Mandalay

This article covers the city in Myanmar. For more meanings, see Mandalay (disambiguation) .

မန္တလေး Mandalay
Coordinates	21 ° 58 ′  N , 96 ° 4 ′  E Coordinates: 21 ° 58 ′  N , 96 ° 4 ′  E
Basic data
Country	Myanmar
region	Mandalay region
District	Mandalay
surface	118.4 km²
Residents	1,534,000
density	12,960.5  Ew. / km²

Mandalay ( Burmese : မန္တလေးမြို့ , pronunciation : [ màndəlé mjo ]) is a city in central Myanmar (Burma) at a bend of the Ayeyarwady -Flusses. With just under 1.6 million inhabitants, Mandalay is the country's second largest city after Rangoon . Mandalay has one international airport, Mandalay International Airport . Connections to Rangoon exist by road, rail and ship.

geography

Mandalay satellite image

Mandalay is located on the Irrawadi River around 716 kilometers north of Rangoon. Mandalay was built by King Mindon in 1857 in an open area on the banks of the Irrawaddy, following an old prophecy that a city would be built there for the 2400th anniversary of the Buddhist faith.

history

From 1857 to 1885, Mandalay served as the last capital of the Burmese Kingdom. Based on astrological calculations, Mandalay had replaced Amarapura as the political center of Burma. After the conquest of Mandalay on November 28, 1885 and the sacking of the royal palace by British troops , King Thibaw Min was deported to India and the capital was relocated to Rangoon. During the Second World War , Mandalay was largely destroyed in fighting between the Japanese army and the British , and the royal palace was reduced to rubble. At the end of the 1990s, the military government had the old royal palace rebuilt through the use of forced labor, among other things.

In 1993, the Phaung Daw Oo monastery school was founded in Mandalay, and today there are 4,000 students.

Today Mandalay is the capital of the administrative unit of the same name Mandalay Division .

economy

Mandalay: making gold leaf

Due to its strategically favorable location on the transit corridor between southern China and the Indian Ocean , the importance of the city as an important economic center of Burma has been further strengthened. With the opening of the Yangon-Mandalay Expressway in December 2010, the convenient location was further improved. The city has an airport . The influx of Chinese merchants has significantly changed the demographic structure of the urban population in recent years.

In addition to the cultivation of rice in the fertile plains around Mandalay, various handicraft businesses (including the production of gold leaf , yoke thé puppets, paper umbrellas , silk weaving ) and tourism shape the economic life of the city.

Mandalay is still considered to be the real center of Burmese culture.

religion

Mandalay is the seat of a Roman Catholic Archbishop .

Attractions

Reconstructed Atumashi Monastery

U Bein Bridge (longest teak bridge in the world) over Taungthaman Lake in Amarapura near Mandalay

Pagodas:

• Eindawya Pagoda
• Su Taung Pyae Pagoda
• Mahamuni Pagoda
• Kuthodaw Pagoda
• Kyauktawgyi Pagoda
• Sandamuni Pagoda
• Set of Kya Thiha pagoda
• Shwe Kyi Myint Pagoda

Buddhist monasteries:

• Atumashi Kyaung
• Shwe In Bin Kyaung
• Shwenandaw Kyaung

More Attractions:

• Craft businesses (e.g. gold beater )
• Royal Palace (reconstruction)
• Mandalay mountain
• The Mustache Brothers Par Par Lay, Lu Zaw and Lu Maw performances
• The puppet theater (puppets accompanied by traditional live music)

Musical about Mandalay

• Bertolt Brecht (text) / Kurt Weill (music) - The song by Mandalay. 1st version (1929) in Happy End , 2nd version (1929) in Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny
• Daniel Lavoie - High road to Mandalay
• Blackmore's Night - Way to Mandalay
• Robbie Williams - Road to Mandalay
• Frank Sinatra - The road to Mandalay
• Colin Hay - Road to Mandalay
• Electric Light Orchestra - Mandalay
• Erdmöbel - The Road to Mandalay
• Eagles - Long Road Out Of Eden
• Midnight Oil - Mountains of Burma
• Elton John & Leon Russel - Mandalay Again

Climate table

Mandalay
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     4th   29 13     3   32 15th     1   36 20th     40   38 24     138   37 26th     116   34 26th     83   34 26th     136   32 25th     150   33 25th     125   32 24     38   30th 19th     6th   28 15th Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Mandalay Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 28.6 32.1 35.8 38.4 36.8 34.2 34.3 32.3 33.1 32.2 30.2 28.2 O 33 Min. Temperature (° C) 13.3 14.9 19.7 24.4 25.8 25.8 25.8 25.2 24.9 23.5 19.4 14.8 O 21.5 Precipitation ( mm ) 4.0 3.0 1.0 40.0 138.0 116.0 83.0 136.0 150.0 125.0 38.0 6.0 Σ 840 Rainy days ( d ) 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.3 8.3 7.2 5.9 8.7 8.1 6.8 2.8 0.7 Σ 53 Humidity ( % ) 67 58 50 52 67 72 71 76 78 78 75 73 O 68.1 Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de

Personalities

• Kaung Sithu (* 1993), soccer player
• Win Naing Soe (* 1993), soccer player

literature

Fiction

• Jens Freyler: Road to Mandalay. Travel in Myanmar / Burma. Traveldiary.de Reiseliteratur-Verlag, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-937274-39-3 .
• Alexandra Jones: Mandalay. Roman (= Heyne books. 1, Heyne general series. 7753). German translation by Karl-Friedrich Loos. Heyne, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-453-02890-2 .
• Rudyard Kipling : Mandalay . (Poem) on Wikisource .
• Daniel Mason: Her Majesty's Piano Tuner. Novel. From the American by Barbara Heller. Paperback edition. Goldmann, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-442-45825-0 .
• Inge Sargent : My life as Sao Thusandi, Princess of the Shan (= Bastei-Lübbe-Taschenbuch. Vol. 61920). Translated from the English by Cécile Lecaux. Bastei-Verlag Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1997, ISBN 3-404-61920-X .

Non-fiction

• Annemarie Esche (ed.): The golden monastery at Mandalay (= Insel-Bücherei. 1015, ISSN  0233-1047 ). Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1977.
• John Masters : The Road to Mandalay. Blanvalet, Berlin 1964, (autobiographical report on the deployment of British troops in World War II).
• Dhida Saraya: Mandalay. The Capital City. The Center of the Universe. Muang Boran Publishing House, Bangkok 1995, ISBN 974-7367-56-4 .
• Vincent C. Scott O'Connor: Mandalay and other cities of the past in Burma. Hutchinson & Co., London 1907, ( digitized version ).
• Paul Strachan: Mandalay. Travels from the Golden City. Kiscadale, Gartmore 1994, ISBN 1-870838-96-3 .

Web links

Commons : Mandalay  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Mandalay  Travel Guide

• Mandalay Pictures
• Mandalay, on the Ayeyarwaddy River

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.deutschlandradiokultur.de/klosterschule-in-myanmar-buddhistische-lehre-fussball-und.1278.de.html?dram:article_id=336265
2. ↑ Rachel Beaumont: Mahagonny Musical Highlight: The Mandalay Song In: Royal Opera House, London, March 10, 2015, accessed August 24, 2016.