Mandalay
မန္တလေး Mandalay |
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Coordinates | 21 ° 58 ′ N , 96 ° 4 ′ E | |
Basic data | ||
Country | Myanmar | |
Mandalay region | ||
District | Mandalay | |
ISO 3166-2 | MM-04 | |
surface | 118.4 km² | |
Residents | 1,534,000 | |
density | 12,960.5 Ew. / km² | |
Mandalay ( Burmese : မန္တလေးမြို့ , pronunciation : [ màndəlé mjo ]) is a city in central Myanmar (Burma) at a bend of the Ayeyarwady -Flusses. With just under 1.6 million inhabitants, Mandalay is the country's second largest city after Rangoon . Mandalay has one international airport, Mandalay International Airport . Connections to Rangoon exist by road, rail and ship.
geography
Mandalay is located on the Irrawadi River around 716 kilometers north of Rangoon. Mandalay was built by King Mindon in 1857 in an open area on the banks of the Irrawaddy, following an old prophecy that a city would be built there for the 2400th anniversary of the Buddhist faith.
history
From 1857 to 1885, Mandalay served as the last capital of the Burmese Kingdom. Based on astrological calculations, Mandalay had replaced Amarapura as the political center of Burma. After the conquest of Mandalay on November 28, 1885 and the sacking of the royal palace by British troops , King Thibaw Min was deported to India and the capital was relocated to Rangoon. During the Second World War , Mandalay was largely destroyed in fighting between the Japanese army and the British , and the royal palace was reduced to rubble. At the end of the 1990s, the military government had the old royal palace rebuilt through the use of forced labor, among other things.
In 1993, the Phaung Daw Oo monastery school was founded in Mandalay, and today there are 4,000 students.
Today Mandalay is the capital of the administrative unit of the same name Mandalay Division .
economy
Due to its strategically favorable location on the transit corridor between southern China and the Indian Ocean , the importance of the city as an important economic center of Burma has been further strengthened. With the opening of the Yangon-Mandalay Expressway in December 2010, the convenient location was further improved. The city has an airport . The influx of Chinese merchants has significantly changed the demographic structure of the urban population in recent years.
In addition to the cultivation of rice in the fertile plains around Mandalay, various handicraft businesses (including the production of gold leaf , yoke thé puppets, paper umbrellas , silk weaving ) and tourism shape the economic life of the city.
Mandalay is still considered to be the real center of Burmese culture.
religion
Mandalay is the seat of a Roman Catholic Archbishop .
Attractions
Pagodas:
- Eindawya Pagoda
- Su Taung Pyae Pagoda
- Mahamuni Pagoda
- Kuthodaw Pagoda
- Kyauktawgyi Pagoda
- Sandamuni Pagoda
- Set of Kya Thiha pagoda
- Shwe Kyi Myint Pagoda
Buddhist monasteries:
- Atumashi Kyaung
- Shwe In Bin Kyaung
- Shwenandaw Kyaung
More Attractions:
- Craft businesses (e.g. gold beater )
- Royal Palace (reconstruction)
- Mandalay mountain
- The Mustache Brothers Par Par Lay, Lu Zaw and Lu Maw performances
- The puppet theater (puppets accompanied by traditional live music)
Musical about Mandalay
- Bertolt Brecht (text) / Kurt Weill (music) - The song by Mandalay. 1st version (1929) in Happy End , 2nd version (1929) in Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny
- Daniel Lavoie - High road to Mandalay
- Blackmore's Night - Way to Mandalay
- Robbie Williams - Road to Mandalay
- Frank Sinatra - The road to Mandalay
- Colin Hay - Road to Mandalay
- Electric Light Orchestra - Mandalay
- Erdmöbel - The Road to Mandalay
- Eagles - Long Road Out Of Eden
- Midnight Oil - Mountains of Burma
- Elton John & Leon Russel - Mandalay Again
Climate table
Mandalay | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Mandalay
Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de
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Personalities
- Kaung Sithu (* 1993), soccer player
- Win Naing Soe (* 1993), soccer player
literature
Fiction
- Jens Freyler: Road to Mandalay. Travel in Myanmar / Burma. Traveldiary.de Reiseliteratur-Verlag, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-937274-39-3 .
- Alexandra Jones: Mandalay. Roman (= Heyne books. 1, Heyne general series. 7753). German translation by Karl-Friedrich Loos. Heyne, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-453-02890-2 .
- Rudyard Kipling : Mandalay . (Poem) on Wikisource .
- Daniel Mason: Her Majesty's Piano Tuner. Novel. From the American by Barbara Heller. Paperback edition. Goldmann, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-442-45825-0 .
- Inge Sargent : My life as Sao Thusandi, Princess of the Shan (= Bastei-Lübbe-Taschenbuch. Vol. 61920). Translated from the English by Cécile Lecaux. Bastei-Verlag Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1997, ISBN 3-404-61920-X .
Non-fiction
- Annemarie Esche (ed.): The golden monastery at Mandalay (= Insel-Bücherei. 1015, ISSN 0233-1047 ). Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1977.
- John Masters : The Road to Mandalay. Blanvalet, Berlin 1964, (autobiographical report on the deployment of British troops in World War II).
- Dhida Saraya: Mandalay. The Capital City. The Center of the Universe. Muang Boran Publishing House, Bangkok 1995, ISBN 974-7367-56-4 .
- Vincent C. Scott O'Connor: Mandalay and other cities of the past in Burma. Hutchinson & Co., London 1907, ( digitized version ).
- Paul Strachan: Mandalay. Travels from the Golden City. Kiscadale, Gartmore 1994, ISBN 1-870838-96-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.deutschlandradiokultur.de/klosterschule-in-myanmar-buddhistische-lehre-fussball-und.1278.de.html?dram:article_id=336265
- ↑ Rachel Beaumont: Mahagonny Musical Highlight: The Mandalay Song In: Royal Opera House, London, March 10, 2015, accessed August 24, 2016.