid and a rib.[1] These bones were found in the Lower Cretaceous Murtoi Formation at Lake Gusinoye, Buryatia, Russia.[3] The first Russian choristodere, Efimov and Storrs (2000) found it difficult to distinguish from K. orlovi based on the small amount of material.[1] Skutschas (2008) reported on additional material which supported the placement of the Russian taxon within Khurendukhosaurus, but found the species K. bajkalensis to be dubious within the genus.[3] An indeterminate species is known from the Batylykh Formation.[4]
Khurendukhosaurus was a small choristodere, approximately 1 metre (3.3 ft) long at most. Efimov and Storrs regarded it as a basal member of Choristodera,[1] but Skutschas was unable to confirm this in a phylogenetic analysis.[3] It may have been related to the hyphalosaurids, a group of long–necked choristoderes.[2] The neural spines of the tail are elongate, suggesting that it swam by using a tall tail.[2] In 2019, another partial skeleton (MPC-MX 1/107) of the taxon was described from the Khuren Dukh Formation, confirming the presence of a long neck with at least 13 cervical vertebrae. A phylogenetic analysis found it to be the most basal hyphalosaurid.[5]
Phylogeny from the analysis of Dong and colleagues (2020):[6]
| Choristodera |
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References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Efimov, Mikhail B.; Storrs, Glenn W. (2000). "Choristodera from the Lower Cretaceous of northern Asia". In Benton, Michael J.; Shishkin, Mikhail A.; Unwin, David M.; Kurochkin Evgenii N. (eds.). The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 390–401. ISBN 0-521-55476-4.
- ^ a b c Matsumoto, Ryoko; Suzuki, Shigeru; Tsogtbaatar, Khisigjav; Evans, Susan E. (2009). "New material of the enigmatic reptile Khurendukhosaurus (Diapsida: Choristodera) from Mongolia". Naturwissenschaften. 96 (2): 233–242. Bibcode:2009NW.....96..233M. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0469-6. PMID 19034405. S2CID 13542692.
- ^ a b c Skutschas, Pavel P. (2008). "A choristoderan reptile from the Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, Russia". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 247 (1): 63–78. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0247-0063.
- ^ P. N. Kolosov, G. V. Ivensen, T. E. Mikhailova, S. M. Kurzanov, M. B. Efimov and Y. M. Gubin. 2009. Taphonomy of the Upper Mesozoic Tetrapod Teete Locality (Yakutia). Paleontological Journal 43(2):201-207
- ^ Matsumoto, Ryoko; Tsogtbaatar, Khishigjav; Ishigaki, Shinobu; Tsogtbaatar, Chinzorig; Enkhtaivan, Zorig; Evans, Susan (2019). "Revealing body proportions of the enigmatic choristodere Khurendukhosaurus from Mongolia". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 64. doi:10.4202/app.00561.2018.
- ^ Dong, Liping; Matsumoto, Ryoko; Kusuhashi, Nao; Wang, Yuanqing; Wang, Yuan; Evans, Susan E. (2020-08-02). "A new choristodere (Reptilia: Choristodera) from an Aptian–Albian coal deposit in China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (15): 1223–1242. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1749147. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 219047160.
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