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{{short description|Japanese sumo wrestler}}
{{hatnote|In this Japanese [[shikona]] name, the surname is Tochinishiki.}}
{{Infobox sumo wrestler
{{Infobox sumo wrestler
| name = 栃錦 清隆<br/>Tochinishiki Kiyotaka
| native_name = 栃錦 清隆
⚫
| name = Tochinishiki Kiyotaka
| image= Tochinishiki 1954 Sep Dohyo-iri from Mainichi Shinbun.jpg
| image = File:Tochinishiki 1954 Scan10060.JPG
|caption= Tochinishiki performing ''[[dohyō-iri]]'' at Sep. 1954 tournament
| caption = Tochinishiki holding the [[Emperor's Cup (sumo)|Emperor's Cup]] after winning the September 1954 tournament
| birth_name = Kiyotaka Uchida
| birth_name = Ōtsuka Kiyoshi
| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|2|20}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|2|20}}
| birth_place = [[Tokyo]], Japan
| birth_place = [[Tokyo]], Japan
|death_date = {{death date and age|1990|1|10|1925|2|20}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1990|1|10|1925|2|20}}
| height = {{height|meters=1.77}}
| height = {{height|meters=1.77}}
| weight = {{convert|132|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|132|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| heya = [[Kasugano stable|Kasugano]]
| heya = [[Kasugano stable|Kasugano]]
| rank =
| rank =
| record = 576-244-32-1 draw
| record = 576–244–32–1 draw
| debut = January, 1939
| debut = January, 1939
| highestrank = Yokozuna (October 1954)
| highestrank = Yokozuna (October 1954)
| retireddate = May, 1960
| retireddate = May, 1960
| eldername = Kasugano
| yushos = 10 (Makuuchi)
| prizes = Outstanding Performance (1)<br/>Technique (9)
| yushos = 10 (Makuuchi)
| prizes = Outstanding Performance (1)<br/>Technique (9)
| goldstars = 1 (Azumafuji)
| goldstars = 1 ([[Azumafuji]])
| update = August 2012
| update = June 2020
}}
}}


'''Tochinishiki Kiyotaka''' (栃錦 清隆, February 20, 1925 - January 10, 1990) was a [[sumo]] wrestler from [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]. He was the sport's 44th [[makuuchi#Yokozuna|Yokozuna]]. He won ten top division ''[[yūshō]]'' or tournament championships and was a rival of fellow yokozuna [[Wakanohana Kanji I|Wakanohana I]]. He became the head coach of [[Kasugano stable]] in 1959 and was head of the [[Japan Sumo Association]] from 1974 until 1988.
{{nihongo|'''Tochinishiki Kiyotaka'''|栃錦 清隆||February 20, 1925 – January 10, 1990|lead=yes}} was a Japanese professional [[sumo]] wrestler from [[Tokyo]]. He was the sport's 44th ''[[makuuchi#Yokozuna|yokozuna]]''. He won ten top division ''[[yūshō]]'' or tournament championships and was a rival of fellow ''yokozuna'' [[Wakanohana Kanji I|Wakanohana I]]. He became the head coach of [[Kasugano stable]] in 1959 and was head of the [[Japan Sumo Association]] from 1974 until 1988.


==Early career==
==Early career==
One of few ''yokozuna'' to hail from the city rather than the country,<ref name="Sharnoff">{{Cite book |author=Sharnoff, Lora |title=Grand Sumo|publisher=Weatherhill |year=1993 |id=ISBN 0-8348-0283-X}}</ref> he was born in what is now [[Koiwa]], [[Edogawa, Tokyo|Edogawa]].<ref name="kurodaone">{{cite web|author=Kuroda, Joe|title=Tochinishiki Kiyotaka (1925-1990) the 44th Yokozuna|publisher=Sumo Fan Magazine|url=http://www.sumofanmag.com/content/Issue_14/Rikishi_of_Old.htm|date=August 2007|accessdate=2008-05-01}}</ref> He was a fine all round athlete at elementary school, and although he had no family connections to sumo, he was introduced by a shop owner to Kasugano Oyakata, the former ''yokozuna'' [[Tochigiyama Moriya|Tochigiyama]].<ref name="kurodaone"/> Tochinishiki made his professional debut in January 1939. He was of such a small size that he had to drink copious amounts of water to met the weight requirement at his physical.<ref name="kurodaone"/> However, his stablemaster, to whom Tochinishiki served as an attendant or ''[[tsukebito]]'' and was a great influence on him in his early days, expected him to become strong.<ref name="kurodaone"/>
Born {{nihongo|Ōtsuka Kiyoshi|大塚 清}}, he later changed his name to {{nihongo|Nakata Kiyoshi|中田 清}}. One of few ''yokozuna'' to hail from the city rather than the country,<ref name="Sharnoff">{{Cite book |author=Sharnoff, Lora |title=Grand Sumo|publisher=Weatherhill |year=1993 |isbn=0-8348-0283-X}}</ref> he was born in what is now [[Koiwa]], [[Edogawa, Tokyo|Edogawa]].<ref name="kurodaone">{{cite web|author=Kuroda, Joe|title=Tochinishiki Kiyotaka (1925–1990) the 44th Yokozuna|publisher=Sumo Fan Magazine|url=http://www.sumofanmag.com/content/Issue_14/Rikishi_of_Old.htm|date=August 2007|accessdate=2008-05-01}}</ref> He was a fine all round athlete in elementary school, and although he had no family connections to sumo, he was introduced by a shop owner to Kasugano Oyakata, the former ''yokozuna'' [[Tochigiyama Moriya|Tochigiyama]].<ref name="kurodaone"/> He made his professional debut in January 1939. He was of such small size that he had to drink copious amounts of water to meet the weight requirement at his physical exam.<ref name="kurodaone"/> However, his stablemaster, to whom Tochinishiki served as an attendant or ''[[tsukebito]]'' and was a great influence on him in his early days, expected him to become strong.<ref name="kurodaone"/> He began using the Tochinishiki ''[[shikona]]'' or ring name in May 1944.


==Top division career and yokozuna career==
==Top division career and ''yokozuna'' career==
[[Image:Tochinishiki handprint.JPG|thumb|left|Tochinishiki's handprint displayed on a monument in [[Ryōgoku]], Tokyo]]
[[File:Tochinishiki 1954 Sep Dohyo-iri from Mainichi Shinbun.jpg|thumb|left|Tochinishiki performing his ''yokozuna [[dohyō-iri]]'', September 1954]]
He reached the top ''[[makuuchi]]'' division in June 1947. He made up for his lack of size by showing superb technique. He won no fewer than nine [[sanshō (Sumo)|special prizes]] for Technique, and it was even suggested that the prize had been created especially for him.<ref name="kurodaone"/> Tochinishiki was known as the ''Mamushi'' ([[Viperidae|Viper]]) due to his tenacity once he grabbed hold of his opponent's ''[[mawashi]].''<ref>{{cite web | author= Lewin, Brian| title=What will become of the dynasty?| publisher=Sumo Fan Magazine | language= | url=http://www.sumofanmag.com/content/Issue_2/Hanada.htm| date=August 2005| accessdate=2007-08-02}}</ref>
Tochinishiki reached the top ''[[makuuchi]]'' division in June 1947. He made up for his lack of size by showing superb technique. He won no fewer than nine [[sanshō (Sumo)|special prizes]] for Technique, and it was even suggested that the prize had been created especially for him.<ref name="kurodaone"/> Tochinishiki was known as the ''Mamushi'' ([[Viperidae|Viper]]) due to his tenacity once he grabbed hold of his opponent's ''[[mawashi]].''<ref>{{cite web | author= Lewin, Brian| title=What will become of the dynasty?| publisher=Sumo Fan Magazine | url=http://www.sumofanmag.com/content/Issue_2/Hanada.htm| date=August 2005| accessdate=2007-08-02}}</ref>
⚫
In January 1951, he lost 7 consecutive bouts at first but he won eight in a row and clinched his majority of wins or ''[[kachi-koshi]]'' on the final day, despite the bout being interrupted by a drunken spectator.<ref name="kurodaone"/> After this performance, Tochinishiki began to raise his rank on the ''[[banzuke]]'' rapidly, taking his first top division championship in September 1952 and earning promotion to ''[[ōzeki]].'' He finally reached ''yokozuna'' in October 1954 after winning two successive championships. There had been four ''yokozuna'' in the September 1954 tournament, [[Kagamisato]], [[Chiyonoyama]], [[Yoshibayama]] and [[Azumafuji]], but Azumafuji announced his retirement so as not to hinder Tochinishiki's promotion.<ref name="kurodatwo">{{cite web|author=Kuroda, Joe|title=Tochinishiki Kiyotaka (1925-1990) the 44th Yokozuna Part 2|publisher=Sumo Fan Magazine|url=http://www.sumofanmag.com/content/Issue_15/Rikishi_of_Old.htm|date=October 2007|accessdate=2008-05-01}}</ref>


⚫
In January 1951, he lost 7 consecutive bouts, but bounced back to win eight in a row and clinched his majority of wins or ''[[kachi-koshi]]'' on the final day, despite the bout being interrupted by a drunken spectator.<ref name="kurodaone"/> After this performance, Tochinishiki began to raise his rank on the ''[[banzuke]]'' rapidly, taking his first top division championship in September 1952 and earning promotion to ''[[Makuuchi#Ōzeki|ōzeki]]''. He finally reached ''yokozuna'' in October 1954 after winning two successive championships. There had been four ''yokozuna'' in the September 1954 tournament, [[Kagamisato]], [[Chiyonoyama]], [[Yoshibayama]] and [[Azumafuji]], but Azumafuji announced his retirement so as not to hinder Tochinishiki's promotion.<ref name="kurodatwo">{{cite web|author=Kuroda, Joe|title=Tochinishiki Kiyotaka (1925–1990) the 44th Yokozuna Part 2|publisher=Sumo Fan Magazine|url=http://www.sumofanmag.com/content/Issue_15/Rikishi_of_Old.htm|date=October 2007|accessdate=2008-05-01}}</ref>
⚫
When Tochinishiki was promoted to yokozuna, he expected that his stablemaster Tochigiyama would commend him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sumo.goo.ne.jp/ozumo_joho_kyoku/yomu/003/050.html|title=「横綱は散り際が肝心！」（元横綱・栃木山）|publisher=Nihon Sumo Kyokai|language=Japanese|accessdate=2008-06-06}}</ref> However, he told him, "From this day on, you should spend every day of your yokozuna life by thinking about the day you retire".<ref name="kurodaone"/> At first, he struggled somewhat against heavier wrestlers, but he raised his weight to around 130&nbsp;kg and he became a wrestler able to use more orthodox methods. Between March 1959 and March 1960, he won 95 bouts and lost only 10 bouts.

[[File:Tochinishiki VS Wakanohana I 1954-5b-12 Scan10006.JPG|thumb|upright|Tochinishiki (right) defeating his rival [[Wakanohana Kanji I|Wakanohana I]], summer 1954]]
⚫
He had a great rivalry with ''yokozuna'' [[Wakanohana Kanji I]], who reached the top rank in January 1958. They were of a similar build, and they each won ten top division tournament championships, with Tochinishiki coming out slightly ahead in their personal meetings with 19 wins out of 35 bouts. In July 1959 he defeated Wakanohana on the final day and won the championship with a perfect 15-0 score despite the fact that his father had been fatally hit by a truck the previous day.<ref name="Sharnoff"/>
⚫
When Tochinishiki was promoted to ''yokozuna'', he expected that his stablemaster Tochigiyama would commend him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sumo.goo.ne.jp/ozumo_joho_kyoku/yomu/003/050.html|script-title=ja:「横綱は散り際が肝心！」（元横綱・栃木山）|publisher=Nihon Sumo Kyokai|language=Japanese|accessdate=2008-06-06}}</ref> However, his stablemaster told him, "From this day on, you should spend every day of your ''yokozuna'' life by thinking about the day you retire."<ref name="kurodaone"/> At first, he struggled somewhat against heavier wrestlers, but he raised his weight to around 130&nbsp;kg and became a wrestler able to use more orthodox methods. Between March 1959 and March 1960, he won 95 bouts and lost only 10.

⚫
Tochinishiki had a great rivalry with ''yokozuna'' [[Wakanohana Kanji I]], who reached the top rank in January 1958. They were of a similar build, and each won ten top division tournament championships in their careers, with Tochinishiki coming out slightly ahead in their personal meetings with 19 wins out of 35 bouts. In July 1959 he defeated Wakanohana on the final day and won the championship with a perfect 15–0 score despite the fact that his father had been fatally hit by a truck the previous day.<ref name="Sharnoff"/>
In October 1959 his stablemaster died suddenly and Tochinishiki became head coach of [[Kasugano stable]] whilst still an active wrestler (a practice no longer permitted).<ref name="Sharnoff"/> After losing to Wakanohana in a championship-deciding match on the final day of the March 1960 tournament, he decided to retire from active competition two days into the following tournament.
In October 1959 his stablemaster died suddenly and Tochinishiki became head coach of [[Kasugano stable]] whilst still an active wrestler (a practice no longer permitted).<ref name="Sharnoff"/> After losing to Wakanohana in a championship-deciding match on the final day of the March 1960 tournament, he decided to retire from active competition two days into the following tournament.


==Later life==
==Later life==
In addition to his position as stable boss he was also head of the [[Japan Sumo Association]] from 1974 to 1988, making him the longest serving chairman to date.<ref name="Sharnoff"/> Under his direction the new [[Ryōgoku Kokugikan]] was built in 1985.<ref name="kurodatwo"/> Suffering from diabetes, he stood down voluntarily, allowing his old rival Wakanohana to ascend to the position.<ref name="kurodatwo"/> During his tenure as head of the Association, in 1985, he performed his ''[[kanreki dohyō-iri]]'' or '60th year ring entrance ceremony' to commemorate his years as yokozuna. He died in January 1990, following a stroke.<ref name="kurodatwo"/>
In addition to his position as stable boss, Tochinishiki was also the chairman (''rijichō'') of the [[Japan Sumo Association]] from 1974 to 1988, making him the longest serving chairman to date.<ref name="Sharnoff"/> Under his direction the new [[Ryōgoku Kokugikan]] was built in 1985.<ref name="kurodatwo"/> Suffering from diabetes, he stood down voluntarily, allowing his old rival Wakanohana to ascend to the position.<ref name="kurodatwo"/> During his tenure as head of the Association, in 1985, Tochinishiki performed his ''[[kanreki dohyō-iri]]'' or '60th year ring entrance ceremony' to commemorate his years as ''yokozuna''. He died in January 1990, following a stroke.<ref name="kurodatwo"/> He had been due to retire from the Sumo Association the following month when he would have turned 65 years old.


==Pre-Modern Top division record==
==Pre-Modern Top division record==
[[File:Tochinishiki handprint.JPG|thumb|right|Tochinishiki's handprint displayed on a monument in [[Ryōgoku]], Tokyo]]
*''Through most of the 1940s only two tournaments were held a year. In 1953 the New Year tournament began and the Spring tournament resumed in Osaka.''
*''Through most of the 1940s only two tournaments were held a year. In 1953 the New Year tournament began and the Spring tournament resumed in Osaka.''

{{Sumo record box start 1933-1952|Tochinishiki Kiyotaka<ref>{{cite web | author= | title=Tochinishiki Kiyotaka Rikishi Information| publisher=Sumo Reference| url=http://sumodb.sumogames.de/Rikishi.aspx?shikona=tochinishiki&heya=-1&shusshin=-1&b=-1&high=-1&hd=-1&entry=-1&intai=-1&sort=1| date= | accessdate=2007-08-02}}</ref>
{{Sumo record box start 1933-1952|Tochinishiki Kiyotaka<ref>{{cite web | author= | title=Tochinishiki Kiyotaka Rikishi Information| publisher=Sumo Reference| url=http://sumodb.sumogames.de/Rikishi.aspx?shikona=tochinishiki&heya=-1&shusshin=-1&b=-1&high=-1&hd=-1&entry=-1&intai=-1&sort=1| date= | accessdate=2007-08-02}}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Sumo record year start|1947}}
{{Sumo record year start|1947}}
<td>'''Not held'''</td>
{{Basho|note|'''Not held'''}}
{{Basho|m|18|w|4|6}}
{{Basho|m|18|w|4|6}}
{{Basho|m|16|w|9|2}}
{{Basho|m|16|w|9|2||j}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year start|1948}}
{{Sumo record year start|1948}}
<td>'''Not held'''</td>
{{Basho|note|'''Not held'''}}
{{Basho|m|8|w|5|5|1draw}}
{{Basho|m|8|w|5|5|1draw}}
{{Basho|m|7|w|7|4}}
{{Basho|m|7|w|7|4}}
Line 57: Line 63:
{{Basho|m|3|w|7|6|||t}}
{{Basho|m|3|w|7|6|||t}}
{{Basho|m|3|w|4|11}}
{{Basho|m|3|w|4|11}}
{{Basho|m|7|w|12|3|||t}}
{{Basho|m|7|w|12|3||j|t}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year start|1950}}
{{Sumo record year start|1950}}
{{Basho|k||w|8|7|||t}}
{{Basho|k|2|w|8|7|||t}}
{{Basho|k||e|5|10}}
{{Basho|k|1|e|5|10}}
{{Basho|m|3|e|8|7|||t|*}}
{{Basho|m|3|e|8|7|||t|*}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year start|1951}}
{{Sumo record year start|1951}}
{{Basho|m|2|e|8|7}}
{{Basho|m|2|e|8|7}}
{{Basho|k||e|9|6|||t}}
{{Basho|k|1|e|9|6|||t}}
{{Basho|s||w|9|6|||t}}
{{Basho|s|1|w|9|6|||t}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year start|1952}}
{{Sumo record year start|1952}}
{{Basho|s||e|10|5|||t|o}}
{{Basho|s|2|e|10|5|||t|o}}
{{Basho|s||e|10|5|||t}}
{{Basho|s|1|e|10|5|||t}}
{{Basho|s||w|14|1||y|t}}
{{Basho|s|1|w|14|1||y|t}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record box end}}
{{Sumo record box start 1953-1956}}
{{Sumo record box start 1953-1956}}
{{Sumo record year start|1953}}
{{Sumo record year start|1953}}
{{Basho|o||e|11|4}}
{{Basho|o|2|e|11|4}}
{{Basho|o||e|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|o|1|e|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|o||e|13|2}}
{{Basho|o|1|e|13|2}}
{{Basho|o||w|8|7}}
{{Basho|o|1|w|8|7}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year start|1954}}
{{Sumo record year start|1954}}
{{Basho|o||w|9|6}}
{{Basho|o|1|w|9|6}}
{{Basho|o||w|9|6}}
{{Basho|o|1|w|9|6}}
{{Basho|o||w|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|o|1|w|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|o||e|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|o|1|e|14|1||y}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year start|1955}}
{{Sumo record year start|1955}}
{{Basho|y||w|10|5}}
{{Basho|y|1|w|10|5}}
{{Basho|y||w|12|3}}
{{Basho|y|1|w|12|3}}
{{Basho|y||w|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|y|1|w|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|y||e|4|3|8}}
{{Basho|y|1|e|4|3|8}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year start|1956}}
{{Sumo record year start|1956}}
{{Basho|y||w|9|6}}
{{Basho|y|2|w|9|6}}
{{Basho|y||e|9|6}}
{{Basho|y|2|e|9|6}}
{{Basho|y||w|5|5|5}}
{{Basho|y|1|w|5|5|5}}
{{Basho|Y||w|11|4}}
{{Basho|Y|2|w|11|4}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record box end}}
{{Sumo record box end}}
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{{Sumo record box start}}
{{Sumo record box start}}
{{Sumo record year start|1957}}
{{Sumo record year start|1957}}
{{Basho|y||e|11|4}}
{{Basho|y|2|e|11|4}}
{{Basho|y||w|11|4}}
{{Basho|y|1|w|11|4}}
{{Basho|y||e|12|3}}
{{Basho|y|1|e|12|3||j}}
<td>'''Not held'''</td>
{{Basho|note|'''Not held'''}}
{{Basho|y||e|13|2||y}}
{{Basho|y|1|e|13|2||y}}
{{Basho|y||e|12|3}}
{{Basho|y|1|e|12|3||j}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year start|1958}}
{{Sumo record year start|1958}}
{{Basho|y||e|11|4}}
{{Basho|y|1|e|11|4}}
{{Basho|y||w|11|4}}
{{Basho|y|1|w|11|4}}
{{Basho|y||e|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|y|2|e|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|y||e|12|3}}
{{Basho|y|1|e|12|3||j}}
{{Basho|y||w|6|5|4}}
{{Basho|y|1|w|6|5|4}}
{{Basho|KYUJO}}
{{basho|KYUJO|rank=y|r-no=1|tozai=w}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year start|1959}}
{{Sumo record year start|1959}}
{{Basho|y||w|10|5}}
{{Basho|y|1|w|10|5}}
{{Basho|y||w|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|y|1|w|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|y||e|14|1|P}}
{{Basho|y|1|e|14|1|P|j}}
{{Basho|y||e|15|0||y}}
{{Basho|y|1|e|15|0||y}}
{{Basho|y||e|12|3}}
{{Basho|y|1|e|12|3||j}}
{{Basho|y||w|12|3}}
{{Basho|y|1|w|12|3||j}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year start|1960}}
{{Sumo record year start|1960}}
{{Basho|y||e|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|y|1|e|14|1||y}}
{{Basho|y||e|14|1}}
{{Basho|y|1|e|14|1||j}}
{{Basho|intai|rank=y|tozai=w|win=0|loss=3}}
{{Basho|intai|rank=y|tozai=w|r-no=1|win=0|loss=3}}
{{Basho}}
{{Basho}}
{{Basho}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record year end}}
{{Sumo record box end}}
{{Sumo record box end}}
Line 137: Line 147:
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Glossary of sumo terms]]
*[[Glossary of sumo terms]]
*[[Kanreki dohyo-iri]]
*[[List of past sumo wrestlers]]
*[[List of past sumo wrestlers]]
*[[List of sumo tournament top division champions]]
*[[List of sumo tournament top division champions]]
*[[List of Yokozuna]]
*[[List of sumo tournament top division runners-up]]
*[[List of yokozuna]]


==References==
==References==
Line 145: Line 157:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://sumo.goo.ne.jp/eng/kiroku_daicho/mei_yokozuna/tochinishiki.html Japan Sumo Association profile]
* [http://sumo.goo.ne.jp/eng/kiroku_daicho/mei_yokozuna/tochinishiki.html Japan Sumo Association profile]


{{Yokozuna box | previous = [[Yoshibayama Junnosuke]] | number = 44th | active = 1954 - 1960 | next = [[Wakanohana Kanji I]]}}
{{Yokozuna box | previous = [[Yoshibayama Junnosuke]] | number = 44th | active = 1954–1960 | next = [[Wakanohana Kanji I]]}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-sports}}
{{succession box |
{{succession box
title=[[Japan Sumo Association#Rijicho|Chairman of the Japan Sumo Association]] |
| title = [[Japan Sumo Association#Rijicho|Chairman of the Japan Sumo Association]]
before=[[Dewanohana Kuniichi]] | after=[[Wakanohana Kanji I]] |
| before = [[Dewanohana Kuniichi]] | after=[[Wakanohana Kanji I]]
years=1974–1988}}
| years = 1974–1988}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
⚫
| NAME =Tochinishiki, Kiyotaka
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Japanese sumo wrestler
| DATE OF BIRTH =1925-02-20
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Tokyo]], Japan
| DATE OF DEATH =1990-01-10
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tochinishiki, Kiyotaka}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tochinishiki, Kiyotaka}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
[[Category:Japanese sumo wrestlers]]
[[Category:Japanese sumo wrestlers]]
[[Category:People from Edogawa, Tokyo]]
[[Category:Sumo people from Tokyo]]
[[Category:Sumo people from Tokyo]]
[[Category:Yokozuna]]
[[Category:Yokozuna]]

Latest revision as of 02:34, 17 April 2024

In this Japanese shikona name, the surname is Tochinishiki.
Tochinishiki Kiyotaka
栃錦 清隆
Tochinishiki holding the Emperor's Cup after winning the September 1954 tournament
Personal information
BornŌtsuka Kiyoshi
(1925-02-20)February 20, 1925
Tokyo, Japan
DiedJanuary 10, 1990(1990-01-10) (aged 64)
Height1.77 m (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in)
Weight132 kg (291 lb)
Career
StableKasugano
Record576–244–32–1 draw
DebutJanuary, 1939
Highest rankYokozuna (October 1954)
RetiredMay, 1960
Elder nameKasugano
Championships10 (Makuuchi)
Special PrizesOutstanding Performance (1)
Technique (9)
Gold Stars1 (Azumafuji)
* Up to date as of June 2020.

Tochinishiki Kiyotaka (Japanese: 栃錦 清隆, February 20, 1925 – January 10, 1990) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Tokyo. He was the sport's 44th yokozuna. He won ten top division yūshō or tournament championships and was a rival of fellow yokozuna Wakanohana I. He became the head coach of Kasugano stable in 1959 and was head of the Japan Sumo Association from 1974 until 1988.

Early career[edit]

Born Ōtsuka Kiyoshi (大塚 清), he later changed his name to Nakata Kiyoshi (中田 清). One of few yokozuna to hail from the city rather than the country,[1] he was born in what is now Koiwa, Edogawa.[2] He was a fine all round athlete in elementary school, and although he had no family connections to sumo, he was introduced by a shop owner to Kasugano Oyakata, the former yokozuna Tochigiyama.[2] He made his professional debut in January 1939. He was of such small size that he had to drink copious amounts of water to meet the weight requirement at his physical exam.[2] However, his stablemaster, to whom Tochinishiki served as an attendant or tsukebito and was a great influence on him in his early days, expected him to become strong.[2] He began using the Tochinishiki shikona or ring name in May 1944.

Top division career and yokozuna career[edit]

Tochinishiki performing his yokozuna dohyō-iri, September 1954

Tochinishiki reached the top makuuchi division in June 1947. He made up for his lack of size by showing superb technique. He won no fewer than nine special prizes for Technique, and it was even suggested that the prize had been created especially for him.[2] Tochinishiki was known as the Mamushi (Viper) due to his tenacity once he grabbed hold of his opponent's mawashi.[3]

In January 1951, he lost 7 consecutive bouts, but bounced back to win eight in a row and clinched his majority of wins or kachi-koshi on the final day, despite the bout being interrupted by a drunken spectator.[2] After this performance, Tochinishiki began to raise his rank on the banzuke rapidly, taking his first top division championship in September 1952 and earning promotion to ōzeki. He finally reached yokozuna in October 1954 after winning two successive championships. There had been four yokozuna in the September 1954 tournament, Kagamisato, Chiyonoyama, Yoshibayama and Azumafuji, but Azumafuji announced his retirement so as not to hinder Tochinishiki's promotion.[4]

Tochinishiki (right) defeating his rival Wakanohana I, summer 1954

When Tochinishiki was promoted to yokozuna, he expected that his stablemaster Tochigiyama would commend him.[5] However, his stablemaster told him, "From this day on, you should spend every day of your yokozuna life by thinking about the day you retire."[2] At first, he struggled somewhat against heavier wrestlers, but he raised his weight to around 130 kg and became a wrestler able to use more orthodox methods. Between March 1959 and March 1960, he won 95 bouts and lost only 10.

Tochinishiki had a great rivalry with yokozuna Wakanohana Kanji I, who reached the top rank in January 1958. They were of a similar build, and each won ten top division tournament championships in their careers, with Tochinishiki coming out slightly ahead in their personal meetings with 19 wins out of 35 bouts. In July 1959 he defeated Wakanohana on the final day and won the championship with a perfect 15–0 score despite the fact that his father had been fatally hit by a truck the previous day.[1] In October 1959 his stablemaster died suddenly and Tochinishiki became head coach of Kasugano stable whilst still an active wrestler (a practice no longer permitted).[1] After losing to Wakanohana in a championship-deciding match on the final day of the March 1960 tournament, he decided to retire from active competition two days into the following tournament.

Later life[edit]

In addition to his position as stable boss, Tochinishiki was also the chairman (rijichō) of the Japan Sumo Association from 1974 to 1988, making him the longest serving chairman to date.[1] Under his direction the new Ryōgoku Kokugikan was built in 1985.[4] Suffering from diabetes, he stood down voluntarily, allowing his old rival Wakanohana to ascend to the position.[4] During his tenure as head of the Association, in 1985, Tochinishiki performed his kanreki dohyō-iri or '60th year ring entrance ceremony' to commemorate his years as yokozuna. He died in January 1990, following a stroke.[4] He had been due to retire from the Sumo Association the following month when he would have turned 65 years old.

Pre-Modern Top division record[edit]

Tochinishiki's handprint displayed on a monument in Ryōgoku, Tokyo
  • Through most of the 1940s only two tournaments were held a year. In 1953 the New Year tournament began and the Spring tournament resumed in Osaka.
Tochinishiki Kiyotaka[6]
- Spring
Haru basho, Tokyo		 Summer
Natsu basho, Tokyo		 Autumn
Aki basho, Tokyo
1947 Not held West Maegashira #18
4–6
 		 West Maegashira #16
9–2
 
1948 Not held West Maegashira #8
5–5–1draw
 		 West Maegashira #7
7–4
 
1949 West Maegashira #3
7–6
T		 West Maegashira #3
4–11
 		 West Maegashira #7
12–3
T
1950 West Komusubi #2
8–7
T		 East Komusubi #1
5–10
 		 East Maegashira #3
8–7
T★
1951 East Maegashira #2
8–7
 		 East Komusubi #1
9–6
T		 West Sekiwake #1
9–6
T
1952 East Sekiwake #2
10–5
TO		 East Sekiwake #1
10–5
T		 West Sekiwake #1
14–1
T
Record given as wins–losses–absencies    Top division champion Top division runner-up Retired Lower divisions Non-participation

Sanshō key: F=Fighting spirit; O=Outstanding performance; T=Technique     Also shown: ★=Kinboshi; P=Playoff(s)
Divisions: Makuuchi — Jūryō — Makushita — Sandanme — Jonidan — Jonokuchi

Makuuchi ranks: Yokozuna — Ōzeki — Sekiwake — Komusubi — Maegashira
- New Year
Hatsu basho, Tokyo		 Spring
Haru basho, Osaka		 Summer
Natsu basho, Tokyo		 Autumn
Aki basho, Tokyo
1953 East Ōzeki #2
11–4
 		 East Ōzeki #1
14–1
 		 East Ōzeki #1
13–2
 		 West Ōzeki #1
8–7
 
1954 West Ōzeki #1
9–6
 		 West Ōzeki #1
9–6
 		 West Ōzeki #1
14–1
 		 East Ōzeki #1
14–1
 
1955 West Yokozuna #1
10–5
 		 West Yokozuna #1
12–3
 		 West Yokozuna #1
14–1
 		 East Yokozuna #1
4–3–8
 
1956 West Yokozuna #2
9–6
 		 East Yokozuna #2
9–6
 		 West Yokozuna #1
5–5–5
 		 West Yokozuna #2
11–4
 
Record given as wins–losses–absencies    Top division champion Top division runner-up Retired Lower divisions Non-participation

Sanshō key: F=Fighting spirit; O=Outstanding performance; T=Technique     Also shown: ★=Kinboshi; P=Playoff(s)
Divisions: Makuuchi — Jūryō — Makushita — Sandanme — Jonidan — Jonokuchi

Makuuchi ranks: Yokozuna — Ōzeki — Sekiwake — Komusubi — Maegashira

Modern top division record[edit]

  • Since the addition of the Kyushu tournament in 1957 and the Nagoya tournament in 1958, the yearly schedule has remained unchanged.
Year January
Hatsu basho, Tokyo		 March
Haru basho, Osaka		 May
Natsu basho, Tokyo		 July
Nagoya basho, Nagoya		 September
Aki basho, Tokyo		 November
Kyūshū basho, Fukuoka
1957 East Yokozuna #2
11–4
 		 West Yokozuna #1
11–4
 		 East Yokozuna #1
12–3
 		 Not held East Yokozuna #1
13–2
 		 East Yokozuna #1
12–3
 
1958 East Yokozuna #1
11–4
 		 West Yokozuna #1
11–4
 		 East Yokozuna #2
14–1
 		 East Yokozuna #1
12–3
 		 West Yokozuna #1
6–5–4
 		 West Yokozuna #1
Sat out due to injury
0–0–15
1959 West Yokozuna #1
10–5
 		 West Yokozuna #1
14–1
 		 East Yokozuna #1
14–1–P
 		 East Yokozuna #1
15–0
 		 East Yokozuna #1
12–3
 		 West Yokozuna #1
12–3
 
1960 East Yokozuna #1
14–1
 		 East Yokozuna #1
14–1
 		 West Yokozuna #1
Retired
0–3		 x x x
Record given as wins–losses–absencies    Top division champion Top division runner-up Retired Lower divisions Non-participation

Sanshō key: F=Fighting spirit; O=Outstanding performance; T=Technique     Also shown: ★=Kinboshi; P=Playoff(s)
Divisions: Makuuchi — Jūryō — Makushita — Sandanme — Jonidan — Jonokuchi

Makuuchi ranks: Yokozuna — Ōzeki — Sekiwake — Komusubi — Maegashira

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Sharnoff, Lora (1993). Grand Sumo. Weatherhill. ISBN 0-8348-0283-X.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Kuroda, Joe (August 2007). "Tochinishiki Kiyotaka (1925–1990) the 44th Yokozuna". Sumo Fan Magazine. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
  3. ^ Lewin, Brian (August 2005). "What will become of the dynasty?". Sumo Fan Magazine. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
  4. ^ a b c d Kuroda, Joe (October 2007). "Tochinishiki Kiyotaka (1925–1990) the 44th Yokozuna Part 2". Sumo Fan Magazine. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
  5. ^ 「横綱は散り際が肝心！」（元横綱・栃木山） (in Japanese). Nihon Sumo Kyokai. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
  6. ^ "Tochinishiki Kiyotaka Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 2007-08-02.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tochinishiki Kiyotaka.


Preceded by 44th Yokozuna
1954–1960 		Succeeded by
Yokozuna is not a successive rank, and more than one wrestler can hold the title at once
Sporting positions
Preceded by Chairman of the Japan Sumo Association
1974–1988 		Succeeded by
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