Beta decay and 1946 VFL season: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Victorian Football League season
{{Nuclear physics}}
| year = 1946
In [[nuclear physics]], '''beta decay''' is a type of [[radioactive decay]] in which a [[beta particle]] (an [[electron]] or a [[positron]]) is emitted. In the case of electron emission, it is referred to as "beta minus" ({{SubatomicParticle|Beta-}}), while in the case of a [[positron emission]] as "beta plus" ({{SubatomicParticle|Beta+}}). [[Kinetic energy]] of beta particles has continuous spectrum ranging from 0 to maximal available energy (''[[Q values|Q]]''), which depends on parent and daughter nuclear states participating in the decay. Typical ''Q'' is of order of 1 MeV, but it can range from a few keV to a few tens of MeV. The most energetic beta particles are [[ultrarelativistic]], with speeds very close to the [[speed of light]].
| image = Dick Reynolds.jpg
== {{SubatomicParticle|Beta-}} decay ==
| imagesize = 120px
[[Image:Beta-minus Decay.svg|thumb|right|Beta-minus ({{SubatomicParticle|Beta-}}) decay. The intermediate emission of a [[W boson|{{SubatomicParticle|W boson-}} boson]] is omitted.]]
| caption = Essendon captain-coach [[Dick Reynolds]]
In {{SubatomicParticle|Beta-}} decay, the [[weak interaction]] converts a [[neutron]] ({{SubatomicParticle|Neutron0}}) into a [[proton]] ({{SubatomicParticle|Proton+}}) while emitting an electron ({{SubatomicParticle|Electron|link=yes}}) and an [[antineutrino]] ({{SubatomicParticle|Electron antineutrino}}):
| clubs = 12
| home-and-away season = 19 rounds
| premiership team = [[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]]
| count = 8th
| minor premiers = [[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]]
| brownlow medalist = [[Don Cordner]]
| top goal kicker = [[Des Fothergill]] (63)
}}
Results and statistics for the '''[[Australian Football League|Victorian Football League]] season of 1946'''.


==Premiership season==
<!-- Autogenerated using Phykiformulae 0.11 by [[User:SkyLined]]
In 1946, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the '''19th man''' and the '''20th man'''. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.
<math>
n \rightarrow p^+ + e^- + \bar{\nu_e}
</math>
-->:{| border="0"
|- style="height:2em;"
|{{SubatomicParticle|Neutron0|link=yes}}&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|Proton+|link=yes}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|Electron|link=yes}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|Electron Antineutrino|link=yes}}
|}


Teams played each other in a home-and-away season of 19 rounds; matches 12 to 19 were the "home-and-way reverse" of matches 1 to 8.
At the [[fundamental particle|fundamental]] level (as depicted in the [[Feynman diagram]] below), this is due to the conversion of a [[down quark]] to an [[up quark]] by emission of a [[W boson|{{SubatomicParticle|W boson-}} boson]]; the {{SubatomicParticle|W boson-}} boson subsequently decays into an electron and an [[antineutrino]].
{{clr}}


The determination of the 1946 season's fixtures were complicated by the fact that both the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] and the [[Bob Jane Stadium|Lake Oval]] were still unavailable and, because of this, [[Melbourne Football Club|Melbourne]] shared the [[Punt Road Oval]] with [[Richmond Football Club|Richmond]] as their home ground, and [[Sydney Swans|South Melbourne]] shared the [[Junction Oval]] with [[St Kilda Football Club|St Kilda]] as their home ground. Melbourne resumed using the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] as its home ground in round 17.
== {{SubatomicParticle|Beta+}} decay ==
[[Image:Beta Negative Decay.svg|thumb|right|200px|The [[Feynman diagram]] for beta minus decay of a [[neutron]] into a [[proton]], [[electron]], and [[neutrino|electron antineutrino]] via an intermediate heavy [[W boson|{{SubatomicParticle|W boson-}} boson]]]]
{{see also|Positron emission}}
In {{SubatomicParticle|Beta+}} decay, energy is used to convert a proton into a neutron, a [[positron]] ({{SubatomicParticle|Positron|link=yes}}) and a [[neutrino]] ({{SubatomicParticle|Electron Neutrino|link=yes}}):


Once the 19 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1946 VFL ''Premiers'' were determined by the specific format and conventions of the [[Early_VFL_Final_systems#The_Page-McIntyre_system_.281931.29|"Page-McIntyre system"]].
<!-- Autogenerated using Phykiformulae 0.11 by [[User:SkyLined]]
energy + p -> n + e+ + ve
-->:{| border="0"
|- style="height:2em;"
|energy&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|Proton+|link=yes}}&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron0}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Positron}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Electron Neutrino}}
|}


===Round 1===
So, unlike {{SubatomicParticle|Beta-}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Beta+}} decay cannot occur in isolation, because it requires energy, the [[mass]] of the neutron being greater than the mass of the proton. {{SubatomicParticle|Beta+}} decay can only happen inside nuclei when the absolute value of the [[binding energy]] of the mother nucleus is lower than that of the daughter nucleus. The difference between these energies goes into the reaction of converting a proton into a neutron, a positron and a neutrino and into the kinetic energy of these particles.
{{clr}}
{{start box}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Fit}}
| 12.11 (83)
| '''{{AFL Ric}}'''
| '''12.15 (87)'''
| [[Brunswick Street Oval]]
| 32,000
| 20 April 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| '''20.17 (137)'''
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 12.19 (91)
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 18,000
| 20 April 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''15.10 (100)'''
| {{AFL Ess}}
| 14.14 (98)
| [[Western Oval]]
| 26,000
| 20 April 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Nor}}'''
| '''19.23 (137)'''
| {{AFL StK}}
| 12.6 (78)
| [[Arden Street Oval]]
| 11,000
| 22 April 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 7.19 (61)
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''18.16 (124)'''
| [[Glenferrie Oval]]
| 19,000
| 22 April 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL SM}}
| 16.13 (109)
| '''{{AFL Car}}'''
| '''18.9 (117)'''
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 38,000
| 22 April 1946
{{end box}}


===Round 2===
== Electron capture (e -capture)==
{{start box}}
In all the cases where {{SubatomicParticle|Beta+}} decay is allowed energetically (and the proton is a part of a nucleus with electron shells), it is accompanied by the [[electron capture]] process, when an atomic electron is captured by a nucleus with the emission of a neutrino:
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Gee}}'''
| '''15.14 (104)'''
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 9.19 (73)
| [[Kardinia Park (Stadium)]]
| 7,500
| 27 April 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''10.11 (71)'''
| {{AFL SM}}
| 8.5 (53)
| [[Windy Hill, Essendon|Windy Hill]]
| 16,000
| 27 April 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''10.14 (74)'''
| {{AFL Fit}}
| 8.10 (58)
| [[Victoria Park, Melbourne|Victoria Park]]
| 22,000
| 27 April 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Car}}
| 9.12 (66)
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| '''10.12 (72)'''
| [[Princes Park Football Ground|Princes Park]]
| 21,000
| 27 April 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Ric}}
| 15.15 (105)
| '''{{AFL Nor}}'''
| '''19.19 (133)'''
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 23,000
| 27 April 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL StK}}
| 11.3 (69)
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''16.21 (117)'''
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 14,000
| 27 April 1946
{{end box}}


===Round 3===
<!-- Autogenerated using Phykiformulae 0.11 by [[User:SkyLined]]
{{start box}}
energy + p + e- -> n + ve
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
-->:{| border="0"
| '''Home team'''
|- style="height:2em;"
| '''Home team score'''
|energy&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Proton+}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Electron}}&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron0}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Electron Neutrino}}
| '''Away team'''
|}
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ric}}'''
| '''16.14 (110)'''
| {{AFL StK}}
| 6.15 (51)
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 17,000
| 5 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Fit}}'''
| '''20.19 (139)'''
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 9.9 (63)
| [[Brunswick Street Oval]]
| 12,000
| 5 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''21.15 (141)'''
| {{AFL Mel}}
| 12.13 (85)
| [[Windy Hill, Essendon|Windy Hill]]
| 17,000
| 5 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL SM}}
| 12.14 (86)
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''14.18 (102)'''
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 25,000
| 5 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Nor}}
| 10.14 (74)
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''12.12 (84)'''
| [[Arden Street Oval]]
| 30,000
| 5 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 15.11 (101)
| '''{{AFL Car}}'''
| '''19.17 (131)'''
| [[Glenferrie Oval]]
| 16,000
| 5 May 1946
{{end box}}


===Round 4===
But if the energy difference between initial and final states is low (less than 2''m''<sub>e</sub>''c''<sup>2</sup>), then {{SubatomicParticle|Beta+}} decay is not energetically possible, and [[electron capture]] is the sole decay mode.
{{start box}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| '''12.15 (87)'''
| {{AFL SM}}
| 11.8 (74)
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 18,000
| 11 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 11.18 (84)
| '''{{AFL Nor}}'''
| '''19.12 (126)'''
| [[Kardinia Park (Stadium)]]
| 11,500
| 11 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''19.19 (133)'''
| {{AFL Ric}}
| 17.10 (112)
| [[Western Oval]]
| 27,000
| 11 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Car}}
| 6.16 (52)
| '''{{AFL Fit}}'''
| '''16.18 (114)'''
| [[Princes Park Football Ground|Princes Park]]
| 30,000
| 11 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 8.6 (54)
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''24.13 (157)'''
| [[Glenferrie Oval]]
| 10,000
| 11 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL StK}}
| 13.7 (85)
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''14.20 (104)'''
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 15,000
| 11 May 1946
{{end box}}


===Round 5===
== Nuclear transmutation ==
{{start box}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 11.8 (74)
| '''{{AFL StK}}'''
| '''13.17 (95)'''
| [[Kardinia Park (Stadium)]]
| 9,000
| 18 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''11.13 (79)'''
| {{AFL Fit}}
| 4.15 (39)
| [[Windy Hill, Essendon|Windy Hill]]
| 17,000
| 18 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Col}}
| 2.16 (28)
| '''{{AFL Ric}}'''
| '''14.10 (94)'''
| [[Victoria Park, Melbourne|Victoria Park]]
| 24,000
| 18 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Car}}'''
| '''11.15 (81)'''
| {{AFL Nor}}
| 9.11 (65)
| [[Princes Park Football Ground|Princes Park]]
| 19,000
| 18 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL SM}}'''
| '''11.21 (87)'''
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 6.17 (53)
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 10,000
| 18 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Mel}}
| 12.13 (85)
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''22.14 (146)'''
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 18,000
| 18 May 1946
{{end box}}


===Round 6===
If the proton and neutron are part of an [[atomic nucleus]], these decay processes [[Nuclear transmutation|transmute]] one chemical element into another. For example:
{{start box}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Haw}}'''
| '''16.10 (106)'''
| {{AFL Mel}}
| 13.13 (91)
| [[Glenferrie Oval]]
| 8,000
| 25 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Fit}}
| 7.21 (63)
| '''{{AFL SM}}'''
| '''10.12 (72)'''
| [[Brunswick Street Oval]]
| 18,000
| 25 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ric}}'''
| '''21.23 (149)'''
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 13.9 (87)
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 15,000
| 25 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Nor}}
| 5.13 (43)
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''11.17 (83)'''
| [[Arden Street Oval]]
| 18,000
| 25 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''10.12 (72)'''
| {{AFL Col}}
| 9.15 (69)
| [[Western Oval]]
| 29,000
| 25 May 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL StK}}
| 10.12 (72)
| '''{{AFL Car}}'''
| '''22.17 (149)'''
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 19,000
| 25 May 1946
{{end box}}


===Round 7===
<!-- Autogenerated using Phykiformulae 0.11 by [[User:SkyLined]]
{{start box}}
Cs-137 _ _ -> Ba-137 + e- + !ve (beta_minus_decay)
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
Na-22 _ _ -> Ne-22 + e+ + ve (beta_plus_decay)
| '''Home team'''
Na-22 + e- -> Ne-22 + ve _ _ (electron_capture)
| '''Home team score'''
-->:{| border="0"
| '''Away team'''
|- style="height:2em;"
| '''Away team score'''
|{{Nuclide|link=yes|caesium|137}}&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{Nuclide|link=yes|barium|137}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Electron}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Electron Antineutrino}}&nbsp;||(beta minus decay)
| '''Venue'''
|- style="height:2em;"
| '''Crowd'''
|{{Nuclide|link=yes|sodium|22}}&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{Nuclide|link=yes|neon|22}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Positron}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Electron Neutrino}}&nbsp;||(beta plus decay)
| '''Date'''
|- style="height:2em;"
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|{{Nuclide|link=yes|sodium|22}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Electron}}&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{Nuclide|link=yes|neon|22}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Electron Neutrino}}&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||(electron capture)
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
|}
| '''20.20 (140)'''
| {{AFL StK}}
| 7.16 (58)
| [[Windy Hill, Essendon|Windy Hill]]
| 11,000
| 1 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Car}}'''
| '''15.13 (103)'''
| {{AFL Ric}}
| 11.10 (76)
| [[Princes Park Football Ground|Princes Park]]
| 42,000
| 1 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL SM}}'''
| '''10.16 (76)'''
| {{AFL Nor}}
| 10.10 (70)
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 17,000
| 1 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 13.12 (90)
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''14.15 (99)'''
| [[Glenferrie Oval]]
| 13,000
| 1 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Mel}}
| 5.11 (41)
| '''{{AFL Fit}}'''
| '''14.13 (97)'''
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 12,000
| 1 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 10.8 (68)
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''20.12 (132)'''
| [[Kardinia Park (Stadium)]]
| 10,000
| 1 June 1946
{{end box}}


===Round 8===
Beta decay does not change the number of [[nucleon]]s ''A'' in the nucleus but changes only its [[electric charge|charge]] ''Z''. Thus the set of all [[nuclide]]s with the same ''A'' can be introduced; these ''[[isobar]]ic'' nuclides may turn into each other via beta decay. Among them, several nuclides (at least one) are beta stable, because they present local minima of the [[mass excess]]: if such a nucleus has (''A'', ''Z'') numbers, the neighbour nuclei (''A'', ''Z''&minus;1) and (''A'', ''Z''+1) have higher mass excess and can beta decay into (''A'', ''Z''), but not vice versa. A beta-stable nucleus may undergo other kinds of radioactive decay ([[alpha decay]], for example). In nature, most isotopes are beta stable, but a few exceptions exist with [[half life|half-lives]] so long that they have not had enough time to decay since the moment of their [[nucleosynthesis]]. One example is {{Nuclide|link=yes|Potassium|40}}, which undergoes all three types of beta decay ({{SubatomicParticle|Beta-}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Beta+}} and electron capture) with a half life of {{val|1.277|e=9}} years.
{{start box}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Fit}}'''
| '''14.14 (98)'''
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 9.10 (64)
| [[Brunswick Street Oval]]
| 12,000
| 8 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Nor}}'''
| '''9.2 (56)'''
| {{AFL Mel}}
| 3.9 (27)
| [[Arden Street Oval]]
| 8,000
| 8 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Ric}}
| 10.10 (70)
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''15.17 (107)'''
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 38,000
| 8 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL StK}}
| 7.5 (47)
| '''{{AFL SM}}'''
| '''15.22 (112)'''
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 17,000
| 10 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''16.22 (118)'''
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 7.13 (55)
| [[Western Oval]]
| 15,000
| 10 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''16.16 (112)'''
| {{AFL Car}}
| 7.14 (56)
| [[Victoria Park, Melbourne|Victoria Park]]
| 40,000
| 10 June 1946
{{end box}}


===Round 9===
== Double beta decay ==
{{start box}}
{{main|Double beta decay}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
Some nuclei can undergo '''double beta decay''' (ββ decay) where the charge of the nucleus changes by two units. In most practically interesting cases, single beta decay is energetically forbidden for such nuclei, because when β and ββ decays are both allowed, the probability of β decay is (usually) much higher, preventing investigations of very rare ββ decays. Thus, ββ decay is usually studied only for beta stable nuclei. Like single beta decay, double beta decay does not change ''A''; thus, at least one of the nuclides with some given ''A'' has to be stable with regard to both single and double beta decay.
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| '''14.12 (96)'''
| {{AFL StK}}
| 8.9 (57)
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 11,000
| 15 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''16.10 (106)'''
| {{AFL Fit}}
| 15.9 (99)
| [[Western Oval]]
| 22,000
| 15 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''16.22 (118)'''
| {{AFL Col}}
| 11.10 (76)
| [[Windy Hill, Essendon|Windy Hill]]
| 32,000
| 15 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Haw}}'''
| '''17.20 (122)'''
| {{AFL Nor}}
| 14.13 (97)
| [[Glenferrie Oval]]
| 14,000
| 17 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Car}}'''
| '''18.20 (128)'''
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 13.11 (89)
| [[Princes Park Football Ground|Princes Park]]
| 17,000
| 17 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL SM}}'''
| '''18.16 (124)'''
| {{AFL Ric}}
| 15.20 (110)
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 38,000
| 17 June 1946
{{end box}}


===Round 10===
Beta decay can be considered as a perturbation as described in quantum mechanics, and thus follows [[Fermi's Golden Rule]].
{{start box}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''18.17 (125)'''
| {{AFL SM}}
| 12.12 (84)
| [[Victoria Park, Melbourne|Victoria Park]]
| 26,000
| 22 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Car}}'''
| '''12.20 (92)'''
| {{AFL Foo}}
| 13.10 (88)
| [[Princes Park Football Ground|Princes Park]]
| 39,000
| 22 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Ric}}
| 9.16 (70)
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| '''13.8 (86)'''
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 18,000
| 22 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL StK}}'''
| '''10.24 (84)'''
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 9.12 (66)
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 8,000
| 22 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Nor}}'''
| '''15.8 (98)'''
| {{AFL Fit}}
| 13.10 (88)
| [[Arden Street Oval]]
| 12,000
| 22 June 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Gee}}'''
| '''18.18 (126)'''
| {{AFL Ess}}
| 12.15 (87)
| [[Kardinia Park (Stadium)]]
| 11,500
| 22 June 1946
{{end box}}


==Kurie plot==
===Round 11===
{{start box}}
{{Expand-section|date=June 2008}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
A '''Kurie plot''' (also known as a '''Fermi-Kurie plot''') is a graph used in studying beta decay, in which the square root of the number of beta particles whose momenta (or energy) lie within a certain narrow range, divided by a function worked out by Fermi, is plotted against beta-particle energy; it is a straight line for allowed transitions and some forbidden transitions, in accord with the Fermi beta-decay theory.
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 9.6 (60)
| '''{{AFL Ric}}'''
| '''14.14 (98)'''
| [[Glenferrie Oval]]
| 11,000
| 6 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''18.9 (117)'''
| {{AFL Nor}}
| 9.12 (66)
| [[Western Oval]]
| 18,000
| 6 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Fit}}'''
| '''12.14 (86)'''
| {{AFL StK}}
| 7.11 (53)
| [[Brunswick Street Oval]]
| 7,000
| 6 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL SM}}'''
| '''12.19 (91)'''
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 7.12 (54)
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 9,000
| 6 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| '''13.13 (91)'''
| {{AFL Col}}
| 10.9 (69)
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 17,000
| 6 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''12.12 (84)'''
| {{AFL Car}}
| 9.9 (63)
| [[Windy Hill, Essendon|Windy Hill]]
| 29,000
| 6 July 1946
{{end box}}


==History==
===Round 12===
{{start box}}
{{Expand-section|date=June 2008}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
Historically, the study of beta decay provided the first physical evidence of the [[neutrino]]. In 1911 [[Lise Meitner]] and [[Otto Hahn]] performed an experiment that showed that the energies of electrons emitted by beta decay had a continuous rather than discrete spectrum. This was in apparent contradiction to the [[law of conservation of energy]], as it appeared that energy was lost in the beta decay process. A second problem was that the spin of the Nitrogen-14 atom was 1, in contradiction to the [[Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson|Rutherford]] prediction of ½.
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 15.7 (97)
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| '''21.14 (140)'''
| [[Kardinia Park (Stadium)]]
| 11,500
| 13 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''16.24 (120)'''
| {{AFL Foo}}
| 14.8 (92)
| [[Windy Hill, Essendon|Windy Hill]]
| 29,000
| 13 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''15.23 (113)'''
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 11.14 (80)
| [[Victoria Park, Melbourne|Victoria Park]]
| 11,000
| 13 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Car}}'''
| '''12.13 (85)'''
| {{AFL SM}}
| 11.18 (84)
| [[Princes Park Football Ground|Princes Park]]
| 26,000
| 13 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL StK}}
| 10.14 (74)
| '''{{AFL Nor}}'''
| '''12.11 (83)'''
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 7,000
| 13 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ric}}'''
| '''14.14 (98)'''
| {{AFL Fit}}
| 10.12 (72)
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 19,000
| 13 July 1946
{{end box}}


===Round 13===
In 1920-1927, [[Charles Drummond Ellis]] (along with [[James Chadwick]] and colleagues) established clearly that the beta decay spectrum is really continuous, ending all controversies.
{{start box}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Nor}}
| 6.11 (47)
| '''{{AFL Ric}}'''
| '''11.9 (75)'''
| [[Arden Street Oval]]
| 10,000
| 20 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Foo}}
| 5.11 (41)
| '''{{AFL StK}}'''
| '''6.10 (46)'''
| [[Western Oval]]
| 10,000
| 20 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Haw}}'''
| '''15.22 (112)'''
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 11.15 (81)
| [[Glenferrie Oval]]
| 5,000
| 20 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL SM}}
| 9.13 (67)
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''10.8 (68)'''
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 23,000
| 20 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Fit}}
| 8.8 (56)
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''8.13 (61)'''
| [[Brunswick Street Oval]]
| 15,000
| 20 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| '''10.12 (72)'''
| {{AFL Car}}
| 7.13 (55)
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 26,000
| 20 July 1946
{{end box}}


===Round 14===
In a famous letter written in 1930 [[Wolfgang Pauli]] suggested that in addition to electrons and protons atoms also contained an extremely light neutral particle which he called the neutron. He suggested that this "neutron" was also emitted during beta decay and had simply not yet been observed. In 1931 [[Enrico Fermi]] renamed Pauli's "neutron" to [[neutrino]], and in 1934 Fermi published a very successful [[Fermi's interaction|model of beta decay]] in which neutrinos were produced.
{{start box}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''12.12 (84)'''
| {{AFL SM}}
| 4.7 (31)
| [[Western Oval]]
| 21,000
| 27 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''17.19 (121)'''
| {{AFL Nor}}
| 9.16 (70)
| [[Victoria Park, Melbourne|Victoria Park]]
| 14,000
| 27 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Car}}'''
| '''15.18 (108)'''
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 10.11 (71)
| [[Princes Park Football Ground|Princes Park]]
| 17,000
| 27 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL StK}}
| 9.9 (63)
| '''{{AFL Ric}}'''
| '''16.16 (112)'''
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 12,000
| 27 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Gee}}'''
| '''9.9 (63)'''
| {{AFL Fit}}
| 8.7 (55)
| [[Kardinia Park (Stadium)]]
| 10,000
| 27 July 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| '''9.24 (78)'''
| {{AFL Ess}}
| 10.13 (73)
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 30,000
| 27 July 1946
{{end box}}


==See also==
===Round 15===
{{start box}}
*[[Double beta decay]]
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
*[[Neutrino]]
| '''Home team'''
*[[Alpha decay]]
| '''Home team score'''
*[[Betavoltaics]]
| '''Away team'''
*[[Particle radiation]]
| '''Away team score'''
*[[Radioactive isotope]]
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''21.18 (144)'''
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 12.7 (79)
| [[Windy Hill, Essendon|Windy Hill]]
| 12,000
| 3 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''15.24 (114)'''
| {{AFL StK}}
| 10.9 (69)
| [[Victoria Park, Melbourne|Victoria Park]]
| 12,000
| 3 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL SM}}'''
| '''15.16 (106)'''
| {{AFL Mel}}
| 14.11 (95)
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 22,000
| 3 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Nor}}'''
| '''15.10 (100)'''
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 6.12 (48)
| [[Arden Street Oval]]
| 7,500
| 3 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Ric}}
| 12.21 (93)
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''14.15 (99)'''
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 31,000
| 3 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Fit}}'''
| '''14.10 (94)'''
| {{AFL Car}}
| 11.8 (74)
| [[Brunswick Street Oval]]
| 21,000
| 3 August 1946
{{end box}}


==References==
===Round 16===
{{start box}}
* {{cite journal
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| author = Franz N. D. Kurie, J. R. Richardson, H. C. Paxton
| '''Home team'''
| title = The Radiations Emitted from Artificially Produced Radioactive Substances. I. The Upper Limits and Shapes of the β-Ray Spectra from Several Elements
| '''Home team score'''
| journal = [[Physical Review]]
| '''Away team'''
| volume = 49
| '''Away team score'''
| issue = 5
| '''Venue'''
| month = March
| '''Crowd'''
| year = 1936
| '''Date'''
| pages = 368–381
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.49.368
| {{AFL Haw}}
}}
| 12.15 (87)
* {{cite journal
| '''{{AFL SM}}'''
| author = F. N. D. Kurie
| '''16.14 (110)'''
| title = On the Use of the Kurie Plot
| [[Glenferrie Oval]]
| journal = Physical Review
| 13,000
| volume = 73
| issue = 10
| 10 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| month = May
| year = 1948
| {{AFL Foo}}
| pages = 1207
| 13.13 (91)
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.73.1207
| '''16.16 (112)'''
}}
| [[Western Oval]]
| 23,000
| 10 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL StK}}'''
| '''20.10 (130)'''
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 8.11 (59)
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 6,000
| 10 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Fit}}'''
| '''14.18 (102)'''
| {{AFL Ess}}
| 7.16 (58)
| [[Brunswick Street Oval]]
| 16,000
| 10 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ric}}'''
| '''18.9 (117)'''
| {{AFL Col}}
| 12.15 (87)
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 32,000
| 10 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Nor}}'''
| '''13.9 (87)'''
| {{AFL Car}}
| 10.18 (78)
| [[Arden Street Oval]]
| 16,000
| 10 August 1946
{{end box}}


===Round 17===
{{Nuclear processes}}
{{start box}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 13.11 (89)
| '''{{AFL Ric}}'''
| '''16.11 (107)'''
| [[Kardinia Park (Stadium)]]
| 11,000
| 17 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''18.14 (122)'''
| {{AFL Nor}}
| 4.10 (34)
| [[Windy Hill, Essendon|Windy Hill]]
| 16,000
| 17 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''20.12 (132)'''
| {{AFL Foo}}
| 10.10 (70)
| [[Victoria Park, Melbourne|Victoria Park]]
| 25,000
| 17 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Car}}'''
| '''14.8 (92)'''
| {{AFL StK}}
| 10.17 (77)
| [[Princes Park Football Ground|Princes Park]]
| 13,000
| 17 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| '''18.15 (123)'''
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 13.8 (86)
| [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|MCG]]
| 16,000
| 17 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL SM}}
| 7.16 (58)
| '''{{AFL Fit}}'''
| '''12.15 (87)'''
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 18,000
| 17 August 1946
{{end box}}

===Round 18===
{{start box}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Nor}}
| 11.8 (74)
| '''{{AFL SM}}'''
| '''15.19 (109)'''
| [[Arden Street Oval]]
| 7,000
| 24 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Foo}}'''
| '''23.27 (165)'''
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 8.5 (53)
| [[Western Oval]]
| 12,000
| 24 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Fit}}
| 9.11 (65)
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| '''10.9 (69)'''
| [[Brunswick Street Oval]]
| 19,000
| 24 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Col}}'''
| '''17.26 (128)'''
| {{AFL Gee}}
| 7.11 (53)
| [[Victoria Park, Melbourne|Victoria Park]]
| 11,000
| 24 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL StK}}
| 11.9 (75)
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''16.20 (116)'''
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 9,000
| 24 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ric}}'''
| '''16.29 (125)'''
| {{AFL Car}}
| 13.15 (93)
| [[Punt Road Oval]]
| 38,000
| 24 August 1946
{{end box}}

===Round 19===
{{start box}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF"
| '''Home team'''
| '''Home team score'''
| '''Away team'''
| '''Away team score'''
| '''Venue'''
| '''Crowd'''
| '''Date'''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Mel}}'''
| '''17.11 (113)'''
| {{AFL Nor}}
| 11.10 (76)
| [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|MCG]]
| 19,000
| 31 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Ess}}'''
| '''16.18 (114)'''
| {{AFL Ric}}
| 18.5 (113)
| [[Windy Hill, Essendon|Windy Hill]]
| 23,000
| 31 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Car}}'''
| '''15.11 (101)'''
| {{AFL Col}}
| 14.12 (96)
| [[Princes Park Football Ground|Princes Park]]
| 27,000
| 31 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL SM}}'''
| '''14.10 (94)'''
| {{AFL StK}}
| 6.13 (49)
| [[Junction Oval]]
| 10,000
| 31 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| '''{{AFL Gee}}'''
| '''17.18 (120)'''
| {{AFL Foo}}
| 12.5 (77)
| [[Kardinia Park (Stadium)]]
| 12,000
| 31 August 1946
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| {{AFL Haw}}
| 9.15 (69)
| '''{{AFL Fit}}'''
| '''12.22 (94)'''
| [[Glenferrie Oval]]
| 6,000
| 31 August 1946
{{end box}}

==Grand Final==
{{Main|1946 VFL Grand Final}}
[[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]] defeated [[Melbourne Football Club|Melbourne]] 22.18 (150) to 13.9 (87), in front of a crowd of 72,743 people. (For an explanation of scoring see [[Australian rules football]]).

===Grand Final Teams===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
!Melbourne
!
|-
|Backs
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|-
|H/Backs
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|-
|Centre Line
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|-
|H/Forwards
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|-
|Forwards
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|-
|Rucks/Rover
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|-
|Reserves
|align=center| —
|align=center| —
|align=center|
|-
|}
::Melbourne Coach: [[Frank 'Checker' Hughes|Frank "Checker" Hughes]]

{| class="wikitable"
!
!
!Essendon
!
|-
|Backs
|align=center|[[Les Gardiner (footballer)|Les Gardiner]]
|align=center|[[Cec Ruddell]]
|align=center|[[Perc Bushby]]
|-
|H/Backs
|align=center|[[Herbie Tonkes]]
|align=center|[[Wally Buttsworth]]
|align=center|[[Harold Lambert (footballer)|Harold Lambert]]
|-
|Centre Line
|align=center|[[George Hassell (footballer)|George Hassell]]
|align=center|[[Bill Pearson (footballer)|Bill Pearson]]
|align=center|[[Albert Harper]]
|-
|H/Forwards
|align=center|[[Harry Equid]]
|align=center|[[Gordon Lane]]
|align=center|[[Dick Reynolds]] (c)
|-
|Forwards
|align=center|[[Bob McClure (footballer)|Bob McClure]]
|align=center|[[Bill Brittingham]]
|align=center|[[Keith Rawle]]
|-
|Rucks/Rover
|align=center|[[Gordon Abbott]]
|align=center|[[Jack Cassin]]
|align=center|[[Bill Hutchison (footballer)|Bill Hutchison]]
|-
|Reserves
|align=center|[[Jack Jones (footballer)|Jack Jones]]
|align=center|[[Chris Lambert (footballer)|Chris Lambert]]
|align=center|
|-
|}
::Essendon Captain-Coach: [[Dick Reynolds]]

Umpire - ?

==Ladder==

{| class="wikitable"
|
!Team
!Won
!Lost
!Draw
!For
!Against
!%
!Points
|-
!1
|[[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]]
|align=center|15
|align=center|4
|align=center|0
|align=center|1980
|align=center|1407
|align=center|140.7
|align=center|60
|-
!2
|[[Collingwood Football Club|Collingwood]]
|align=center|13
|align=center|6
|align=center|0
|align=center|1849
|align=center|1477
|align=center|125.2
|align=center|52
|-
!3
|[[Western Bulldogs|Footscray]]
|align=center|13
|align=center|6
|align=center|0
|align=center|1917
|align=center|1628
|align=center|117.8
|align=center|52
|-
!4
|[[Melbourne Football Club|Melbourne]]
|align=center|13
|align=center|6
|align=center|0
|align=center|1700
|align=center|1622
|align=center|104.8
|align=center|52
|-
|colspan=9 height=4px|
|-
!5
|[[Richmond Football Club|Richmond]]
|align=center|11
|align=center|8
|align=center|0
|align=center|1921
|align=center|1659
|align=center|115.8
|align=center|44
|-
!6
|[[Carlton Football Club|Carlton]]
|align=center|11
|align=center|8
|align=center|0
|align=center|1724
|align=center|1688
|align=center|102.1
|align=center|44
|-
!7
|[[Sydney Swans|South Melbourne]]
|align=center|10
|align=center|9
|align=center|0
|align=center|1627
|align=center|1528
|align=center|106.5
|align=center|40
|-
!8
|[[Fitzroy Football Club|Fitzroy]]
|align=center|9
|align=center|10
|align=center|0
|align=center|1589
|align=center|1339
|align=center|118.7
|align=center|36
|-
!9
|[[North Melbourne Football Club|North Melbourne]]
|align=center|8
|align=center|11
|align=center|0
|align=center|1536
|align=center|1685
|align=center|91.2
|align=center|32
|-
!10
|[[Geelong Football Club|Geelong]]
|align=center|4
|align=center|15
|align=center|0
|align=center|1505
|align=center|2124
|align=center|70.9
|align=center|16
|-
!11
|[[St Kilda Football Club|St Kilda]]
|align=center|4
|align=center|15
|align=center|0
|align=center|1332
|align=center|1902
|align=center|70.0
|align=center|16
|-
!12
|[[Hawthorn Football Club|Hawthorn]]
|align=center|3
|align=center|16
|align=center|0
|align=center|1487
|align=center|2108
|align=center|70.5
|align=center|12
|-
|}

==Awards==
* The 1946 VFL Premiership team was [[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]].
* The VFL's '''leading goalkicker''' was [[Bill Brittingham]] of [[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]] with 66 goals (including 8 goals in the finals series).
** [[Des Fothergill]] of [[Collingwood Football Club|Collingwood]] kicked 63 goals in the home-and-away season — thus, if there had been such a thing as a [[Coleman Medal]] in 1946, he would have won it.
* The winner of the 1946 [[Brownlow Medal]] was [[Don Cordner]] of [[Melbourne Football Club|Melbourne]] with 20 votes.
** Cordner was the first of the only two amateur players ever to win the Brownlow Medal, the second was [[Western Bulldogs|Footscray Football Club's]] [[John Schultz]], also a ruckman, in 1960.
* [[Hawthorn Football Club|Hawthorn]] took the "[[Wooden Spoon (award)|wooden spoon]]" in 1946.

==Notable Events==
* The ANFC rejects a joint proposal from New South Wales and Tasmania to introduce a [[Ejection (sports)|"send off" rule]] for foul play.
* The VFL introduced a second substitute player, known as the '''20th man'''; this meant that a team was now comprised of 18 "run on" players, and two "reserves" on the bench. A player could be substituted for any reason (not just if he was injured and unable to continue). Once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.
** As with the 19th man, the 20th man was only paid a match fee in the event that he took the field.
* The VFL introduces a new '''Under-19''' competition, the teams are referred to as the '''Third Eighteens'''.
* The VFL resumes the [[Brownlow Medal]] award.
* The first half of round 1 is played on Easter Saturday, the second half on Easter Monday.
* In round 1, 33 year old former champion full-forward [[Bob Pratt]] returns to [[Sydney Swans|South Melbourne]] after playing for VFA club [[Coburg Tigers|Coburg]] (1940-1941) and serving in the [[Royal Australian Air Force]] (1942-1945). He kicks two goals before badly injuring a leg. He never plays again.
* In a very windy round 8 match, [[North Melbourne Football Club|North Melbourne]] beat [[Melbourne Football Club|Melbourne]] 9.2 (56) to 3.9 (27) despite not scoring at all in either the first or the third quarter of the match.
* From ninth position on the ladder at the end of round 8, [[Melbourne Football Club|Melbourne]] win 13 of their next 14 matches and play in the Grand Final.
* At half time in the closely contested Grand Final, a straighter-kicking [[Melbourne Football Club|Melbourne]] 10.4 (64) was three points in front of [[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]] 9.7 (61); in the third quarter Essendon kicked 11.8 (74) to Melbourne's 1.1. (7).

==References==
* Maplestone, M., ''Flying Higher: History of the Essendon Football Club 1872-1996'', Essendon Football Club, (Melbourne), 1996. ISBN 0-959-17402-8
* Rogers, S. & Brown, A., ''Every Game Ever Played: VFL/AFL Results 1897-1997 (Sixth Edition)'', Viking Books, (Ringwood), 1998. ISBN 0-670-90809-6
* Ross, J. (ed), ''100 Years of Australian Football 1897-1996: The Complete Story of the AFL, All the Big Stories, All the Great Pictures, All the Champions, Every AFL Season Reported'', Viking, (Ringwood), 1996. ISBN 0-670-86814-0


==External links==
<!--Categories-->
* [http://stats.rleague.com/afl/seas/1946.html 1946 Season - AFL Tables]
[[Category:Radioactivity]]


{{VFL/AFL_seasons}}
<!--Interwiki-->


[[Category:Australian Football League seasons|1946]]
[[ast:Emisión beta]]
[[Category:1946 in Australia|VFL]]
[[ca:Emissió beta]]
[[Category:1946 in sports|VFL]]
[[da:Betahenfald]]
[[de:Betastrahlung]]
[[et:Beetalagunemine]]
[[el:Διάσπαση βήτα]]
[[es:Desintegración beta]]
[[fa:واپاشی بتا]]
[[fr:Radioactivité β]]
[[ko:베타 붕괴]]
[[id:Peluruhan beta]]
[[is:Betasundrun]]
[[it:Decadimento beta]]
[[he:קרינת בטא]]
[[kk:Бета-ыдырау]]
[[lt:Beta skilimas]]
[[hu:Béta-bomlás]]
[[nl:Betaverval]]
[[ja:ベータ崩壊]]
[[no:Betahenfall]]
[[pl:Rozpad beta]]
[[pt:Emissão beta]]
[[ru:Бета-распад]]
[[sk:Beta rozpad]]
[[sl:Razpad beta]]
[[fi:Beetahajoaminen]]
[[sv:Betasönderfall]]
[[ta:பீட்டா சிதைவு]]
[[tr:Beta çözünmesi]]
[[ur:بیٹا تنزل]]
[[zh:Β衰变]]

Revision as of 03:31, 11 October 2008

Template:Infobox Victorian Football League season Results and statistics for the Victorian Football League season of 1946.

Premiership season

In 1946, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.

Teams played each other in a home-and-away season of 19 rounds; matches 12 to 19 were the "home-and-way reverse" of matches 1 to 8.

The determination of the 1946 season's fixtures were complicated by the fact that both the Melbourne Cricket Ground and the Lake Oval were still unavailable and, because of this, Melbourne shared the Punt Road Oval with Richmond as their home ground, and South Melbourne shared the Junction Oval with St Kilda as their home ground. Melbourne resumed using the Melbourne Cricket Ground as its home ground in round 17.

Once the 19 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1946 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the "Page-McIntyre system".

Round 1

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Fitzroy 12.11 (83) Richmond 12.15 (87) Brunswick Street Oval 32,000 20 April 1946
Melbourne 20.17 (137) Geelong 12.19 (91) Punt Road Oval 18,000 20 April 1946
Footscray 15.10 (100) Essendon 14.14 (98) Western Oval 26,000 20 April 1946
North Melbourne 19.23 (137) St Kilda 12.6 (78) Arden Street Oval 11,000 22 April 1946
Hawthorn 7.19 (61) Collingwood 18.16 (124) Glenferrie Oval 19,000 22 April 1946
South Melbourne 16.13 (109) Carlton 18.9 (117) Junction Oval 38,000 22 April 1946

Round 2

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Geelong 15.14 (104) Hawthorn 9.19 (73) Kardinia Park (Stadium) 7,500 27 April 1946
Essendon 10.11 (71) South Melbourne 8.5 (53) Windy Hill 16,000 27 April 1946
Collingwood 10.14 (74) Fitzroy 8.10 (58) Victoria Park 22,000 27 April 1946
Carlton 9.12 (66) Melbourne 10.12 (72) Princes Park 21,000 27 April 1946
Richmond 15.15 (105) North Melbourne 19.19 (133) Punt Road Oval 23,000 27 April 1946
St Kilda 11.3 (69) Footscray 16.21 (117) Junction Oval 14,000 27 April 1946

Round 3

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Richmond 16.14 (110) St Kilda 6.15 (51) Punt Road Oval 17,000 5 May 1946
Fitzroy 20.19 (139) Geelong 9.9 (63) Brunswick Street Oval 12,000 5 May 1946
Essendon 21.15 (141) Melbourne 12.13 (85) Windy Hill 17,000 5 May 1946
South Melbourne 12.14 (86) Footscray 14.18 (102) Junction Oval 25,000 5 May 1946
North Melbourne 10.14 (74) Collingwood 12.12 (84) Arden Street Oval 30,000 5 May 1946
Hawthorn 15.11 (101) Carlton 19.17 (131) Glenferrie Oval 16,000 5 May 1946

Round 4

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Melbourne 12.15 (87) South Melbourne 11.8 (74) Punt Road Oval 18,000 11 May 1946
Geelong 11.18 (84) North Melbourne 19.12 (126) Kardinia Park (Stadium) 11,500 11 May 1946
Footscray 19.19 (133) Richmond 17.10 (112) Western Oval 27,000 11 May 1946
Carlton 6.16 (52) Fitzroy 16.18 (114) Princes Park 30,000 11 May 1946
Hawthorn 8.6 (54) Essendon 24.13 (157) Glenferrie Oval 10,000 11 May 1946
St Kilda 13.7 (85) Collingwood 14.20 (104) Junction Oval 15,000 11 May 1946

Round 5

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Geelong 11.8 (74) St Kilda 13.17 (95) Kardinia Park (Stadium) 9,000 18 May 1946
Essendon 11.13 (79) Fitzroy 4.15 (39) Windy Hill 17,000 18 May 1946
Collingwood 2.16 (28) Richmond 14.10 (94) Victoria Park 24,000 18 May 1946
Carlton 11.15 (81) North Melbourne 9.11 (65) Princes Park 19,000 18 May 1946
South Melbourne 11.21 (87) Hawthorn 6.17 (53) Junction Oval 10,000 18 May 1946
Melbourne 12.13 (85) Footscray 22.14 (146) Punt Road Oval 18,000 18 May 1946

Round 6

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Hawthorn 16.10 (106) Melbourne 13.13 (91) Glenferrie Oval 8,000 25 May 1946
Fitzroy 7.21 (63) South Melbourne 10.12 (72) Brunswick Street Oval 18,000 25 May 1946
Richmond 21.23 (149) Geelong 13.9 (87) Punt Road Oval 15,000 25 May 1946
North Melbourne 5.13 (43) Essendon 11.17 (83) Arden Street Oval 18,000 25 May 1946
Footscray 10.12 (72) Collingwood 9.15 (69) Western Oval 29,000 25 May 1946
St Kilda 10.12 (72) Carlton 22.17 (149) Junction Oval 19,000 25 May 1946

Round 7

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Essendon 20.20 (140) St Kilda 7.16 (58) Windy Hill 11,000 1 June 1946
Carlton 15.13 (103) Richmond 11.10 (76) Princes Park 42,000 1 June 1946
South Melbourne 10.16 (76) North Melbourne 10.10 (70) Junction Oval 17,000 1 June 1946
Hawthorn 13.12 (90) Footscray 14.15 (99) Glenferrie Oval 13,000 1 June 1946
Melbourne 5.11 (41) Fitzroy 14.13 (97) Punt Road Oval 12,000 1 June 1946
Geelong 10.8 (68) Collingwood 20.12 (132) Kardinia Park (Stadium) 10,000 1 June 1946

Round 8

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Fitzroy 14.14 (98) Hawthorn 9.10 (64) Brunswick Street Oval 12,000 8 June 1946
North Melbourne 9.2 (56) Melbourne 3.9 (27) Arden Street Oval 8,000 8 June 1946
Richmond 10.10 (70) Essendon 15.17 (107) Punt Road Oval 38,000 8 June 1946
St Kilda 7.5 (47) South Melbourne 15.22 (112) Junction Oval 17,000 10 June 1946
Footscray 16.22 (118) Geelong 7.13 (55) Western Oval 15,000 10 June 1946
Collingwood 16.16 (112) Carlton 7.14 (56) Victoria Park 40,000 10 June 1946

Round 9

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Melbourne 14.12 (96) St Kilda 8.9 (57) Punt Road Oval 11,000 15 June 1946
Footscray 16.10 (106) Fitzroy 15.9 (99) Western Oval 22,000 15 June 1946
Essendon 16.22 (118) Collingwood 11.10 (76) Windy Hill 32,000 15 June 1946
Hawthorn 17.20 (122) North Melbourne 14.13 (97) Glenferrie Oval 14,000 17 June 1946
Carlton 18.20 (128) Geelong 13.11 (89) Princes Park 17,000 17 June 1946
South Melbourne 18.16 (124) Richmond 15.20 (110) Junction Oval 38,000 17 June 1946

Round 10

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Collingwood 18.17 (125) South Melbourne 12.12 (84) Victoria Park 26,000 22 June 1946
Carlton 12.20 (92) Footscray 13.10 (88) Princes Park 39,000 22 June 1946
Richmond 9.16 (70) Melbourne 13.8 (86) Punt Road Oval 18,000 22 June 1946
St Kilda 10.24 (84) Hawthorn 9.12 (66) Junction Oval 8,000 22 June 1946
North Melbourne 15.8 (98) Fitzroy 13.10 (88) Arden Street Oval 12,000 22 June 1946
Geelong 18.18 (126) Essendon 12.15 (87) Kardinia Park (Stadium) 11,500 22 June 1946

Round 11

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Hawthorn 9.6 (60) Richmond 14.14 (98) Glenferrie Oval 11,000 6 July 1946
Footscray 18.9 (117) North Melbourne 9.12 (66) Western Oval 18,000 6 July 1946
Fitzroy 12.14 (86) St Kilda 7.11 (53) Brunswick Street Oval 7,000 6 July 1946
South Melbourne 12.19 (91) Geelong 7.12 (54) Junction Oval 9,000 6 July 1946
Melbourne 13.13 (91) Collingwood 10.9 (69) Punt Road Oval 17,000 6 July 1946
Essendon 12.12 (84) Carlton 9.9 (63) Windy Hill 29,000 6 July 1946

Round 12

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Geelong 15.7 (97) Melbourne 21.14 (140) Kardinia Park (Stadium) 11,500 13 July 1946
Essendon 16.24 (120) Footscray 14.8 (92) Windy Hill 29,000 13 July 1946
Collingwood 15.23 (113) Hawthorn 11.14 (80) Victoria Park 11,000 13 July 1946
Carlton 12.13 (85) South Melbourne 11.18 (84) Princes Park 26,000 13 July 1946
St Kilda 10.14 (74) North Melbourne 12.11 (83) Junction Oval 7,000 13 July 1946
Richmond 14.14 (98) Fitzroy 10.12 (72) Punt Road Oval 19,000 13 July 1946

Round 13

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
North Melbourne 6.11 (47) Richmond 11.9 (75) Arden Street Oval 10,000 20 July 1946
Footscray 5.11 (41) St Kilda 6.10 (46) Western Oval 10,000 20 July 1946
Hawthorn 15.22 (112) Geelong 11.15 (81) Glenferrie Oval 5,000 20 July 1946
South Melbourne 9.13 (67) Essendon 10.8 (68) Junction Oval 23,000 20 July 1946
Fitzroy 8.8 (56) Collingwood 8.13 (61) Brunswick Street Oval 15,000 20 July 1946
Melbourne 10.12 (72) Carlton 7.13 (55) Punt Road Oval 26,000 20 July 1946

Round 14

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Footscray 12.12 (84) South Melbourne 4.7 (31) Western Oval 21,000 27 July 1946
Collingwood 17.19 (121) North Melbourne 9.16 (70) Victoria Park 14,000 27 July 1946
Carlton 15.18 (108) Hawthorn 10.11 (71) Princes Park 17,000 27 July 1946
St Kilda 9.9 (63) Richmond 16.16 (112) Junction Oval 12,000 27 July 1946
Geelong 9.9 (63) Fitzroy 8.7 (55) Kardinia Park (Stadium) 10,000 27 July 1946
Melbourne 9.24 (78) Essendon 10.13 (73) Punt Road Oval 30,000 27 July 1946

Round 15

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Essendon 21.18 (144) Hawthorn 12.7 (79) Windy Hill 12,000 3 August 1946
Collingwood 15.24 (114) St Kilda 10.9 (69) Victoria Park 12,000 3 August 1946
South Melbourne 15.16 (106) Melbourne 14.11 (95) Junction Oval 22,000 3 August 1946
North Melbourne 15.10 (100) Geelong 6.12 (48) Arden Street Oval 7,500 3 August 1946
Richmond 12.21 (93) Footscray 14.15 (99) Punt Road Oval 31,000 3 August 1946
Fitzroy 14.10 (94) Carlton 11.8 (74) Brunswick Street Oval 21,000 3 August 1946

Round 16

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Hawthorn 12.15 (87) South Melbourne 16.14 (110) Glenferrie Oval 13,000 10 August 1946
Footscray 13.13 (91) Melbourne 16.16 (112) Western Oval 23,000 10 August 1946
St Kilda 20.10 (130) Geelong 8.11 (59) Junction Oval 6,000 10 August 1946
Fitzroy 14.18 (102) Essendon 7.16 (58) Brunswick Street Oval 16,000 10 August 1946
Richmond 18.9 (117) Collingwood 12.15 (87) Punt Road Oval 32,000 10 August 1946
North Melbourne 13.9 (87) Carlton 10.18 (78) Arden Street Oval 16,000 10 August 1946

Round 17

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Geelong 13.11 (89) Richmond 16.11 (107) Kardinia Park (Stadium) 11,000 17 August 1946
Essendon 18.14 (122) North Melbourne 4.10 (34) Windy Hill 16,000 17 August 1946
Collingwood 20.12 (132) Footscray 10.10 (70) Victoria Park 25,000 17 August 1946
Carlton 14.8 (92) St Kilda 10.17 (77) Princes Park 13,000 17 August 1946
Melbourne 18.15 (123) Hawthorn 13.8 (86) MCG 16,000 17 August 1946
South Melbourne 7.16 (58) Fitzroy 12.15 (87) Junction Oval 18,000 17 August 1946

Round 18

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
North Melbourne 11.8 (74) South Melbourne 15.19 (109) Arden Street Oval 7,000 24 August 1946
Footscray 23.27 (165) Hawthorn 8.5 (53) Western Oval 12,000 24 August 1946
Fitzroy 9.11 (65) Melbourne 10.9 (69) Brunswick Street Oval 19,000 24 August 1946
Collingwood 17.26 (128) Geelong 7.11 (53) Victoria Park 11,000 24 August 1946
St Kilda 11.9 (75) Essendon 16.20 (116) Junction Oval 9,000 24 August 1946
Richmond 16.29 (125) Carlton 13.15 (93) Punt Road Oval 38,000 24 August 1946

Round 19

Home team Home team score Away team Away team score Venue Crowd Date
Melbourne 17.11 (113) North Melbourne 11.10 (76) MCG 19,000 31 August 1946
Essendon 16.18 (114) Richmond 18.5 (113) Windy Hill 23,000 31 August 1946
Carlton 15.11 (101) Collingwood 14.12 (96) Princes Park 27,000 31 August 1946
South Melbourne 14.10 (94) St Kilda 6.13 (49) Junction Oval 10,000 31 August 1946
Geelong 17.18 (120) Footscray 12.5 (77) Kardinia Park (Stadium) 12,000 31 August 1946
Hawthorn 9.15 (69) Fitzroy 12.22 (94) Glenferrie Oval 6,000 31 August 1946

Grand Final

Main article: 1946 VFL Grand Final

Essendon defeated Melbourne 22.18 (150) to 13.9 (87), in front of a crowd of 72,743 people. (For an explanation of scoring see Australian rules football).

Grand Final Teams

Melbourne
Backs — — —
H/Backs — — —
Centre Line — — —
H/Forwards — — —
Forwards — — —
Rucks/Rover — — —
Reserves — —
Melbourne Coach: Frank "Checker" Hughes
Essendon
Backs Les Gardiner Cec Ruddell Perc Bushby
H/Backs Herbie Tonkes Wally Buttsworth Harold Lambert
Centre Line George Hassell Bill Pearson Albert Harper
H/Forwards Harry Equid Gordon Lane Dick Reynolds (c)
Forwards Bob McClure Bill Brittingham Keith Rawle
Rucks/Rover Gordon Abbott Jack Cassin Bill Hutchison
Reserves Jack Jones Chris Lambert
Essendon Captain-Coach: Dick Reynolds

Umpire - ?

Ladder

Team Won Lost Draw For Against % Points
1 Essendon 15 4 0 1980 1407 140.7 60
2 Collingwood 13 6 0 1849 1477 125.2 52
3 Footscray 13 6 0 1917 1628 117.8 52
4 Melbourne 13 6 0 1700 1622 104.8 52
5 Richmond 11 8 0 1921 1659 115.8 44
6 Carlton 11 8 0 1724 1688 102.1 44
7 South Melbourne 10 9 0 1627 1528 106.5 40
8 Fitzroy 9 10 0 1589 1339 118.7 36
9 North Melbourne 8 11 0 1536 1685 91.2 32
10 Geelong 4 15 0 1505 2124 70.9 16
11 St Kilda 4 15 0 1332 1902 70.0 16
12 Hawthorn 3 16 0 1487 2108 70.5 12

Awards

Notable Events

  • The ANFC rejects a joint proposal from New South Wales and Tasmania to introduce a "send off" rule for foul play.
  • The VFL introduced a second substitute player, known as the 20th man; this meant that a team was now comprised of 18 "run on" players, and two "reserves" on the bench. A player could be substituted for any reason (not just if he was injured and unable to continue). Once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.
    • As with the 19th man, the 20th man was only paid a match fee in the event that he took the field.
  • The VFL introduces a new Under-19 competition, the teams are referred to as the Third Eighteens.
  • The VFL resumes the Brownlow Medal award.
  • The first half of round 1 is played on Easter Saturday, the second half on Easter Monday.
  • In round 1, 33 year old former champion full-forward Bob Pratt returns to South Melbourne after playing for VFA club Coburg (1940-1941) and serving in the Royal Australian Air Force (1942-1945). He kicks two goals before badly injuring a leg. He never plays again.
  • In a very windy round 8 match, North Melbourne beat Melbourne 9.2 (56) to 3.9 (27) despite not scoring at all in either the first or the third quarter of the match.
  • From ninth position on the ladder at the end of round 8, Melbourne win 13 of their next 14 matches and play in the Grand Final.
  • At half time in the closely contested Grand Final, a straighter-kicking Melbourne 10.4 (64) was three points in front of Essendon 9.7 (61); in the third quarter Essendon kicked 11.8 (74) to Melbourne's 1.1. (7).

References

  • Maplestone, M., Flying Higher: History of the Essendon Football Club 1872-1996, Essendon Football Club, (Melbourne), 1996. ISBN 0-959-17402-8
  • Rogers, S. & Brown, A., Every Game Ever Played: VFL/AFL Results 1897-1997 (Sixth Edition), Viking Books, (Ringwood), 1998. ISBN 0-670-90809-6
  • Ross, J. (ed), 100 Years of Australian Football 1897-1996: The Complete Story of the AFL, All the Big Stories, All the Great Pictures, All the Champions, Every AFL Season Reported, Viking, (Ringwood), 1996. ISBN 0-670-86814-0

External links

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