Maung Maung: Difference between revisions
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==Early life and career== |
==Early life and career== |
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Maung Maung was born on 31 January 1925 in [[Mandalay]], [[British Burma]]. He is the son of lawyer '''U Sint''' and his wife '''Daw Aye Tin'''. He completed his comprehensive education at the Buddhist Thathana (BTN) Anglo-Vernacular School at the age of 14. He commenced his further education by studying a two-year accelerated programme in science at Mandalay Intermediate College. During his studies, he joined the British Army Auxiliary Corps despite being a Burmese nationalist. Maung left the programme at the onset of the [[World War 2]] but eventually completed it in 1943. As a young man, Maung's love of camping and outdoor activities led him to join the [[Myanmar Scouts Association|Union of Burma Boy Scouts]] and eventually rose to the rank of [[King's Scout]]. In 1943, he joined the [[Burma Independence Army|Burma Defence Army]] (BDA) as a private and later became part of the [[Burma Campaign|Resistance]] against the [[Japanese occupation of Burma|Japanese]]. He was part of the fourth intake of the [[Japan Academy]] in [[Tokyo]]. After military service, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from [[Rangoon University]] in 1946 and received a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree in 1949. He was a lecturer in the history and English departments at Rangoon University, editor of the daily English-language newspaper, ''New Times of Burma'' under the [[Ministry of Information (Myanmar)|Ministry of Information]], and Assistant Secretary of [[Burma Railways]] throughout his time at university. In 1950, he received a state scholarship to study law at the [[University of London]] in the UK. During his time in [[London]], he concurrently enrolled in a six-month training programme in journalism and broadcasting at [[BBC]]. He also enrolled in a legal studies programme at [[Lincoln's Inn]] and was [[call to the bar|called to the British bar]]. In addition, he received a three-month scholarship to study international law over one summer at the [[The Hague Academy of International Law]] in [[The Hague]]. Upon his return to Rangoon in 1953, he worked as a Law Officer in the [[Office of the Attorney General (Myanmar)|Attorney-General]]'s Department. In 1956, he returned to Europe to receive his Doctor of Laws (LLD) from [[Utrecht University]] in the Netherlands. Within the same year, he took up a lecturing position in the law faculty of Rangoon University. In 1960, he temporarily relocated to the United States, as a Visiting Lecturer in Political Science and Southeast Asian Studies at [[Yale University]] in [[New Haven]], [[Connecticut]], with his family.<ref name="mgmg">{{cite book|last=Maung|first=Maung|author2=Robert H. Taylor|title=Dr. Maung Maung: gentleman, scholar, patriot|editor=Robert H. Taylor|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|year=2008|isbn=978-981-230-409-4}}</ref> During his stay at Yale, he earned a [[Doctor of Juridical Science|doctorate in juridical science]] ([[Doctor of Juridical Science|JSD]]), on 11 June 1962.<ref name="mgmg"/> Despite receiving offers of employment by American friends, the [[Ford Foundation]], and |
Maung Maung was born on 31 January 1925 in [[Mandalay]], [[British Burma]]. He is the son of lawyer '''U Sint''' and his wife '''Daw Aye Tin'''. He completed his comprehensive education at the Buddhist Thathana (BTN) Anglo-Vernacular School at the age of 14. He commenced his further education by studying a two-year accelerated programme in science at Mandalay Intermediate College. During his studies, he joined the British Army Auxiliary Corps despite being a Burmese nationalist. Maung left the programme at the onset of the [[World War 2]] but eventually completed it in 1943. As a young man, Maung's love of camping and outdoor activities led him to join the [[Myanmar Scouts Association|Union of Burma Boy Scouts]] and eventually rose to the rank of [[King's Scout]]. In 1943, he joined the [[Burma Independence Army|Burma Defence Army]] (BDA) as a private and later became part of the [[Burma Campaign|Resistance]] against the [[Japanese occupation of Burma|Japanese]]. He was part of the fourth intake of the [[Japan Academy]] in [[Tokyo]]. After military service, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from [[Rangoon University]] in 1946 and received a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree in 1949. He was a lecturer in the history and English departments at Rangoon University, editor of the daily English-language newspaper, ''New Times of Burma'' under the [[Ministry of Information (Myanmar)|Ministry of Information]], and Assistant Secretary of [[Burma Railways]] throughout his time at university. In 1950, he received a state scholarship to study law at the [[University of London]] in the UK. During his time in [[London]], he concurrently enrolled in a six-month training programme in journalism and broadcasting at [[BBC]]. He also enrolled in a legal studies programme at [[Lincoln's Inn]] and was [[call to the bar|called to the British bar]]. In addition, he received a three-month scholarship to study international law over one summer at the [[The Hague Academy of International Law]] in [[The Hague]]. Upon his return to Rangoon in 1953, he worked as a Law Officer in the [[Office of the Attorney General (Myanmar)|Attorney-General]]'s Department. In 1956, he returned to Europe to receive his Doctor of Laws (LLD) from [[Utrecht University]] in the Netherlands. Within the same year, he took up a lecturing position in the law faculty of Rangoon University. In 1960, he temporarily relocated to the United States, as a Visiting Lecturer in Political Science and Southeast Asian Studies at [[Yale University]] in [[New Haven]], [[Connecticut]], with his family.<ref name="mgmg">{{cite book|last=Maung|first=Maung|author2=Robert H. Taylor|title=Dr. Maung Maung: gentleman, scholar, patriot|editor=Robert H. Taylor|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|year=2008|isbn=978-981-230-409-4}}</ref> During his stay at Yale, he earned a [[Doctor of Juridical Science|doctorate in juridical science]] ([[Doctor of Juridical Science|JSD]]), on 11 June 1962.<ref name="mgmg"/> Despite receiving offers of employment by American friends, the [[Ford Foundation]], and [[U Thant|the UN Secretary-General U Thant]] himself, he decided to return to Burma with his family in July 1962. |
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==Political office== |
==Political office== |
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Revision as of 08:16, 7 August 2023
Maung Maung | |
|---|---|
မောင်မောင် | |
| 7th President of Burma | |
| In office 19 August 1988 – 18 September 1988 | |
| Vice President | Aye Ko[1] |
| Preceded by | Aye Ko as Acting President |
| Succeeded by | Saw Maung as Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council |
| Chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party | |
| In office 19 August 1988 – 18 September 1988 | |
| Preceded by | Sein Lwin |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 31 January 1925 Mandalay, British Burma |
| Died | 2 July 1994 (aged 69) Yangon, Myanmar |
| Nationality | Burmese |
| Political party | Burma Socialist Programme Party |
| Spouse | Khin May Hnin |
| Relations | U Sint (father) Daw Aye Tin (mother) |
| Children | 7, including Yin Yin Oo |
| Alma mater | Yale University (JSD, 1962) Utrecht University (LLD, 1956) University of Rangoon (BA, 1946 and LLB, 1949) |
| Occupation | Historian, journalist, lawyer, politician, writer |
Maung Maung (Burmese: မောင်မောင် [màʊɰ̃ màʊɰ̃]; 31 January 1925 – 2 July 1994) was the seventh president of Burma, and a well-known writer.
Early life and career
Maung Maung was born on 31 January 1925 in Mandalay, British Burma. He is the son of lawyer U Sint and his wife Daw Aye Tin. He completed his comprehensive education at the Buddhist Thathana (BTN) Anglo-Vernacular School at the age of 14. He commenced his further education by studying a two-year accelerated programme in science at Mandalay Intermediate College. During his studies, he joined the British Army Auxiliary Corps despite being a Burmese nationalist. Maung left the programme at the onset of the World War 2 but eventually completed it in 1943. As a young man, Maung's love of camping and outdoor activities led him to join the Union of Burma Boy Scouts and eventually rose to the rank of King's Scout. In 1943, he joined the Burma Defence Army (BDA) as a private and later became part of the Resistance against the Japanese. He was part of the fourth intake of the Japan Academy in Tokyo. After military service, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Rangoon University in 1946 and received a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree in 1949. He was a lecturer in the history and English departments at Rangoon University, editor of the daily English-language newspaper, New Times of Burma under the Ministry of Information, and Assistant Secretary of Burma Railways throughout his time at university. In 1950, he received a state scholarship to study law at the University of London in the UK. During his time in London, he concurrently enrolled in a six-month training programme in journalism and broadcasting at BBC. He also enrolled in a legal studies programme at Lincoln's Inn and was called to the British bar. In addition, he received a three-month scholarship to study international law over one summer at the The Hague Academy of International Law in The Hague. Upon his return to Rangoon in 1953, he worked as a Law Officer in the Attorney-General's Department. In 1956, he returned to Europe to receive his Doctor of Laws (LLD) from Utrecht University in the Netherlands. Within the same year, he took up a lecturing position in the law faculty of Rangoon University. In 1960, he temporarily relocated to the United States, as a Visiting Lecturer in Political Science and Southeast Asian Studies at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, with his family.[2] During his stay at Yale, he earned a doctorate in juridical science (JSD), on 11 June 1962.[2] Despite receiving offers of employment by American friends, the Ford Foundation, and the UN Secretary-General U Thant himself, he decided to return to Burma with his family in July 1962.
Political office
Maung Maung served as a Deputy Minister in the Attorney-General's office and was part of the official Burma delegation to the 14th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in General Ne Win's caretaker government from 1958 to 1960. Following Ne Win's 1962 military coup, Maung Maung became Chief Justice and, although a civilian, was a prominent member of the central committee of the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP). He played a large part in shaping the 1974 constitution and subsequent changes to the judicial system. On 19 August 1988, amidst a series of large-scale demonstrations, the People's Assembly declared Maung Maung the President of Burma and Chairman of the BSPP.[3][4] Anti-government demonstrations continued and widespread disruptions resulted in another military coup led by General Saw Maung on 18 September 1988.[5][6] After his brief spell in power in 1988, Maung Maung disappeared from the public eye, although it was rumoured that he helped draft the election law governing the 1990 general election. He also served in various capacities in the successive governments of Burma as Attorney-General, Supreme Judge-General and other positions.[7]
Publications
Among Maung's well-known publications are:
- London Diary (1958)
- The Forgotten Army (1946)
- Burma in the Family of Nations
- General Ne Win and Myanmar Politics (Won the National Literary Award in Politics)
- Thet-shi-yar-za-win (Living History—Books on Biography of Statesmen)
- To a soldier son
- The 1988 Uprising in Burma
Family
Maung died of a heart attack in Yangon, Myanmar on 2 July 1994, aged 69.
He had seven children with his wife, Khin May Hnin (aka) Khin Myint. One of his sons, former Brig-Gen of LID 22, Kyaw Thu (Retd.) held the post of Deputy Foreign Minister on the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), from late 2004 to February 2009 and served as chairman of the Union Civil Service Board from February 2009 to March 2016. Prior to those positions, he served as Myanmar's Ambassador to South Africa from 1999 to 2002 and Myanmar's Ambassador to India from 2002 to 2004.[8]
One of his daughters, Yin Yin Oo became a member of the Advisory Board of the State Administration Council (SAC) after the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état.[9] She previously served as the deputy director-general of International Organizations and Economic Department of the Foreign Ministry of Myanmar under President Thein Sein's administration.[10][11]
References
- ^ "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1988July-Dec". hdl:2027/osu.32435024019804.
- ^ a b Maung, Maung; Robert H. Taylor (2008). Robert H. Taylor (ed.). Dr. Maung Maung: gentleman, scholar, patriot. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-230-409-4.
- ^ Mydans, Seth (20 August 1988). "MAN IN THE NEWS: U Maung Maung; Widely Traveled Leader for Rangoon". The New York Times.
- ^ "U Maung Maung (president of Burma) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Archived from the original on 29 April 2011.
- ^ http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-8079830.html [dead link]
- ^ "Maung Maung, Ex-President Of Burma, Dies - The Washington Post | HighBeam Research". 1 May 2011. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
- ^ "Maung Maung Papers". Archived from the original on 28 May 2006.
- ^ Lwin, Min. "Who is Kyaw Thu?".
- ^ "US Citizen Among the Advisers to Myanmar Military Regime Despite Sanctions Imposed by US". The Irrawaddy. 20 February 2021.
- ^ "2014 PARTICIPANT LIST Myanmar" (PDF). Pacific Forum.
- ^ Lintner, Bertil (21 February 2021). "Myanmar's coup regime cut of old military cloth". Asia Times.
| Union of Burma (1948–1962) |  | |
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| Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1962–1988) | ||
| Union of Burma / Myanmar (1988–2011) | ||
| Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2011–present) | ||
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| Union of Burma (1948–1962) | | |
|---|---|---|
| Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1962–1988) | ||
| Union of Burma / Myanmar (1988–2011) | ||
| Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2011–present) |
| |
| ||
| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
