War on terror and Acid2: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Website
{{POV|date=April 2008}}
|name = Acid2
{{otheruses4|the U.S.-led campaign against the spread of terrorism|a general article on terrorism|Terrorism}}
|logo =
{{Infobox Military Conflict
|screenshot = [[Image:Acid2 reference.png]]
| conflict=War on Terrorism
|caption = This is the reference image for Acid2. In the real test, the nose becomes blue while the cursor is hovering over it.
| image= [[Image:US 10th Mountain Division soldiers in Afghanistan.jpg|300px|]]
|url = [http://acid2.acidtests.org/ acid2.acidtests.org]
| caption=[[U.S. Army|U.S. Soldiers]] boarding a [[CH-47 Chinook]] helicopter in Afghanistan during [[Operation Anaconda]] in the [[Shahi-Kot Valley]] and Arma Mountains southeast of Zormat.
|commercial =
|date=[[October 7]] [[2001]]<ref name="WH 10-07-01">{{cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011007-8.html |title=Presidential Address to the Nation, October 7, 2001 |accessdate=2008-04-14 |format= |work=whitehouse.gov }}</ref> -''present''
|type = [[Web standards]] test
| place=[[Middle East]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Horn of Africa]], [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Europe]], [[War on Terrorism - Theaters of operation|more...]]
|language =
| casus=[[September 11, 2001 attacks]]
|registration =
| result=''Conflict ongoing''
|owner = The [[Web Standards Project]]
|combatant1={{flagcountry|United States}}<ref name="globalsec-deploy">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/enduring-freedom_deploy.htm |title=Operation Enduring Freedom - Deployments |accessdate=2008-04-14 |format= |work=globalsecurity.org }}</ref><br>{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}<br>[[Image:MultinationalForce-IraqDUI.svg|22px]] [[Multinational force in Iraq]]<br>[[Operation Enduring Freedom - Afghanistan: Allies|Operation Enduring Freedom Allies]]<br>[[Image:ISAF-Logo.svg|22px]] [[International Security Assistance Force]]<br>
|author = [[Ian Hickson]]
|combatant2=[[Image:Flag of Jihad.svg|22px]] [[al-Qaeda]]<br>[[Image:Flag of Jihad.svg|22px]] [[Fatah al-Islam]]<br> [[Image:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|22px]] [[al Qaeda in Iraq]]<br> {{flagicon|Afghanistan|Taliban}} [[Taliban]]<br>[[Image:Flag of the ICU.svg|22x20px]] [[Islamic Courts Union]]<small><ref>{{cite web | last =Pham | first =J. Peter | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Somalia May Save the War on Terrorism | work = | publisher =Accuracy in Media | date =[[January 19]], [[2007]] | url =http://www.aim.org/guest-column/somalia-may-save-the-war-on-terrorism/ | format = | doi = | accessdate =2008-04-14 }}</ref></small><br>[[Image:Flag of Jihad.svg|22px]] [[Jemaah Islamiyah]]<br> [[Image:Flag of Jihad.svg|22px]] [[Abu Sayyaf]]<ref>http://www.bloggernews.net/113178</ref><br>[[Image:Flag of Jihad.svg|22px]] [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]]<ref>http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/moro.cfm</ref><br>[[Image:Flag of Jihad.svg|22px]] [[Muslim Brotherhood]]
|launch date = April 12, 2005
|commander1={{Flagicon|United States}} Gen. [[Tommy Franks]] {{Small|(CENTCOM commander 2000 – 2003)}},<br>{{flagicon|United States}} Gen. [[John Abizaid]] {{Small|(CENTCOM commander 2003 – 2007)}},<br>{{flagicon|United States}} Adm. [[William J. Fallon]] {{Small|(CENTCOM commander 2007 – 2008)}},<br>{{flagicon|United States}} Ltg. [[Martin Dempsey]] {{Small|(acting CENTCOM commander)}}, <br> {{Flagicon|United States}}Gen. [[David Petraeus]] {{small|(incoming CENTCOM commander)}}.<br>{{Flagicon|United Kingdom }} Adm. [[Michael Boyce, Baron Boyce|Sir Michael Boyce]] {{small|(Chief of the Defence Staff 2001 – 2003)}},<br>{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} Gen. [[Michael Walker, Baron Walker of Aldringham|Sir Michael Walker]] {{small|(Chief of the Defence Staff 2003 – 2006)}}, <br>{{Flagicon|United Kingdom }} ACM [[Jock Stirrup|Sir Jock Stirrup]] {{small|(Chief of the Defence Staff 2006 – }}<br>
|current status =
|commander2=[[Image:Flag of Jihad.svg|20px]] [[Osama bin Laden]]<br>{{flagicon|Afghanistan|Taliban}} [[Mohammed Omar]]<br>
|revenue =
|casualties1='''Military casualties'''<br>~28,450 dead <!-- This is a rough addition of casualties from all components of the WoT added together. Rounded to nearest 500. --> <br>~51,600+ Injured <!-- This is a rough addition of casualties from all components of the WoT added together. Rounded to nearest 500. --> <br>[[War on Terrorism casualties|More...]]
|slogan =
|casualties2='''Military casualties'''<br>~54,114 to 58,864+ dead <!-- This is a rough addition of casualties from all components of the WoT added together. Rounded to nearest 500. --> <br>[[War on Terrorism casualties|More...]]
}}
|casualties3='''Civilian casualties'''<!-- Too much statistical uncertainty for more precise statement than it is in the six figures --> <br>[[War on Terrorism casualties|Exact number unclear]]. }}
{{Campaignbox War on Terror}}
The '''War on Terrorism''' (also known as the '''War on Terror''') is the common term for the military, political and legal , and ideological conflict, and specifically for U.S. operations in response to the [[September 11 attacks]].


'''Acid2''' is a test page published and promoted by the [[Web Standards Project]] to identify [[web page]] [[rendering (computer graphics)|rendering]] flaws in [[web browser]]s and other applications that render [[HTML]]. It was developed in the spirit of [[Acid1]], a relatively narrow test of compliance with the [[Cascading Style Sheets]] (CSS) standard, and was released on April 12, 2005. Like Acid1, the way a web browser renders the test is compared to a reference rendering. If the two match, the browser is considered to pass the test.
The objectives of the 2001 War on Terrorism are to secure the American Homeland, break up terror cells within the country, and disrupt the activities of the international network of terrorist organizations made up of a number of terrorist groups under the umbrella of [[al-Qaeda]].<ref name="WH 10-07-01"/><ref name="USG">{{cite web |url=http://www.fbi.gov/terrorinfo/counterrorism/waronterrorhome.htm |title= Counterterrorism and Terrorism |accessdate=2008-04-14 |format= |work=Federal Bureau of Investigation }}</ref>


Acid2 tests aspects of HTML markup, CSS styling, [[Portable Network Graphics|PNG]] images, and [[data URI]]s. It should render correctly on any application that follows the [[World Wide Web Consortium]] and [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] specifications for these technologies. The idea is that if both web sites and web browsers follow agreed-upon industry [[standard]]s, then any web site will work the same in any web browser.
On September 19, 2008, the ''[[RAND]]'' Corporation presented the results of a comprehensive study for "Defeating Terrorist Groups" before the United States House Armed Services Committees. RAND's testimony began with the thesis statement "the United States cannot continue conducting an effective counter-terrorism campaign against al Qa’ida without understanding how terrorist groups end." Their conclusions included strong proposals for strategic policy changes. "[The U.S. military] should generally resist being drawn into combat operations in Muslim countries where its presence is likely to increase terrorist recruitment." and recommended, "ending the notion of a 'war' on terrorism" and "Moving away from military references would indicate that there was no battlefield solution to countering terrorism." In conclusion the RAND study advised: "By far the most effective strategy against religious groups has been the use of local police and intelligence services, which were responsible for the end of 73 percent of [terrorist] groups since 1968."<ref name="RAND: Defeating Terrorist Groups, by Seth G. Jones">http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT314/</ref>


On October 31, 2005, [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] 2.0.2 became the first browser to pass the test. [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]], [[Konqueror]], [[Firefox]], and others followed. The only major browser that does not yet pass the test is [[Internet Explorer]], although an Acid2-compliant version of the browser is in development.
==War on Terrorism==
{{see also|Terrorism|List of terrorist incidents}}
{{terrorism}}
[[Image:War on terror attack map.svg|thumb|250px|left|Countries in which [[Islamist]] [[international terrorism|terrorist attacks]] have occurred on or after September 11, 2001.]]
Terrorist organizations -- chiefly [[al-Qaeda]] -- carried out attacks on the U.S. and its allies throughout the last few years of the twentieth century. The [[1993 World Trade Center bombing]] by Al-Qaida was the first of many terrorist attacks upon Americans during this period. Later that year in the [[Battle of Mogadishu (1993)]], Al-Qaida militants took part in an assault upon US forces in [[Somalia]], killing 19 Marines. President Clinton subsequently withdrew US combat forces from Somalia (there originally to support UN relief efforts), a move described by Al-Qaida leader [[Osama bin Laden]] as evidence of American weakness. These attacks were followed by others including the 1996 [[Khobar Towers bombing]] in Saudi Arabia, and the [[1998 United States embassy bombings]] in Tanzania and Kenya. Also in 1998 came the [[World Islamic Front]] declaration of 23 February 1998, entitled "Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders", which described the actions of Americans as conflicting with "Allah's order", and stated the Front's "ruling to kill the Americans and their allies—civilians and military—is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it." Led by [[Osama bin Laden]], Al-Qaida had by now formed a large base of operations in [[Afghanistan]] which had been ruled by the Islamic extremist regime of the [[Taliban]] since 1996.


== Name ==
Following the [[1998 United States embassy bombings|1998 embassy bombings]] in [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Report of the Accountability Review Boards |publisher=U.S. Department of State |date=1998-08-07 |url=http://www.state.gov/www/regions/africa/board_introduction.html}}</ref> [[President of the United States|President]] [[Bill Clinton]] launched [[Operation Infinite Reach]], a bombing campaign in [[Sudan]] and [[Afghanistan]] against targets associated with [[al-Qaeda]].<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. strikes terrorist targets in Afghanistan, Sudan |publisher=CNN |date=1998-08-20 |url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9808/20/clinton.02/index.html?eref=sitesearch}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. retaliates for Africa bombings |publisher=CNN |date=08.20.98 |url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9808/20/clinton.01/index.html?eref=sitesearch}}</ref> The strikes failed to kill al-Qaeda'a leaders or their Taliban supporters (targets included a civilian pharmaceutical plant in Sudan that produced 90% of the region's malaria drugs). Next came the [[2000 millennium attack plots]] which included an attempted bombing of Los Angeles International Airport. In October of 2000 the [[USS Cole bombing]] occurred,<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. sailors killed in attack on Navy vessel in Yemen |publisher=CNN |date=2000-10-12 |
Acid2 is a short for "Acid test #2". During the [[California Gold Rush|the gold rush]] of the 1850s, an [[acid test (gold)|acid test]] was a test designed to testify weather a given (excavated or found) metal is indeed [[gold]].
url=http://www.cnn.com/2000/US/10/12/ship.rammed.03/index.html?eref=sitesearch}}</ref> followed by the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks]].<ref>{{cite news|title=What proof of bin Laden's involvement |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=2001-09-13 |url=http://cnn.com/2001/US/09/13/binladen.evidence/index.html?eref=sitesearch}}</ref> The attacks of 9/11 created an immediate demand throughout the United States for a decisive response, leading to an invasion of Afghanistan dubbed [[Operation Enduring Freedom]] which removed the Taliban from power and ended al-Qaeda's use of the country as a terrorist base.


Acid test was "the" test of the time, since it was decisive, immediate, cheap and extremely simple to perform. An analogy is drawn from this historical test to the modern test - if a browser passes the acid test it is approved, very much in the same manner that if a metal passes the acid test it is accepted.
In 2001 the United Nations Security Council adopted [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373|resolution 1373]] which obliges all States to criminalize assistance for terrorist activities, deny financial support and safe haven to terrorists and share information about groups planning terrorist attacks. In 2005 the Security Council also adopted resolution 1624 concerning incitement to commit acts of terrorism and the obligations of countries to comply with international human rights laws<ref>[http://www.un.org/sc/ctc/ U.N. Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee]</ref>. Although both resolutions require mandatory annual reports on counter terrorism activities by adopting nations the [[United States]] and [[Israel]] have both declined to submit reports.


==History==
===Historical usage of phrase===
[[Image:Ian Hickson at CSS Working Group Meeting Day Three.jpeg|thumb|left|150px|[[Ian Hickson]], the author of the test]]


Acid2 is the brainchild of [[Håkon Wium Lie]], chief technical officer of [[Opera Software]] and creator of the widely-used [[Cascading Style Sheets]] [[web standard]].<ref>{{cite web
The phrase "War on Terrorism" was first widely used by the Western [[news|press]] to refer to the attempts by Russian and European governments, and eventually the U.S. government, to stop attacks by [[anarchist]]s against international political leaders. (See, for example, ''New York Times'', [[April 2]] [[1881]].) Many of the anarchists described themselves as "terrorists," and the term had a positive valence for them at the time. When Russian Marxist [[Vera Zasulich]] shot and wounded a Russian police commander who was known to torture suspects on [[24 January]] [[1878]], for example, she threw down her weapon without killing him, announcing, "I am a terrorist, not a killer."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu/ap0801/terror.htm#n16|title=The Four Waves of Rebel Terror and September 11|date=Summer 2004|publisher=Department of Political Science
|url=http://www.root.cz/texty/hakon-wium-lie-css-was-created-to-save-html/
[[University of California at Los Angeles]]|accessdate= 2006-08-09}}</ref>
|title=Håkon Wium Lie: CSS was created to save HTML
|last=Hassman
|first=Martin
|date=2008-05-12
|accessdate=2008-07-27
}}</ref> Together with a colleague, [[Ian Hickson]], he created the first draft of Acid2 in February 2005.<ref name="Hickson">{{cite web
|url=http://ln.hixie.ch/?start=1137799947&count=1
|title=People who don't realise that they're wrong
|last=Hickson
|first=Ian
|work=Hixie's Natural Log
|date=2006-01-20
|accessdate=2008-04-01
}}</ref> Acid2 was first publicly announced on March 16, 2005 in a [[CNET]] article where Lie challenged [[Microsoft]] to design [[Internet Explorer 7]], then in development, to pass the test.<ref name="Lie">{{cite web
|url=http://news.cnet.com/The-Acid2-challenge-to-Microsoft/2010-1032_3-5618723.html
|title=The Acid2 challenge to Microsoft
|author=Lie, Håkon Wium
|authorlink=Håkon Wium Lie
|publisher=[[CNET Networks]]
|date=2005-03-16
|accessdate=2008-01-12
}}</ref>


Ian Hickson coded the actual test in collaboration with the [[Web Standards Project]] and the larger web community.<ref name="Lie"/><ref>{{cite web
The next time the phrase gained currency was when it was used to describe the efforts by the British colonial government to end a spate of Jewish attacks in the [[British Mandate of Palestine]] in the late 1940s. The British proclaimed a "War on Terrorism" and attempted to crack down on [[Irgun]], [[Lehi (group)|Lehi]], and anyone perceived to be cooperating with them. The Jewish attacks, Arab attacks and revolts, and the subsequent British crackdown hastened the British evacuation from Palestine. The phrase was also used frequently by U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite news|title=War on Terrorism |publisher=Aljazeera.Com |date=2003-01-01 |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/me.asp?service_ID=10248}}</ref>
|url=http://www.webstandards.org/about/members/hixie/
|title=Ian Hickson
|publisher=The [[Web Standards Project]]
|accessdate=2008-03-25
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.webstandards.org/about/members/bhenick/
|title=Ben Henick
|publisher=The [[Web Standards Project]]
|accessdate=2008-04-02
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.webstandards.org/about/members/dbaron/
|title=David Baron
|publisher=The [[Web Standards Project]]
|accessdate=2008-04-02
}}</ref> It was officially released on April 13, 2005<ref>{{cite press release
|url=http://www.webstandards.org/press/releases/20050413/
|title=Acid2: Putting Browser Makers on Notice
|publisher=The [[Web Standards Project]]
|date=2005-04-13
|accessdate=2008-04-01
}}</ref> and at that time, every web browser failed it spectacularly.<ref name="Hyatt">{{cite web
|url=http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/hyatt/archives/2005_04.html#007932
|title=The Acid2 Test
|last=Hyatt
|first=Dave
|work=Surfin' Safari
|publisher=[[MozillaZine]]
|date=2005-04-12
|accessdate=2008-04-01
}}</ref>


In July 2005, Chris Wilson, the Internet Explorer Platform Architect responded by calling Acid2 a "wish list" of features and said that while the test was important to Microsoft, Acid2 compliance was not a priority for Internet Explorer 7.<ref>{{cite web
On September 20th, 2001, during an address to a joint session of congress and the American people, President George W. Bush formally declared war on terror when he said, "Our war on terror begins with al Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped and defeated."
|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2005/07/29/445242.aspx
|title=Standards and CSS in IE
|last=Wilson
|first=Chris
|work=IEBlog
|publisher=[[Microsoft]]
|date=2005-07-29
|accessdate=2008-03-11
}}</ref> Microsoft later joined other browser makers and Internet Explorer&nbsp;8 is expected to pass the test.<ref name="Hachamovitch">{{cite web
|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2007/12/19/internet-explorer-8-and-acid2-a-milestone.aspx
|title=Internet Explorer 8 and Acid2: A Milestone
|last=Hachamovitch
|first=Dean
|work=IEBlog
|publisher=[[Microsoft]]
|date=2007-12-19
|accessdate=2008-03-09
}}</ref>


[[Image:Original Acid2 smiley.png|thumb|150px|The smiley face of the first version of Acid2. Note that due to problems in this version of the test, the mouth is too close to the nose and the text "ERROR" appears.]]
===Operative definition in U.S. foreign policy===
[[Image:NOAA photo of WTC Lower Manhattan.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The [[World Trade Center]], one of three sites on which the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] took place.]]


On April 23, 2005, Acid2 was updated to fix a bug that made the mouth appear too close to the nose.<ref>{{cite web
The United States has defined terrorism under the Federal Criminal Code. Chapter 113B of Part I of Title 18 of the Code defines terrorism and lists the crimes associated with it.<ref>CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/18/parts/i/chapters/113b/toc.html]</ref>
|url=http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/hyatt/archives/2005_04.html#008011
In Section 2331 of Chapter 113b, terrorism is defined as:
|title=Acid2: Version 1.1 Posted
:"...activities that involve violent... <or life-threatening acts>... that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State and... appear to be intended (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and ...<if domestic>...(C) occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States...<if international>...(C) occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States..."
|work=Surfin' Safari
With respect to defining his policy known as the War on Terror, President Bush has stated that:
|last=Hyatt
:"...today's war on terror is like the Cold War. It is an ideological struggle with an enemy that despises freedom and pursues totalitarian aims....I vowed then that I would use all assets of our power of Shock and Awe to win the war on terror. And so I said we were going to stay on the offense two ways: one, hunt down the enemy and bring them to justice, and take threats seriously; and two, spread freedom."<ref>Remarks by President Bush on the Global War on Terror[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/wh/rem/64287.htm]</ref>
|first=Dave
|publsher=[[MozillaZine]]
|date=2005-04-23
|accessdate=2007-12-24
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/hyatt/archives/2005_04.html#007977
|title=Acid2: Lopping Off the Sideburns
|work=Surfin' Safari
|last=Hyatt
|first=Dave
|publsher=[[MozillaZine]]
|date=2005-04-20
|accessdate=2008-05-14
}}</ref> After several complaints, the test was again updated in January 2006 to remove a test for unpopular [[SGML]]-style comments that were never widely implemented.<ref name="Hickson"/>


In March 2008, Ian Hickon released [[Acid3]] as a follow-up to Acid2. While Acid2 primarily tests CSS, Acid3 focuses more on [[JavaScript]] and other "[[Web 2.0]]" technologies.<ref>{{cite web
=== British objections to the phrase "war on terrorism"===
|url=http://www.webstandards.org/action/acid3/
The [[Director of Public Prosecutions]] and head of the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], [[Ken Macdonald|Ken McDonald]] — [[UK|Britain]]'s most senior criminal prosecutor — has stated that those responsible for acts of terror such as the [[7 July 2005 London bombings]] are not "soldiers" in a war, but "inadequates" who should be dealt with by the [[criminal justice system]]. He added that a "culture of legislative restraint" was needed in passing anti-terrorism laws, and that a "primary purpose" of the violent attacks was to tempt countries such as Britain to "abandon our values." He stated that in the eyes of the UK criminal justice system, the response to terrorism had to be "[[Proportionality (law)|proportionate]], and grounded in due process and the rule of law":
|title=Acid3 Browser Test
:"[[London]] is not a battlefield. Those innocents who were murdered...were not victims of war. And the men who killed them were not, as in their vanity they claimed on their ludicrous videos, 'soldiers'. They were deluded, narcissistic inadequates. They were criminals. They were [[fantasy|fantasists]]. We need to be very clear about this. On the streets of London there is no such thing as a war on terror. The fight against terrorism on the streets of Britain is not a war. It is the prevention of crime, the enforcement of our laws, and the winning of justice for those damaged by their infringement."<ref>''There is no war on terror in the UK, says DPP'', [[The Times]], January 24, 2007, p.12, [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2-2563401,00.html]</ref>
|publisher=The [[Web Standards Project]]
|accessdate=2008-08-15
}}</ref>


==Overview of standards tested==
==Stated U.S. objectives and strategies==
Acid2 tests a variety of [[web standards]] published by the [[World Wide Web Consortium]] and the [[Internet Engineering Task Force]]. All web standards tested were codified before the year 2000.<ref>{{cite press release
The Bush Administration has defined the following objectives in the War on Terrorism: <ref>NATIONAL
|url=http://www.w3.org/Press/PNG-PR.en.html
STRATEGY FOR COMBATING TERRORISM[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/02/counter_terrorism/counter_terrorism_strategy.pdf]</ref>
|title=World Wide Web Consortium Issues First Recommendation for PNG
|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]
|date=1996-10-07
|accessdate=2008-08-12
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/
|title=Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2
|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]
|date=1998-05-12
|accessdate=2008-08-12
}}</ref><ref name="RFC 2397">{{cite web
|url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2397
|title=RFC 2397 - The "data" URL scheme
|publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]]
|month=August
|year=1998
|accessdate=2008-08-12
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/
|title=HTML 4.01 Specification
|date=1999-12-24
|accessdate=2008-08-11
}}</ref> Specifically, Acid2 tests:<ref name="The Guided Tour">{{cite web
|url=http://www.webstandards.org/action/acid2/guide/
|title=Acid2: The Guided Tour
|publisher=The Web Standards Project
|accessdate=2007-12-24
}}</ref>


* '''[[Alpha transparency]] in [[Portable Network Graphics|PNG]]-format images:''' The eyes of the smiley face use ''alpha transparency'' which is part of the 1996 Portable Network Graphics specification. The alpha transparency provides an elegant way to have the eyebrows smoothly blend into the face. This was a significant issue because [[Internet Explorer 6]], the most widely used web browser at the time Acid2 was released,<ref>{{cite web
# Defeat terrorists and their organizations.
|url=http://www.thecounter.com/stats/2005/April/browser.php
# Identify, locate and destroy terrorists along with their organizations.
|title=Browser Stats
# Deny sponsorship, support and sanctuary to terrorists.
|publisher=TheCounter.com
## End the state sponsorship of terrorism.
|month=April
## Establish and maintain an international standard of accountability with regard to combating terrorism.
|year=2005
## Strengthen and sustain the international effort to fight terrorism.
|accessdate=2008-08-23
## Working with willing and able states.
}}</ref> did not support alpha transparency. This deficiency was rectified in [[Internet Explorer 7]], bringing Internet Explorer in line with other web browsers in this regard.<ref>{{cite web
## Enabling weak states.
|url=http://www.howtocreate.co.uk/alpha.html
## Persuading reluctant states.
|title=Making IE use PNG Alpha transparency
## Compelling unwilling states.
|author=Wilton-Jones, Mark "Tarquin"
## Interdict and disrupt material support for terrorists.
|accessdate=2008-07-31
## Eliminate terrorist sanctuaries and havens.
}}</ref>
# Diminishing the underlying conditions that terrorists seek to exploit.
## Partner with the international community to strengthen weak states and prevent (re)emergence of terrorism.
## Win the war of ideals.
# Defend U.S. citizens and interests at home and abroad.
## Implement the Nation Strategy for Homeland Security.
## Attain domain awareness.
## Enhance measures to ensure the integrity, reliability, and availability of critical physical and information-based infrastructures at home and abroad.
## Integrate measures to protect U.S. citizens abroad.
## Ensure an integrated incident management capability.


* The '''[[object element]]:''' The eyes also test support of the HTML object element. The object element has been a part of HTML since HTML 4 was released in 1998,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424/
|title=HTML 4.0 Specification
|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]
|date=1998-04-24
|accessdate=2008-07-28
}}</ref> yet by 2005 it still was not completely supported in all web browsers. The creators of Acid2 considered object element support important because it allows for content fallback; in other words, if the specified object fails to load then alternative (generally simpler, more reliable) content can be presented instead.


* '''[[data URI]]s:''' The actual images that form the eyes are encoded as data URIs. Data URIs allow embedding multimedia directly into web pages rather than being stored as a separate file. Acid2 tests the most common case, where a [[Binary file|binary]] image is [[base64]]-encoded into text and then that encoded text is included in a data URI in the web page. Interestingly, although the specification for data URIs was published in 1998,<ref name="RFC 2397"/> it was never formally adopted as a web standard. Nonetheless, the data URI scheme has become a ''de facto'' web standard implemented by most browsers.
== Timeline ==
{{main|Timeline of the War on Terrorism}}


* '''Absolute, relative, and fixed CSS positioning:''' Absolute positioning means that the web developer specifies the exact X and Y coordinates where an element is to be placed into the page. Relative positioning means that the web developer specifies an X and Y offset from the usual position of the element. Fixed positioning means that the element is placed relative to the browser window, and scrolls with the window rather than with the rest of the page.<ref>{{cite web
==Campaigns and theaters of operation==
|url=http://kilianvalkhof.com/2008/css-xhtml/understanding-css-positioning-part-1/
{{main|War on Terrorism - Theaters of operation}}
|title=Understanding CSS Positioning part 1
|last=Valkhof
|first=Kilian
|date=2008-05-05
|accessdate=2008-07-31
}}</ref>


* The '''CSS box model:''' This feature allows specifying dimensions, padding, borders, and margins,<ref>{{cite web
===Africa===
|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/box.html
====Horn of Africa====
|title=Box model
{{main|Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa}}
|work=Cascading Style Sheets, level 2
{{main|War in Somalia (2006–present)}}
|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]
|date=1998-05-12
|accessdate=2007-07-30
}}</ref> and was the focus of the original [[Acid1]] test.<ref name="The Guided Tour"/> Acid2 not only retests margin support but also tests minimum and maximum heights and widths, features new to CSS 2.0.


* '''CSS table formatting:''' This part of CSS allows applying table formatting without traditional [[HTML element#Tables|HTML table markup]].
This extension of Operation Enduring Freedom, titled OEF-HOA, was initiated in response to the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] on the [[United States]]. Unlike other operations contained in [[Operation Enduring Freedom]], OEF-HOA does not have a specific terrorist organization as a target. OEF-HOA instead focuses its efforts to disrupt and detect terrorist activities in the region and to work with host nations to prevent the reemergence of terrorist cells and activities.


* '''CSS generated content:''' Using CSS generated content, web developers can add decorations and annotations to specified elements without having to add the content to each one individually.
In October 2002, the Combined Joint Task Force, Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) was established in [[Djibouti]] at [[Camp Le Monier]]. It contains approximately 2,000 personnel including U.S. military and Special Operations Forces (SOF) and coalition force members, Coalition Task Force 150 (CTF-150). The coalition force members consist of ships from [[Australia]], [[Canada]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Italy]], [[Netherlands]], [[Pakistan]], [[New Zealand]], [[Spain]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. The primary goal of the coalition forces is to monitor, inspect, board and stop suspected shipments from entering the Horn of Africa region and areas of [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]].<ref name=CRS_report>CRS Report for Congress[http://www.senate.gov/member/al/shelby/general/legislation/Terrorism.pdf]</ref> Included in the operation is the training of selected armed forces units of the countries of Djibouti, [[Kenya]] and [[Ethiopia]] in counterterrorism and counterinsurgency tactics. Humanitarian efforts conducted by CJTF-HOA include rebuilding of schools and medical clinics as well as providing medical services to those countries whose forces are being trained. The program expands as part of the Trans-Saharan Counter Terrorism Initiative as CJTF personnel also assist in training the forces of [[Chad]], [[Niger]], [[Mauritania]] and [[Mali]].<ref name=CRS_report/> However, the War on Terror does not include [[Sudan]], where over 400,000 have died due to state-sponsored terrorism.<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/09/21/america/NA_GEN_US_Natsios_Interview.php AP report on Sudan]</ref>


* '''CSS parsing:''' A number of illegal CSS statements are present in Acid2 to test error handling. Standards-compliant browsers are expected to handle these errors as the CSS specification directs. This helps ensure cross-browser compatibility by making all browsers treat CSS with the same level of strictness, so that what works in one browser should not cause errors in another.
On [[July 1]], [[2006]], a Web-posted message purportedly written by [[Osama bin Laden]] urged Somalis to build an Islamic state in the country and warned western states that his [[al-Qaeda]] network would fight against them if they intervened there.<ref name=BIN-LADEN-MESSAGE-IRAQ-SOMALIA>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-07-01-bin-laden-plans-message_x.htm Bin Laden releases Web message on Iraq, Somalia] USA Today</ref>


* '''Paint order:''' Acid2 requires that the browser have standard paint order, that is, overlapping elements should be placed or ''painted'' on top of each other in the correct order.
Somalia has been considered a "failed state" because its official central government was weak, dominated by warlords and unable to exert effective control over the country. Beginning in mid-2006, the [[Islamic Courts Union|Islamic Courts Union (ICU)]], an [[Islamist]] faction campaigning on a restoration of "law and order" through [[Sharia Law]], had rapidly taken control of much of southern Somalia. On [[December 14]], [[2006]], the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State [[Jendayi Frazer]] claimed [[al-Qaeda]] cell operatives were controlling the Islamic Courts Union, a claim denied by the ICU.<ref name=US-SAYS-AL-QAEDA-BEHIND-SOMALI-ISLAMISTS>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L14556061.htm U.S. says al Qaeda behind Somali Islamists] Reuters</ref>


* '''Hovering effects:''' When the user moves their mouse over the smiley face's nose, it turns blue. This is called a hovering effect, and while it has traditionally been used for [[hyperlink]]s, it should work on a wide variety of HTML elements.<ref>{{cite web
By late 2006, the UN-backed [[Transitional Federal Government]] (TFG) of Somalia had seen its power effectively limited to [[Baidoa]], while the [[Islamic Courts Union]] controlled the majority of Southern Somalia, including the capital of [[Mogadishu]]. On December 20, the Islamic Courts Union launched an [[Battle of Baidoa|offensive]] on the government stronghold of Baidoa, and saw early gains before [[Ethiopia]] intervened in favor of the government. By December 26, the Islamic Courts Union went into a "tactical retreat" towards [[Mogadishu]], before again retreating as TFG/Ethiopian troops neared, leading them to take Mogadishu with [[Fall of Mogadishu|no resistance]]. The ICU then fled to Kismayo, where they are currently fighting Ethiopian/TFG forces in the [[Battle of Jilib]]. The Prime Minister of Somalia claims that 3 terror suspects from the [[1998 United States embassy bombings|1998 Embassy Bombings]] are being sheltered in Kismayo. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1980824,00.html] On [[30 December]], [[2006]], al-Qaeda deputy leader [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]] called upon Muslims worldwide to fight against Ethiopia and the TFG in Somalia.<ref name=SOMALI,-ETHIOPIAN-TROOPS-TAKE-ISLAMIST-STRONGHOLD>[http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/africa/01/01/mogadishu.somalia.ap/index.html Somali, Ethiopian troops take Islamist stronghold] CNN</ref>
|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2006/08/22/712830.aspx
|title=Details on our CSS changes for IE7
|last=Mielke
|first=Markus
|work=IEBlog
|publisher=[[Microsoft]]
|date=2006-08-22
|accessdate=2008-07-31
}}</ref>


Because Acid2 is not a comprehensive test, it does not guarantee total conformance with any particular standard. A variant of the Acid2 test that does not test for data URI support is also available from the Web Standards Project.<ref name="The Guided Tour"/>
On January 8, 2007, the U.S. launched a [[Battle of Ras Kamboni|strike]] in Somalia against the suspects using [[AC-130]] gunships.[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,242460,00.html]


==Passing conditions==
===Europe===
A passing score is only considered valid if the browser's default settings were used. Actions such as changing font sizes, zoom level, and applying user stylesheets can break the display of the test. This is expected and is not relevant to a browser's compliance.<ref name="Holzschlag">{{cite web
{{main|Operation Active Endeavour}}
|url=http://www.webstandards.org/2006/07/20/acid2-and-opera-9-clarifications/
Beginning in October 2001, Operation Active Endeavour is a [[Navy|naval operation]] of NATO started in response to the 9/11 attacks. It operates in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and is designed to prevent the movement of terrorists or [[weapons of mass destruction]] as well as to enhance the security of [[shipping]] in general. The operation has also assisted [[Greece]] with the prevention of [[illegal immigration]].
|title=Acid2 and Opera 9 Clarifications: Yes, Opera 9 Passes the Test
|author=Holzschlag, Molly E.
|authorlink=Molly Holzschlag
|publisher=The [[Web Standards Project]]
|date=2006-07-20
|accessdate=2006-07-22
}}</ref>


The following browser settings and user actions invalidate the test:<ref name="Holzschlag"/><ref>{{cite web
===Middle East===
|url=http://weblog.timaltman.com/archive/2006/07/19/tims-opera-bits-v11
====Iraq====
|title=Tim's Opera Bits v1.1
{{main|Iraq War|2003 invasion of Iraq}}
|work=Tim's blog
[[Image:Polish Soldier Iraq3.jpg|thumb|right|250px| A [[Polish Armed Forces|Polish army]] TF Falcon soldier moves up the stairs while clearing a building in the Al Nahda district of Ad Diwaniyah, Iraq]]
|last=Altman
[[Iraq]] had been listed as a [[U.S. list of state sponsors of international terrorism|State Sponsor of Terror]] by the United States since 1990,<ref>{{cite news|title=Iraq accuses U.S., Turkey of 'illegally' meeting with Kurds |publisher=CNN |date=2000-03-09 |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/03/09/un.iraq/index.html}}</ref> and maintained poor relations with the United States since the [[Gulf War]]. The regime of Saddam Hussein in Iraq proved a continuing problem for the UN and Iraq’s neighbors in its refusal to account for previously known stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, its violations of UN resolutions, and its support for terrorism against Israel and other countries. After the 1991 Gulf War, the US, French and British militaries began patrolling the [[Iraqi no-fly zones]] to protect Iraq’s Kurdish minority and Shi’ite Arab population – both of which suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before and after the 1991 Gulf War – in Iraq’s northern and southern regions, respectively.
|first=Tim
|date=2006-07-19
|accessdate=2007-11-15
}}</ref>
* Scrolling
* Resizing the browser window
* Zooming in or out
* Disabling images
* Using [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]]'s ''Fit to width'' or ''Small Screen Rendering'' modes
* Applying custom fonts, colors, styles, etc.
* [[User JavaScript]] or [[Greasemonkey]] scripts


==Compliant applications==
Tensions were high throughout the 1990s, with the [[United States]] launching [[Operation Desert Fox]] against Iraq in 1998 after it failed to meet demands of "unconditional cooperation" in weapons inspections.<ref>{{cite news|title=Clinton: Iraq has abused its final chance |publisher=CNN |date=1998-12-16 |url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1998/12/16/clinton/index.html?eref=sitesearch}}</ref> In the aftermath of Operation Desert Fox during December 1998, Iraq announced that it would no longer respect the no-fly zones and resumed its efforts in shooting down Allied aircraft. Air strikes by the British and Americans against Iraqi anti-aircraft and military targets continued over the next few years. Also in 1998, President Clinton signed the [[Iraq Liberation Act]] which called for regime change in Iraq on the basis of Saddam Hussein’s possession of weapons of mass destruction, oppression of Iraqi citizens and attacks upon other Middle Eastern countries.
[[Image:Safariacid2.png|180px|thumb|right|Acid2 as rendered by compliant applications]]


If rendered correctly, Acid2 will appear as a [[smiley]] face below the text "[[Hello World!]]" in the user's browser, with the nose turning blue when the mouse cursor hovers over it. At the time of the test's release every browser failed it,<ref name="Hyatt"/> but now a number of applications pass the test:
After the September 11 attacks, the U.S. government claimed that Iraq was a threat to the United States because Iraq could begin to use its previously known Weapons of Mass Destruction to aid terrorist groups.


===Officially released===
The [[George W. Bush]] administration called for the United Nations Security Council to send weapons inspectors to Iraq to find and destroy alleged weapons of mass destruction and for a UNSC resolution.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iraq weighs U.N. resolution |publisher=CNN |date=2002-11-09 |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/11/09/iraq.resolution/index.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bush's remarks after U.N. passes Iraq resolution |publisher=CNN |date=2002-11-08 |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/11/08/bush.transcript/}}</ref> [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441|UNSC Resolution 1441]] was passed unanimously, which offered Iraq ''"a final opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations"'' or face "serious consequences." Resolution 1441 did not authorize the use of force by member states, thus Resolution 1441 had no effect on the [[UN Charter]]'s prohibition on the use of force by member states against fellow member states. Saddam Hussein subsequently allowed UN inspectors to access Iraqi sites, while the U.S. government continued to assert that Iraq was being obstructionist. [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/iraq/resolution2_2-24-03.html] In October 2002, a large bipartisan majority in the United States Congress authorized the president to use force if necessary to disarm Iraq in order to ''"prosecute the war on terrorism."''<ref>{{cite news|title=Joint Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq |date=[[2002-10-02]] |publisher=[[White House]] |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021002-2.html}}</ref> After failing to overcome opposition from [[France]], [[Russia]], and [[China]] against a UNSC resolution that would sanction the use of force against Iraq, and before the UN weapons inspectors had completed their inspections which were deemed to be fruitless by the U.S. because of Iraq's alleged deception, the United States assembled a "[[Coalition of the Willing]]" composed of nations who pledged support for regime change in Iraq. On [[March 20]], [[2003]], the [[2003 Invasion of Iraq|invasion]] of Iraq was launched in what the Bush Administration said were the "serious consequences" spoken of in UNSC Resolution 1441.
* [[WebKit]]- and [[KHTML]]-based browsers
** [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]], the web browser included in [[Mac OS X]] and available for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
** [[OmniWeb]], a web browser for Mac OS X
** [[Shiira]], a web browser for Mac OS X
** [[iCab]], a web browser for Mac OS X
** [[Konqueror]], a web browser for [[KDE]]
* [[Prince XML|Prince]], an XML-to-PDF converter for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], Mac OS X and [[Linux]]
* [[Presto (layout engine)|Presto]]-based browsers
** [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]], an internet suite for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and [[BSD]]
** The [[Internet Channel]], a version of the Opera browser for the Nintendo [[Wii]] game console.
* [[Gecko (layout engine)|Gecko]]-based browsers
** [[Mozilla Firefox 3]], a web browser for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux


===In development===
[[Saddam Hussein]]'s regime was quickly toppled and on [[May 1]], [[2003]], [[George W. Bush]] stated that major combat operations in Iraq had ended.<ref>http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/05/20030501-15.html</ref> However, an [[Iraqi Insurgency|insurgency]] arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. Elements of the insurgency were led by fugitive members of Saddam's [[Ba'ath]] regime, who included Iraqi nationalists and pan-Arabists. Most insurgency leaders are violent [[Islamists]] and claim to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Arab [[Islamic Caliphate]] of centuries past.<ref>http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101040705-658290,00.html</ref>
* [[Tkhtml|Tkhtml Html Viewer 3]], a web browser for Windows and Linux
* [[Internet Explorer 8]]
* [[WebKit]]- and [[KHTML]]-based browsers
** [[Arora (web browser)|Arora]]
** [[Epiphany_(web_browser)|Epiphany]]
** [[Google Chrome]] for Windows
* [[Gecko (layout engine)|Gecko]]-based applications
** [[Camino]] 2.0, a web browser for Mac OS X
** [[Fennec_Browser|Fennec]], a web browser for mobile devices
** [[Instantbird]] 0.1.1, an instant messenger for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux
** [[K-Meleon]], a web browser for Windows
** [[Mozilla Prism]], a web application platform for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux
** [[Mozilla Thunderbird]] 3, an email client for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux
** [[Mozilla Sunbird]] 1.0, a calendar application for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux
** [[SeaMonkey]] 2, an internet suite for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux
** [[Songbird (software)|Songbird]] 0.7, a media player and web browser for Windows, Mac OS X
** [[Spicebird]] 0.7, a personal information manager for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux


==Non-compliant applications==
After months of brutal violence against Iraqi civilians by Sunni and Shi’ite terrorist groups and militias -- including [[Al-Qaeda in Iraq]] –- in January 2007 President Bush presented a new strategy for [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]] based upon [[Counter-insurgency]] theories and tactics developed by General [[David Petraeus]]. The [[Iraq War troop surge of 2007]] was part of this "new way forward" and has been credited with a dramatic decrease in violence by up to 80% and an increase in political and communal reconciliation in Iraq.
In July 2005, Chris Wilson, the Internet Explorer Platform Architect, stated that passing Acid2 was not a priority for [[Internet Explorer 7]], describing the test as a "wish list" of features rather than a true test of standards compliance.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2005/07/29/445242.aspx
|title=Standards and CSS in IE
|last=Wilson
|first=Chris
|work=IEBlog
|publisher=[[Microsoft]]
|date=2005-07-29
|accessdate=2008-03-11
}}</ref> In December 2007, Microsoft announced that all the changes required to pass Acid2 would be made available in Internet Explorer 8, but that the changes would not be turned on by default, meaning that IE8 would not actually pass the test.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://channel9.msdn.com/posts/Charles/IE-8-On-the-Path-to-Web-Standards-Compliance-ACID-2-Test-Pass-Complete/
|title=IE 8: On the Path to Web Standards Compliance - ACID 2 Test Pass Complete
|author=Charles
|publisher=[[Microsoft]]
|date=2007-12-19
|accessdate=2008-08-30
}} About 19 minutes and 15 seconds through the video, Alex Mogilevsky, a member of the IE team, points at a picture of the Acid2 test improperly rendered and states "The video in the bottom is a IE7 version of smiley face...What you're looking at is actually IE8. It is what it looks currently in IE8 and it will look exactly like this when we ship IE8 because we are not breaking any compatibility, and this is a compatible mode of IE8. And, uh, most of the web relies on particular behavior including particular ''incorrect'' behavior, so the incorrect behavior will still be there unless the new content ''wants'' IE to be in standards-compliant mode, and then they will ask us, and then we will show perfectly standard picture."</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://people.opera.com/howcome/2007/msft/acid2.html
|title=Acid2 in IE8!
|author=Lie, Håkon Wium
|publisher=[[Opera Software]]
|date=2007-12-20
|accessdate=2008-08-30
}}</ref> Then in March 2008 Microsoft released IE8 beta 1 and turned on the changes by default after all,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2008/03/03/microsoft-s-interoperability-principles-and-ie8.aspx
|title=Microsoft's Interoperability Principles and IE8
|last=Hachamovitch
|first=Dean
|work=IEBlog
|publisher=[[Microsoft]]
|date=2008-03-03
|accessdate=2008-08-30
}}</ref> but another unresolved standards compliance issue prevented it from passing in some cases.<ref name="ieblog20080305">{{cite web
|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2008/03/05/why-isn-t-ie8-passing-acid2.aspx
|title=Why Isn't IE8 Passing Acid2?
|publisher=[[Microsoft]]
|first=Phil
|last=Nachreiner
|date=2008-03-05
|accessdate=2008-03-11
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/struct/objects.html#h-13.3.1
|title=Objects, Images, and Applets: Rules for rendering objects
|work=HTML 4.01 Specification
|publisher=[[W3C]]
|date=1999-12-24
|accessdate=2008-03-20
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2008Mar/0018.html
|title=Re: MSIE 8 beta 1 clarification needed
|last=Hickson
|first=Ian
|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]
|date=2008-03-14
|accessdate=2008-05-05
}}</ref> Microsoft released IE8 beta 2 in August 2008, which resolved the issue, however in IE8 beta 2 standards mode is not turned on by default for pages loaded in the "[[Intranet]] Zone". This zone is active for pages loaded via [[Path (computing)#Uniform Naming Convention|UNC Paths]], named addresses without dots (eg. <nowiki>http://mysite/</nowiki>) and sites that bypass the [[Proxy server|proxy]] settings.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/174360
|title=How to use security zones in Internet Explorer
|Work=Microsoft Knowledge Base
|publisher=[[Microsoft]]
|date=2007-12-18
|accessdate=2008-08-31
}}</ref>
As such, IE8 will not pass the Acid2 test if loaded in these cases.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2008/08/27/introducing-compatibility-view.aspx
|title=Introducing Compatibility View
|last=Dickens
|first=Scott
|work=IEBlog
|publisher=[[Microsoft]]
|date=2008-08-27
|accessdate=2008-08-30
}}</ref>


Even though [[Opera Mini]] is based on the same rendering engine as [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] for [[personal computer]]s, it does not pass the Acid2 test.<ref>{{cite web
====Lebanon====
|url=http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2007/06/opera-mini-4-beta
{{main|2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict}}
|title=Opera Mini 4 beta out
In July 2006, following the killing of three Israeli soldiers and the taking prisoner of two more by [[Hezbollah]], [[Israel]] invaded southern [[Lebanon]], intent on the destruction of Hezbollah. The conflict lasted over a month and caused the deaths of between 845<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060818/NEWS06/608180438/-1/ZONES01 | title=
|last=Bersvendsen
Lebanese army greeted in south | publisher=Indianapolis Star | author=Lauren Frayer |date=[[2006-08-18]]}}</ref> and 1300<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.independent.co.uk/world/fisk/article1219684.ece | title= Robert Fisk: Lebanon's pain grows by the hour as death toll hits 1,300 | publisher=The Independent | author=Robert Fisk |date=[[2006-08-17]]}}</ref> Lebanese and 163 Israelis (119 military and 44 civilian) and wounding thousands more Israelis and Lebanese.<ref> {{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/08/14/mideast.main/index.html | title= Refugees stream back to southern Lebanon | publisher=CNN | author= Ben Wedeman | coauthors=Brent Sadler |date=[[2006-08-14]]}}</ref> Both the Lebanese government (including Hezbollah) and the Israeli government have agreed to the terms of the [[UN Security Council Resolution 1701|ceasefire agreement]] created by the United Nations that began at 0500 on [[August 14]], [[2006]]. While the conflict is associated with the longer running [[Arab-Israeli conflict]], prior to the declaration of the ceasefire, Israel stated it was fighting a war against terror,<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel needs int'l support for war against terror: DM |publisher=People's Daily Online |date=[[August 10]], [[2006]] |url=http://english.people.com.cn/200608/10/eng20060810_291519.html}} "Israeli Defense Minister Amir Peretz said Wednesday morning that Israel is fighting a war of the free world against terror"</ref> the U.S. government stated the conflict was also a front in the "War on Terror"<ref>{{cite news|title=Lebanon part of 'war on terror', says Bush |publisher=ABC News |date=[[July 30]], [[2006]] |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200607/s1700569.htm}}</ref> and President Bush reiterated it in a speech the day the ceasefire came into effect.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/08/14/bush/index.html|title= Bush: 'Hezbollah suffered a defeat' | publisher=CNN |date=[[2006-08-14]]}}</ref>
|first=Arve
|month=June
|year=2007
|accessdate=2007-12-22
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.operamini.com/demo/
|title=Opera Mini Simulator
|publisher=[[Opera Software]]
|accessdate=2007-12-22
}}</ref> This is because Opera Mini intentionally reformats web pages to try and make them more suitable for devices with small screens.<ref name="Holzschlag"/><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.operamini.com/features/
|title=Opera Mini Features
|publisher=[[Opera Software]]
|accessdate=2007-12-21
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://simonwillison.net/2006/May/11/operamini/#c33322
|title=c33322
|author=Wilton-Jones, Mark "Tarquin"
|publisher=Simon Willison
|date=2006-06-10
|accessdate=2008-05-10
}}</ref>


As of September 2008, approximately 78% of the Web browser market share does not pass the Acid2 test.<ref>{{cite web
{{main|2007 Lebanon conflict}}
|url=http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=2
In 2007 a conflict began in northern Lebanon after fighting broke out between [[Fatah al-Islam]], an [[Islamism|Islamist]] [[List of designated terrorist organizations|militant organization]], and the [[Lebanese Armed Forces]] on [[May 20]], [[2007]] in [[Nahr al-Bared]], a [[Palestinian]] [[List of Palestinian refugee camps|refugee camp]] near [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]]. The conflict evolved mostly around the Siege of Nahr el-Bared, but minor clashes had also occurred in the [[Ain al-Hilweh]] refugee camp in southern Lebanon and several terrorist bombings took place in and around Lebanon's capital [[Beirut]]. The terrorist group has been described as a militant [[jihadist]]<ref name="Figaro_20070416">Le Figaro (April 16, 2007). [http://www.lefigaro.fr/english/20070416.WWW000000477_fatah_al_islam_the_new_terrorist_threat_hanging_over_lebanon.html "Fatah Al-Islam: the new terrorist threat hanging over Lebanon"]. Retrieved May 20, 2007.</ref> movement that draws inspiration from [[al-Qaeda]].<ref name="Figaro_20070416" /> The U.S. provided military aid to Lebanon during the conflict. On [[September 7]], [[2007]] Lebanese Forces captured the camp and then declared victory.
|title=Browser Version Market Share
|publisher=Net Applications
|month=August
|year=2008
|accessdate=2008-08-01
}}</ref>


<gallery widths="150px" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-align:center">
{{main|2008 fighting in Lebanon}}
Image:Ieacid2.png|[[Internet Explorer 6]]
In May 2008, [[Lebanon]]'s [[2006–2007 Lebanese political protests|17-month long political crisis]] spiralled out of control. The unrest saw fighters from [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] movements [[Hezbollah]] and [[Amal Movement|Amal]] opposing pro-government gunmen, including fighters loyal to the [[Sunni]] [[Future Movement Party]], in several areas of the capital. The government was U.S.-backed while the Shiite militants were armed and financed by Syria and Iran. The fighting led to the fall of Beirut and the eastern Aley area to opposition forces.
Image:Ie7acid2.png|[[Internet Explorer 7]]
Image:Acid2 NS72.png|[[Mozilla Firefox]] 1.0, [[Mozilla Application Suite|Mozilla]] 1.7.13, and [[Netscape (web browser)|Netscape]] 7.2
Image:Firefoxacid2.png|[[Mozilla Firefox]] 1.5 and 2.0
Image:Opera 8.0 Acid2.png|[[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] 8.0
Image:Opera 8.54 Acid2.png|[[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] 8.54
Image:Konqueror 3.4.1 Acid2.png|[[Konqueror]] 3.4
Image:Acid2 in Opera Mini 4.png|[[Opera Mini]] 4
Image:Acid2iPod.png|[[iPod touch]] 2.0
Image:Netsurf-1.2-acid2.png|[[NetSurf]] 1.2
</gallery>


==Timeline of passing applications==
====Saudi Arabia====
The following is a list of releases noting significant releases of applications that passed the test. New applications that have passed Acid2 since their first official release are not included in the timeline.
{{main|Insurgency in Saudi Arabia}}


{|class="wikitable"
[[Image:Riyadhbomb.jpg|thumb|right|250px|One of the Riyadh compounds bombing.]]
!style="width:18ex"|Date
!style="width:18ex"|Browser
!style="width:18ex"|Availability
!Notes
|-
|27 April 2005
|[[Safari (web browser)|Safari]]
|style="background-color:#ff8a80"|private build<ref>{{cite web |url=http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/hyatt/archives/2005_04.html#008042 |title=Safari Passes the Acid2 Test (Updated) |last=Hyatt |first=Dave |date=2005-04-27 |accessdate=2006-06-14}}</ref>
|
|-
|18 May 2005
|[[iCab]]
|style="background-color:#ff8a80"|private build<ref name="Much">{{cite web |url=http://www.snailshell.de/blog/archives/2005/11/entry_22.html |title=Acid2 - the truth about Safari, iCab and Konqueror |last=Much |first=Thomas |work=Thomas Much's Weblog |date=2005-11-05 |accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref>
|This build was made available to registered iCab users on May 20, 2005.
|-
|4 June 2005
|[[Konqueror]]
|style="background-color:#ff8a80"|private build<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kdedevelopers.org/node/1129 |title=Konqueror now passes Acid2 |author=carewolf |work=carewolf's blog |publisher=KDE Developer's Journals |date=2005-06-04 |accessdate=2006-05-16}}</ref>
|
|-
|6 June 2005
|[[iCab]]
|style="background-color:#ffee00"|public build<ref name="Much"/>
|This version of iCab displays a scrollbar on the viewport. Although some state that a correctly rendered test should not have a scrollbar,<ref>{{cite web
|title=Overflow:HTMLParser the 'Overflow' Property
|work=W3C CSS working draft
|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium
|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visufx.html#overflow
|accessdate=2006-05-15
}}</ref> that feature is not part of the test, and merely a way to prevent the user from scrolling.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snailshell.de/blog/archives/2006/04/entry_45.html |title=Opera and Acid2 - and iCab? |last=Much |first=Thomas |work=Thomas Much's Weblog |date=2006-04-27 |accessdate=2008-04-13}}</ref>
|-
|7 June 2005
|[[Safari (web browser)|Safari]]
|style="background-color:#ffaa00"|source code available<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dot.kde.org/1118138374/ |title=Apple Opens WebKit CVS and Bug Database |last=Molkentin |first=Daniel |publisher=KDE.News |date=2005-06-07 |accessdate=2008-05-03}}</ref>
|[[WebKit]], the underpinnings of Safari, was made open source on June 7, 2005. When Safari was run with this latest version of WebKit, it passed the Acid2 test.
|-
|31 October 2005
|[[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] 2.0.2
|style="background-color:#44ff22"|official release<ref>{{cite web |url=http://webkit.org/blog/32/webkit-fixes-in-safari-202-mac-os-x-1043/ |title=WebKit Fixes in Safari 2.0.2 / Mac OS X 10.4.3 |last=Stachowiak |first=Maciej |work=Surfin' Safari |date=2005-11-01 |accessdate=2008-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.versiontracker.com/dyn/moreinfo/macosx/17743&vid=252114 |title=Apple Safari 2.0.2 software download |publisher=VersionTracker |accessdate=2008-05-03}}</ref>
|Included in [[Mac OS X]] 10.4.3. First officially released web browser to pass test.
|-HTMLParser
|29 November 2005
|[[Konqueror]] 3.5
|style="background-color:#44ff22"|official release<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kde.org/announcements/announce-3.5.php |title=K Desktop Environment 3.5 Released |date=2005-11-29 |accessdate=2006-05-16}}</ref>
|First [[Linux]]-compatible browser to pass the test, except for hiding the scrollbar.
|-
|7 December 2005
|[[Prince XML|Prince]] 5.1
|style="background-color:#44ff22"|official release<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.princexml.com/samples/acid2/ |title=The Acid2 Test |accessdate=2006-05-16}}</ref>
|First non-web browser to pass test.
|-
|10 March 2006
|[[Opera (web browser)|Opera]]
|style="background-color:#ffee00"|public weekly build<ref>{{cite web |url=http://weblog.timaltman.com/archive/2006/03/10/acid2-rows-4-and-5-aka-opera-passes-acid2-test |title=Acid2 - Rows 4 and 5 AKA Opera passes the Acid2 test! |work=Tim's blog |date=2006-03-10 |accessdate=2006-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://my.opera.com/desktopteam/blog/show.dml/172375 |title=…and one more weekly! |last=Santambrogio |first=Claudio |date=2006-03-10 |accessdate=2008-05-10}}</ref>
|First [[Microsoft Windows]]-compatible browser to pass the test and also the first [[Linux]]-compatible browser to fully pass the test. A public beta was released on April 20, also successful.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.opera.com/pressreleases/en/2006/04/20/ |title=Widgets, BitTorrent, content blocking: Introducing Opera 9 Beta |publisher=[[Opera Software]] |date=2006-04-20 |accessdate=2008-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/windows/900b1/ |title=Changelog for Opera 9.0 Beta 1 for Windows |publisher=[[Opera Software]] |date=2006-04-20 |accessdate=2008-05-10}}</ref>
|-
|28 March 2006
|[[Konqueror]] 3.5.2
|style="background-color:#44ff22"|official release<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kde.org/announcements/announce-3.5.2.php |title=KDE 3.5.2 Release Announcement |year=2006-03-28 |accessdate=2006-05-16}}</ref>
|Although previous releases passed, their compliance was questioned because they showed scrollbars. This version did not show the scrollbars.
|-HTMLParser
|12 April 2006
|[[Mozilla Firefox]]
|style="background-color:#ffee00"|public nightly build<ref>{{cite web |url=http://diary.braniecki.net/2006/04/12/meet-mr-face/ |title=Meet Mr. Face |date=2006-04-12 |accessdate=2006-05-16 |work=Stream of Thoughts |first=Zbigniew |last=Braniecki}}</ref>
|The "reflow branch" nightly builds, whose code was branched from the Gecko 1.9/Firefox 3.0 trunk and was merged back into the trunk on December 8, 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/bz/archives/017302.html |title=Reflow branch landed |work=Three Monkeys, Three Typewriters, Two Days |author=bzbarsky |date=2006-12-08 |accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref>
|-
|24 May 2006
|[[Opera Mobile]] for [[Symbian OS]]
|style="background-color:#ff8a80"|private build<ref>{{cite web |url=http://my.opera.com/spz/blog/show.dml/268384 |title=Opera for Symbian passes Acid2 |last=Nevstad |first=Magnus |work=The Digital Void of SPZ |publisher=[[Opera Software]] |accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref>
|First mobile browser to pass test.
|-
|20 July 2006
|[[OmniWeb]] 5.5 beta 1
|style="background-color:#ffee00"|public build<ref name="OmniWeb Historical Release Notes">{{cite web |url=http://www.omnigroup.com/applications/omniweb/releasenotes/ |title=Historical Release Notes |publisher=The Omni Group |date=2008-04-09 |accessdate=2008-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://forums.omnigroup.com/archive/index.php/t-425.html |title=Acid2 Passes! |author=Handycam |publisher=The Omni Group |date=2006-05-08 |accessdate=2008-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://macintalk.com/index.php?id=136 |title=Fourth Mac OS X browser test |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060717122922/http://macintalk.com/index.php?id=136 |last=Lengyel |first=Andras |work=Macintalk |date=2006-07-11 |archivedate=2006-07-17 |accessdate=2008-08-24}}</ref>
|OmniWeb switches its rendering engine to [[WebKit]], the same rendering engine used in [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] which already passed the Acid2 test
|-
|20 June 2006
|[[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] 9.0
|style="background-color:#44ff22"|official release<ref>{{cite web |url=http://my.opera.com/welcome%20to%209/blog/show.dml/306342 |title=Welcome to Opera 9.0 |last=Ford |first=Thomas |publisher=[[Opera Software]] |date=2006-06-20 |accessdate=2006-06-20}}</ref>
|
|-
|4 July 2006
|[[Obigo Browser]]
|style="background-color:#ff8a80"|private build<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://feed.ne.cision.com/wpyfs/00/00/00/00/00/07/F3/B5/wkr0001.pdf |title=Teleca’s Obigo Browser displays prestigious Acid2 test page faultlessly |publisher=Teleca |date=2006-07-04 |accessdate=2008-05-05|format=PDF}}</ref>
|Second mobile browser to pass test.
|-
|17 August 2006
|[[iCab]] 3.0.3
|style="background-color:#44ff22"|official release<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snailshell.de/blog/archives/2006/08/entry_78.html |title=iCab 3.0.3 Final(ly) |last=Much |first=Thomas |work=Thomas Much's Weblog |date=2006-08-24 |accessdate=2008-04-13}}</ref>
|First public release that hides the scrollbars.
|-
|6 September 2006
|[[OmniWeb]] 5.5
|style="background-color:#44ff22"|official release<ref name="OmniWeb Historical Release Notes"/>
|
|-
|8 December 2006
|[[Mozilla Firefox]], [[Camino]], [[SeaMonkey]]
|style="background-color:#ffee00"|public nightly build<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=289480#c121 |last=Baron |first=David |title=Mozilla Bug 289480 |date=2006-12-08 |accessdate=2006-12-08}}</ref>
|Firefox 3 reflow-refactoring branch lands on main Gecko trunk. Firefox/Camino/SeaMonkey trunk builds now pass Acid2, barring other regressions.
|-
|11 April 2007
|[[Internet Channel]]
|style="background-color:#44ff22"|official release<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://operawatch.com/news/2006/12/wii-browser-passes-the-acid2-test.html |title=Wii browser passes the Acid2 test |last=Goldman |first=Daniel |work=Opera Watch |date=2006-12-22 |accessdate=2007-10-30}}</ref><ref name="Get to Know the Web on Wii">{{cite press release |url=http://www.opera.com/pressreleases/en/2007/04/12/ |title=Get to Know the Web on Wii: Full Version of Wii Internet Channel Powered by Opera Available for Free Download |publisher=[[Opera Software]] |date=2007-04-12 |accessdate=2007-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://suplido.com/joel/2007/06/15/take-your-browser-on-an-acid2-test/ |title=Take your browser on an Acid2 test |author=Joel |work=Switchblog |date=2007-06-15 |accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref>
|
|-
|24 October 2007
|[[Mozilla Prism|Prism]] 0.8
|style="background-color:#ffee00"|public build<ref>{{cite web |url=http://labs.mozilla.com/2007/10/prism/ |title=Mozilla Labs blog |publisher=[[Mozilla Corporation]] |date=2007-10-24 |accessdate=2007-10-24}}</ref>
|-
|5 March 2008
|[[Internet Explorer]] 8 Beta 1
|style="background-color:#ffee00"|public build<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2008/03/05/internet-explorer-8-beta-1-for-developers-now-available.aspx |title=Internet Explorer 8 Beta 1 for Developers Now Available |last=Hachamovitch |first=Dean |work=IEBlog |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |date=2008-03-05 |accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref>
|Beta 1 release passes the test when hosted at www.webstandards.org, but fails the test when hosted at webstandards.org or acid2.acidtests.org.<ref name="ieblog20080305" />
|-
|17 June 2008
|[[Mozilla Firefox]] 3.0
|style="background-color:#44ff22"|official release<ref>{{cite news |url=http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20061212-8409.html |title=A first look at Firefox 3.0 |last=Paul |first=Ryan |publisher=[[Ars Technica]] |date=2006-12-12 |accessdate=2008-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/3.0/releasenotes/ |title=Firefox 3 Release Notes |publisher=[[Mozilla Foundation]] |date=2008-06-07 |accessdate=2008-08-04}}</ref>
|-
|27 August 2008
|[[Internet Explorer]] 8 Beta 2
|style="background-color:#ffee00"|public build<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/ie/archive/2008/03/05/internet-explorer-8-beta-1-for-developers-now-available.aspx |title=Internet Explorer 8 Beta 1 for public Now Available |last=Hachamovitch |first=Dean |work=IEBlog |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |date=2008-03-05 |accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref>
|Beta 2 release passes the test with all objects rendered properly
|}
<!-- See talk page for info on including entries in this table -->


==See also==
The latest wave of attacks in Saudi Arabia started with the bombing in [[Riyadh]] on [[12 May]][[2003]] by [[al-Qaeda]] terrorists. The attacks are targeting the Saudi security forces, the foreign workers, and tourists (mostly Western).
{{Commons}}

{{Portal|Software Testing}}
====Gaza Strip/ West Bank====
* [[Comparison of layout engines]]
{{main|Fatah-Hamas conflict}}
{{clear}}
The [[Fatah]]-[[Hamas]] conflict began in 2006 and has continued, in one form or another, into the middle of 2007. The conflict is between the two main [[Palestinian]] factions, Fatah and Hamas, with each vying to assume political control of the [[Palestinian Territories]]. The majority of the fighting is occurring in the [[Gaza Strip]], which was taken over by Hamas in June 2007. Fatah is [[United States]] backed and, although it won the first free and democratic elections held in the Palestinian territories, Hamas is considered a [[terrorist organization]] by the United States, [[United Nations]] and the [[European Union]].

===Central Asia/South Asia===
====India====
{{main|Terrorism in India}}
India has had to deal with a slow but steady rise in [[Islamist]] terrorism over the course of the 1990s and the 21st century. The recent rise in prominence of several Pakistan and [[Kashmir]]-based terror groups, such as [[Lashkar-e-Toiba]], [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]], [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] and others in [[Kashmir]] has created grave problems for the country. Major terrorist incidents in India carried out by Islamic groups include the [[1993 Mumbai bombings]], as well as [[terrorism in Kashmir]] such as [[Wandhama massacre]], [[Kaluchak massacre]], [[Chittisinghpura massacre]] and others. Other deadly terrorist attacks in the rest of the country include the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]], [[Akshardham Temple attack]], [[29 October 2005 Delhi bombings]], [[2005 Ram Janmabhoomi attack in Ayodhya]], [[2005 Jaunpur train bombing]], [[11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings]], [[2006 Malegaon blasts]], [[2006 Varanasi bombings]], and the [[2007 Samjhauta Express bombings]]. In the aftermath of the 2001 Indian Parliament attack, tensions between India and Pakistan increased as India blamed Pakistan for not doing enough to contain anti-India terrorist groups based there. This resulted in massive [[2001-2002 India-Pakistan standoff|troop build-ups]] along the Indo-Pakistani international border by both India and Pakistan resulting in fears of a [[nuclear war]]. However, international diplomacy helped decline tensions between the two [[nuclear weapon]]s-armed states. Pakistan was also suspected to be behind the [[2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul]].<ref>http://www.argentinanews.net/story/379630</ref><ref>http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c122796c-4c88-11dd-96bb-000077b07658.html?nclick_check=1</ref>

Kashmiri insurgents, who initially started their movement as a pro-Kashmiri independence movement, have gone through a radical change in their ideology. They now portray their struggle as a religious one.<ref>http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/insights/insight20010301a.html</ref> [[Research and Analysis Wing]], India's premier external intelligence agency, observed the growing link between Islamic terrorist groups based in Afghanistan and Kashmiri insurgents.<ref>http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH22Df02.html</ref> [[Al-Qaeda]] also lends ideological and financial support to terrorism in Kashmir, with [[Osama bin Laden]] constantly demanding that [[jihad]] be waged against India<ref>[http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/usa/Osama.htm]</ref> and [[Islamic fundamentalist]] groups disseminating propaganda in many countries against India with rhetoric like "idol worshipers and [[Hindus]]" who "occupy Kashmir".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/panorama/4171950.stm]</ref>
The [[Government of India|government]] and [[military of India]] have taken numerous counter-terrorist measures to combat rising terrorism in the country.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/apr/05spec.htm]</ref> Some of these measures have been criticized by human rights groups as being too draconian, particularly in Kashmir.<ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/businessline/2001/03/08/stories/040855ks.htm]</ref> However, increased vigilance by Indian security forces has had a positive impact with the number of terrorist attacks declining sharply in 2007.<ref>http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/index.html</ref> Despite counter-terrorism efforts, India continues to remain one of the countries worst affected by terrorism.<ref>http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/India-among-worst-hit-by-terrorism-US/304094/</ref> India is considered to be one of main allies in the war on terrorism<ref>http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/07/news/air.php</ref> and has worked closely on counter-terrorism activities and training with several countries such as United States,<ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3454.htm</ref> [[Australia]],<ref>http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/200806/s2283403.htm</ref> [[Israel]],<ref>http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/swamy300806.html</ref> United Kingdom,<ref>http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/UK-wants-more-India-cooperation-on-terrorism/263568/</ref> [[Russia]],<ref>http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2003/09/18/stories/2003091803921200.htm</ref> [[Japan]],<ref>http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/koizumispeech/2001/1210india_e.html</ref> and [[PRC|China]].<ref>http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90785/6328784.html</ref>

====Afghanistan====
{{main|War in Afghanistan (2001–present)}}

[[Image:Army.mil-2006-12-26-100437.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Soldiers in south-eastern Afghanistan check their coordinates during a combat patrol.]]

In October 2001, in the wake of the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] on the [[United States]], [[NATO]] invaded [[Afghanistan]] to remove al-Qaeda forces and oust the [[Taliban]] regime which had control of the country. On [[September 20]], [[2001]] George W. Bush delivered an ultimatum to the Taliban regime to turn over Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda leaders operating in the country.<ref>{{cite news|title=Transcript of President Bush's address |publisher=CNN |date= 2001-09-20 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/US/09/20/gen.bush.transcript/}}</ref> The Taliban demanded evidence of bin Laden's link to the September 11 attacks and, if such evidence warranted a trial, they offered to handle such a trial in an Islamic Court.<ref>{{cite news|title=Taliban rejects president Bush's demands |publisher=PBS |date= 2001-09-21 |url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/september01/taliban_9-21.html}}</ref> On October 7, 2001 the official invasion began with British and American forces conducting aerial bombing campaigns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenselink.mil/home/features/1092004a.html|title=Into Afghanistan: Rooting out the Taliban |date=[[August 9]], [[2006]]|publisher=United States Department of Defense|accessdate= 2006-08-10}}</ref>

Waging war in Afghanistan has been of a lower priority for the U.S. government than the war in Iraq. Admiral Mike Mullen, Staff Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that while the situation in Afghanistan is "precarious and urgent," the 10,000 additional troops needed there would be unavailable "in any significant manner" unless withdrawals from Iraq are made. However, Admiral Mullen stated that "my priorities . . . given to me by the commander in chief are: Focus on Iraq first. It's been that way for some time. Focus on Afghanistan second." <ref>Washington Post, July 23, 2008, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/22/AR2008072202942_2.html?nav=hcmodule&sid=ST2008072203343&pos= citing PBS Newshour interview of July 22, 2008</ref>

====Pakistan====
The [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] born [[Abu Zubaydah|Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah]] was arrested by Pakistani officials during a series of joint U.S. and Pakistan raids during the week of [[March 23]], [[2002]]. During the raid the suspect was shot three times while trying to escape capture by military personnel. Zubaydah is said to be a high-ranking al-Qaeda official with the title of operations chief and in charge of running al-Qaeda training camps. [http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/04/01/pakistan.alqaeda/] Later that year on [[September 14]], [[2002]], [[Ramzi Binalshibh]] was arrested in Pakistan after a three-hour gunfight with police forces. Binalshibh is known to have shared a room with [[Mohammad Atta]] in [[Hamburg]], [[Germany]] and to be a financial backer of al-Qaeda operations. It is said Binalshibh was supposed to be another hijacker, however the [[U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services]] rejected his visa application three times, leaving him to the role of financier. The trail of money transferred by Binalshibh from Germany to the United States links both Mohammad Atta and [[Zacarias Moussaoui]]. [http://english.pravda.ru/main/2002/09/14/36623.html]

On [[March 1]], [[2003]], [[Khalid Shaikh Mohammed]] was arrested during [[CIA]]-led raids on the suburb of [[Rawalpindi]], nine miles outside of the Pakistani capital of [[Islamabad]]. Mohammed at the time of his capture was the third highest ranking official in al-Qaeda and had been directly in charge of the planning for the September 11 attacks. Escaping capture the week before during a previous raid, the Pakistani government was able to use information gathered from other suspects captured to locate and detain Mohammed. Mohammed was indicted in 1996 by the United States government for links to the [[Oplan Bojinka]], a plot to bomb a series of U.S. civilian airliners. Other events Mohammed has been linked to include: ordering the killing of Wall Street Journal reporter [[Daniel Pearl]], the [[USS Cole bombing]], [[Richard Reid (shoe bomber)|Richard Reid]]'s attempt to blow up a civilian airliner with a shoe bomb, and the terrorist attack at the [[Ghriba synagogue bombing|El Ghriba synagogue]] in [[Djerba]], [[Tunisia]]. Khalid Shaikh Mohammed has described himself as the head of the al-Qaeda military committee [http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/south/03/01/pakistan.arrests/].

Amidst all this, in 2006, Pakistan was accused by NATO commanding officers of aiding and abetting the Taliban in Afghanistan;<ref>[http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/3231 NATO faces defeat in Afghanistan]</ref> but NATO later admitted that there was no known evidence against the ISI or Pakistani government of sponsoring terrorism.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/10/11/stories/2006101107441600.htm|title=No evidence against Pakistan: NATO|author=The Hindu|date=[[2006-10-11]]|accessdate=2007-06-04|publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> However in 2007, allegations of ISI secretly making bounty payments up to CDN$ 1,900 ([[Pakistani rupee]]s. 1 [[lakh]]) for each NATO personnel killed surfaced.<ref>[http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=d60787c1-6490-4476-b681-2ac4844da586&k=15441 Pakistan accused of placing bounty on NATO soldiers] April 05, 2007, [[The Vancouver Sun]]</ref> The Afghan government also accuses the ISI of providing help to militants including protection to the recently killed Mullah Dadullah, Taliban's senior military commander, a charge denied by the Pakistani government.<ref>[http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/article2540127.ece Taliban military leader killed by Nato forces] [[Belfast Telegraph]], May 14, 2007</ref> India, meanwhile continues to accuse Pakistan's [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] of planning several terrorist attacks in Kashmir and elsewhere in the Indian repubic, including the [[11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings]], which Pakistan attributes it to "homegrown" insurgencies.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/09/30/india.bombs/index.html?section=cnn_world#|title=Pakistan spy agency behind Mumbai bombings|author=CNN|date=[[2006-09-30]]|accessdate=2006-09-30|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Many other countries like Afghanistan and the UK have also accused [[State-sponsored terrorism#Pakistan|Pakistan of State-sponsored terrorism]] and [[Terrorist Financing|financing terrorism]]. The upswing in American military activity in [[Pakistan]] and neighboring [[Afghanistan]] corresponded with a drastic increase in American military aid to the Pakistan government. In the three years before the attacks of September 11, Pakistan received approximately $9 million in American military aid. In the three years after, the number increased to $4.2 billion, making it the country with the maximum funding post 9/11.<ref>
{{cite news
| coauthors = Nathaniel Heller, Sarah Fort, Marina Walker Guevara, Ben Welsh
| title = Pakistan's $4.2 Billion 'Blank Check' for U.S. Military Aid, After 9/11, funding to country soars with little oversight
| publisher = [[Center for Public Integrity]]
| date = [[March 27]] [[2007]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
| url = http://www.publicintegrity.org/icij/default.aspx
}}</ref>. Such a huge inflow of funds has raised concerns that these funds were given without any accountability, as the end uses not being documented, and that large portions were used to suppress civilians' human rights and to purchase weapons to contain domestic problems like the [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]] unrest.<ref>[http://www.publicintegrity.org/militaryaid/report.aspx?aid=877 Billions in Aid, With No Accountability] [[Center for Public Integrity]] Posted: 5/31/2007</ref><ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/print1.asp?id=59395 An alliance of convenience By Burhanuddin Hasan] [[The News International]], Pakistan</ref>

===== Waziristan =====
{{main|Waziristan War}}
In 2004 the [[Pakistani Army]] launched a campaign in the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] of Pakistan's [[Waziristan]] region, sending in 80,000 troops. The goal of the conflict was to remove the al-Qaeda and Taliban forces in the region. After the fall of the Taliban regime many members of the Taliban resistance fled to the Northern border region of Afghanistan and Pakistan where the Pakistani army had previously little control. With the logistics and air support of the United States, the Pakistani Army captured or killed numerous al-Qaeda operatives such as [[Khalid Shaikh Mohammed]], wanted for his involvement in the USS Cole bombing, [[Oplan Bojinka]] plot and the killing of [[Wall Street Journal]] reporter [[Daniel Pearl]]. However, the Taliban resistance still operates in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas under the control of [[Haji Omar]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Top al Qaeda operative caught in Pakistan |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=2003-03-01 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/south/03/01/pakistan.arrests/}}</ref>

===Southeast Asia===
====Indonesia====
{{main|2002 Bali bombing|2004 Jakarta embassy bombing|2005 Bali bombing}}
In 2002 and again in 2005, the Indonesian island of [[Bali]] has been struck by suicide and car bombings that killed over 200 people and injured over 300. The 2002 attack consisted of a bomb hidden in a backpack exploding inside of "Padds's Bar," a remote controlled car bomb exploding in front of the "Sari Club" and a third explosion in front of the American consulate in Bali. The 2005 attack consisted of 2 suicide bombings, the first near a food court in [[Jimbaran]], the second in the main square of [[Kuta]]. The group Jemaah Islamiyah is suspected by Indonesian authorities of carrying out both attacks.

On [[September 9]], [[2004]], a car bomb exploded outside of the Australian embassy in [[Jakarta]], killing 10 Indonesians and injuring over 140 others; despite conflicting initial reports there were no Australian casualties.<ref>{{cite news|title=JI 'claims Jakarta car bombing' |publisher=CNN |date=2004-09-09 |url=http://cnn.com/2004/WORLD/asiapcf/09/09/indonesia.blast/index.html?eref=sitesearch}}</ref> Foreign Minister [[Alexander Downer]] reported that a mobile phone [[text message]] was sent to Indonesian authorities before the bombing warning of attacks if [[Abu Bakar Bashir]] was not released from prison.<ref>{{cite news|title=Text 'warned of Jakarta bomb' |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=09.10.04 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/asiapcf/09/10/indonesia.blast/index.html}}</ref> Abu Bakar Ba'asyir was imprisoned on charged of [[treason]] for his support of the 2002 and 2005 Bali bombings.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jihad warning over Indonesian cleric arrest |publisher=CNN |date=2002-10-10 |url=http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/10/10/indo.baasyir/index.html?eref=sitesearch}}</ref> Currently Jemaah Islamiyah is suspected of carrying out the attacks and Noordin Mohammed Top is a prime suspect. Top is a bomb maker and explosions expert for Jemaah Islamiyah.<ref>{{cite news|title='Walking bombs' are desperate |publisher=CNN |date=2003-11-01 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/11/01/indon.walkbomb/index.html}}</ref>

====Philippines====
{{main|Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines}}
In January 2002 the [[United States Special Operations Command|United States Special Operations Command, Pacific]] deployed to the Philippines to advise and assist the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] in combating terrorism. The operations were mainly focused on removing the [[Abu Sayyaf Group]] (ASG) and [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] (JI) from their stronghold on the island of [[Basilan]]. The United States military has reported that they have removed over 80% of the Abu Sayyaf Group members from the region. The second portion of the operation was conducted as a humanitarian program called "Operation Smiles." The goal of the program was to provide medical care and services to the region of Basilan to prevent the ability for members of the terrorist groups to reestablish themselves.

===North America===
====United States of America====
<!--Someone please explain the context of this image.-->[[Image:US Customs and Border Protection officers.jpg|thumb|300px|United States Customs and Border Protection officers.]]
{{further|[[Detentions following the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack]]}}

A $40 billion emergency spending bill was passed by the [[Congress of the United States|United States Congress]], and an additional $20 billion bail-out of the airline industry was also passed.

The Justice Department launched a [[Special Registration]] procedure for certain male non-citizens in the U.S., requiring them to register in person at offices of the Immigration and Naturalization Service.

In addition to military efforts abroad, in the aftermath of 9/11 the Bush Administration increased domestic efforts to prevent future attacks. A new cabinet level agency called the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]] was created to lead and coordinate federal counterterrorism activities. The [[USA PATRIOT Act]] removed legal restrictions on information sharing between federal law enforcement and intelligence services and allowed for the investigation of suspected terrorists using means similar to those in place for other types of criminals. A new [[Terrorist Finance Tracking Program]] monitored the movements of terrorists' financial resources (discontinued after being revealed by [[The New York Times]] newspaper). Telecommunication usage by known and suspected terrorists was studied through the [[NSA electronic surveillance program]].

Political interest groups have alleged that these laws remove important restrictions on governmental authority, and are a dangerous encroachment on civil liberties, possible [[Constitutionality|unconstitutional]] violations of the [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth Amendment]]. On July 30th, 2003, the ACLU filed the first legal challenge against Section 215 of the [[USA PATRIOT Act|Patriot Act]], claiming that it allows the FBI to violate a citizen's 1st Amendment rights, 4th Amendment Rights, and right to due process, by having the ability to search business, bookstore, and library records in a terrorist investigation - without disclosing to the individual that records were being searched.<ref>http://www.ala.org/ala/alonline/currentnews/newsarchive/2003/august2003/firstpatriot.cfm</ref> Also, governing bodies in a number of communities have passed symbolic resolutions against the act.

In a speech on [[June 9]], [[2005]], Bush said that the USA PATRIOT Act had been used to bring charges against more than 400 suspects, more than half of whom had been convicted. Meanwhile the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU) quoted Justice Department figures showing that 7,000 people have complained of abuse of the Act.

[[DARPA]] began an initiative in early 2002 with the creation of the [[Total Information Awareness]] program, designed to promote information technologies that could be used in counterterrorism. This program, facing criticism, has since been defunded by Congress.

Various government bureaucracies which handled security and military functions were reorganized. Most notably, the [[Department of Homeland Security]] was created to coordinate "homeland security" efforts in the largest reorganization of the U.S. federal government since the consolidation of the armed forces into the Department of Defense. The [[Office of Strategic Influence]] was secretly created after 9/11 for the purpose of coordinating propaganda efforts, but was closed soon after being discovered. The Bush administration implemented the [[Continuity of Operations Plan]] (or Continuity of Government) to ensure that U.S. government would be able to continue in catastrophic circumstances.

Since 9/11, Islamic extremists made various attempts to attack the US homeland, with varying levels of organization and skill. For example, in 2001 vigilant passengers aboard a transatlantic flight to [[Miami]] prevented [[Richard Reid (shoe bomber)]] from detonating an explosive device. Other terrorist plots have been stopped by federal agencies using new legal powers and investigative tools, sometimes in cooperation with foreign governments. Such thwarted attacks include a plan to crash airplanes into the [[U.S. Bank Tower]] (aka Library Tower) in Los Angeles; the 2003 plot by [[Iyman Faris]] to blow up the [[Brooklyn Bridge]] in New York City; the [[2004 Financial buildings plot]] which targeted the [[International Monetary Fund]] and [[World Bank]] buildings in [[Washington, DC]], the [[New York Stock Exchange]] and other financial institutions; the 2004 [[Columbus Shopping Mall Bombing Plot]]; the [[2006 transatlantic aircraft plot]] which was to involve liquid explosives; the [[2006 Sears Tower plot]]; the [[2007 Fort Dix attack plot]]; and the [[2007 John F. Kennedy International Airport attack plot]]. To date, no attacks by Islamic terrorists on the US homeland have been successful since September 11, 2001.

Recently the House of Representatives passed a bill enacting many of the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission, something the Democrats campaigned on as part of their "100 hour plan." The bill passed in the House 299-128 and is currently still being considered in the U.S. Senate. So far funding has not been appropriated for the enactments.<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16549599/</ref>

===South America===
====Colombia====
Following the September 11 attacks the United States government increased military aid to [[Colombia]]. In 2003, 98 million dollars were spent for new Pentagon training and equipment for the Colombian military. The purpose of which was to help the Colombia government fight the [[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia|FARC]] rebel group which is regarded by the U.S. as a terrorist group. It has also been alleged that the Communist rebel group has connections to the drug cartels of [[South America]].<ref>http://www.fpif.org/commentary/2002/0202colombia.html</ref><ref>http://www.colombiajournal.org/colombia229.htm</ref><ref>http://www.cpusa.org/article/articleview/316/1/3/</ref><ref>http://www.worldpress.org/americas/0102colombia.htm</ref>

==International military support==
<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Flightline.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Representing the international nature of the conflict, here Dutch [[Eurocopter Cougar|Cougar]] and British [[CH-47 Chinook|Chinook]] helicopters at Kandahar airfield, part of NATO’s ISAF force in southern Afghanistan, 2006.]] -->
:{{main|Operation Enduring Freedom - Afghanistan: Allies}}
:{{main|Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2006}}
:{{main|Afghanistan War order of battle}}

The first wave of attacks were carried out solely by American and British forces. Since the initial invasion period, these forces were augmented by troops and aircraft from [[Australia]], [[Canada]], [[Denmark]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Italy]], [[Netherlands]], [[New Zealand]] and [[Norway]] amongst others. In 2006, there were about 33,000 troops in Afghanistan.

On [[September 12]], [[2001]], less than 24 hours after the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|terrorist attacks]] in [[New York City]] and [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], [[NATO]] invoked Article 5 of the [[North Atlantic Treaty]] and declared the attacks to be an attack against all 19 NATO member countries. Australian Prime Minister [[John Howard]] also declared that Australia would invoke the [[ANZUS]] Treaty along similar lines.

In the following months, NATO took a wide range of measures to respond to the threat of terrorism. On [[November 22]], [[2002]], the member states of the [[Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council|EAPC]] decided on a Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism which explicitly states that "EAPC States are committed to the protection and promotion of fundamental freedoms and human rights, as well as the rule of law, in combating terrorism."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/Newsroom/view_news_e.asp?id=1703|title=Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism|date=[[November 22]], [[2002]]|publisher=NATO|accessdate= 2006-08-09}}</ref> NATO started naval operations in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] designed to prevent the movement of terrorists or [[weapons of mass destruction]] as well as to enhance the security of [[shipping]] in general called [[Operation Active Endeavour]].

The invasion of Afghanistan is seen as the first action of this war, and initially involved forces from the [[United States]], the [[United Kingdom]], and the Afghan [[Afghan Northern Alliance|Northern Alliance]].

Support for the United States cooled when America made clear its determination to invade Iraq in late 2002. Even so, many of the "[[coalition of the willing]]" countries that unconditionally supported the U.S.-led military action have sent troops to [[Afghanistan]], particular neighbouring [[Pakistan]], which has disowned its earlier support for the Taliban and contributed tens of thousands of soldiers to the conflict. Pakistan was also engaged in the [[Waziristan War]]. Supported by U.S. intelligence, Pakistan was attempting to remove the Taliban insurgency and al-Qaeda element from the northern tribal areas.<ref>{{cite news|title=New frontline in the war on terror |publisher=The Guardian |date=05.04.06 |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/pakistan/Story/0,,1767031,00.html}}</ref>

====The International Security Assistance Force====
:{{main|International Security Assistance Force}}

December 2001 saw the creation of the NATO led [[International Security Assistance Force]] (ISAF) to assist the [[Afghan Transitional Administration]] and the first post-Taliban elected government. With a renewed Taliban insurgency, it was announced in 2006 that ISAF would replace the U.S troops in the province as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. The [[British 16th Air Assault Brigade]] (latter reinforced by [[Royal Marines]]) formed the core of the force in Southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. The initial force consisted of roughly 3,300 British, 2,000 Canadian, 1,400 from the Netherlands and 240 from Australia, along with special forces from Denmark and [[Estonia]] (and small contingents from other nations).<ref>{{cite news|title=UK troops take over Afghan duties|date=[[2006-06-01]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4961368.stm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Canada set for longer Afghan stay |date=[[2006-06-16]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4984880.stm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Australia outlines Afghan force|date=[[2006-05-08]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4983540.stm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=More Dutch troops for Afghanistan |date=[[2006-02-03]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4673026.stm}}</ref>

Summary of major troop contributions (over 500, [[10 June]] [[2008]]):<ref>[http://www.nato.int/ISAF/docu/epub/pdf/isaf_placemat.pdf - International Security Assistance Force Factsheet - NATO, [[10 June]] 2008]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7228649.stm Isaf troops in Afghanistan - BBC [[6 February]] 2008]</ref>
* US - 32,500 (23,550 - ISAF)
* UK - 8,530
* Germany - 3,370
* France 2,660
* Canada - 2,500
* Italy - 2,350
* Netherlands - 1,770
* Poland - 1,140
* Australia - 1,100
* Spain - 800
* Turkey - 760
* Denmark - 750
* Norway - 580
* Romania - 570

==Criticisms of U.S. objectives and strategies==

{{main|Criticism of the War on Terrorism}}

===The War on Terrorism as indefinite and indeterminate===

Policy experts have criticized the “War on Terrorism” as an irresponsible [[metaphor]], arguing that “war” must by definition be waged against nations—not against broad and controversial categories of activity such as “terrorism.” [[Cognitive linguistics|Cognitive linguist]] [[George Lakoff]] writes:
:"Literal—not metaphorical—wars are conducted against armies of other nations. They end when the armies are defeated militarily and a peace treaty is signed. Terror is an emotional state. It is in us. It is not an army. And you can’t defeat it militarily and you can’t sign a peace treaty with it."<ref>[http://www.rockridgeinstitute.org/research/rockridge/fiveyearsafter911 Five Years After 9/11: Drop the War Metaphor — Rockridge Institute<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

[[David Kilcullen|Dr. David Kilcullen]], a [[counterinsurgency]] and [[counterterrorism]] advisor to [[David Petraeus|Gen. David Petraeus]] and [[U.S. Secretary of State]] [[Condoleezza Rice]], has asserted that:
:"We must distinguish [[Al Qaeda|Al Qa'eda]] and the broader militant movements it symbolises – entities that ''use'' terrorism – from the tactic of terrorism itself. In practice, as will be demonstrated, the 'War on Terrorism' is a defensive war against a world-wide [[Islamist]] ''[[jihad]]'', a diverse confederation of movements that uses terrorism as its principal, but not its sole [[Tactic (method)|tactic]]."<ref>[http://www.smallwarsjournal.com/documents/kilcullen.pdf "Countering Global Insurgency"]</ref>
[[Francis Fukuyama]], a prominent former [[neoconservative]], has made the similar point that "The term “war on terrorism” is a misnomer, resulting in distorted ideas of the main threat facing
Americans today. Terrorism is only a means to an end; in this respect, a “war on terror” makes
no more sense than a war on submarines."<ref>[http://www.brook.edu/comm/events/summary20030514.pdf "Phase III in the War on Terrorism?" (Brookings Institution)]</ref>

The term "terrorism" has been also been characterized as unacceptably vague. The [[United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]] observes:
:"The lack of agreement on a definition of terrorism has been a major obstacle to meaningful international countermeasures. Cynics have often commented that one state's "terrorist" is another state's "freedom fighter."<ref>[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/terrorism_definitions.html United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]</ref>
Opponents critical of this inherent subjectivity point out that governments such as [[Iran]], [[Lebanon]], and [[Venezuela]] consistently use the term "terrorism" to describe actions taken by the United States.<ref>[http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_ID=1&article_ID=74444&categ_id=5 "An open letter to the American president" Lebanon ''Daily Star'']</ref>

Further criticism maintains that the War on Terrorism provides a framework for [[perpetual war]]; that the announcement of such open-ended goals produces a state of endless conflict, since "terrorist groups" can continue to arise indefinitely.<ref>Richissin, Todd. "<cite>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002023596_russanal02.html 'War on terror' difficult to define]</cite>" [[Baltimore Sun|The Baltimore Sun]], 2 September 2004.</ref>. [[George W. Bush|President Bush]] has pledged that the War on Terrorism “will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.”<ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html "Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People"]</ref> During a July 2007 visit to the United States, newly appointed British Prime Minister [[Gordon Brown]] defined the War on Terror, specifically the element involving conflict with Al Qaeda, as "a generational battle".<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/07/30/bush.brown/index.html "CNN: Britain's Brown: Al Qaeda fight a 'generation-long' battle"]</ref>

===The War on Terrorism as counterproductive===

A number of security experts, politicians, and policy organizations have claimed that the War on Terrorism has been counterproductive: that it has consolidated opposition to the U.S., aided terrorist recruitment, and increased the likelihood of attacks against the U.S. and its allies. In a 2005 briefing paper, the [[Oxford Research Group]] reported that
:"Al-Qaida and its affiliates remain active and effective, with a stronger support base and a higher intensity of attacks than before 9/11. ...Far from winning the 'war on terror', the second [[George W. Bush administration]] is maintaining policies that are not curbing paramilitary movements and are actually increasing violent anti-Americanism."<ref>[http://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/publications/briefing_papers/endlesswar.php "Endless War: The global war on terror
and the new Bush Administration"]</ref>
The [[South Africa]]n ''[[Mail & Guardian]]'' describes research commissioned by the [[British Ministry of Defence]] which concluded:
*"The war in Iraq ... has acted as a recruiting sergeant for extremists across the Muslim world ... Iraq has served to radicalise an already disillusioned youth and al-Qaeda has given them the will, intent, purpose and ideology to act."<ref>[http://www.mg.co.za/articledirect.aspx?articleid=285202&area=%2fbreaking_news%2fbreaking "Iraq war was terrorism 'recruiting sergeant'" '''Mail & Guardian''' 28 Sep 2006]</ref>
[[Peter Bergen]] and Paul Cruickshank, research fellows at the Center on Law and Security at the [[NYU School of Law]], have argued that the "globalization of martyrdom" potentiated by the Iraq War “has generated a stunning sevenfold increase in the yearly rate of fatal jihadist attacks, amounting to literally hundreds of additional terrorist attacks and thousands of civilian lives lost.”<ref>[http://www.motherjones.com/news/featurex/2007/03/iraq_effect_1.html "The Iraq Effect." ''Mother Jones,'' 1 March 2007]</ref>

The 2007 [[National Intelligence Estimate]] issued the following among its "key judgments":
*"The Iraq conflict has become the —cause celebre“ for jihadists, breeding a deep resentment of US involvement in the Muslim world and cultivating supporters for the global jihadist movement. Should jihadists leaving Iraq perceive themselves, and be perceived, to have failed, we judge fewer fighters will be inspired to carry on the fight."<ref>[http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/20070202_release.pdf Iraq National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) - "Prospects for Iraq's Stability: A Challenging Road Ahead" Unclassified Key Judgments] - Released on Friday, February 2, 2007.</ref>

===Double standards===

Others have criticized the U.S. for [[double standard]]s in its dealings with key allies that are also known to support terrorist groups, such as [[Pakistan]]. [[Afghan]] President [[Hamid Karzai]] has repeatedly stated that in the "war against terrorism," “the central front is Pakistan"; Pakistan has also been alleged to provide [[Taliban]] operatives with covert support via the [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]].<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C11%5C16%5Cstory_16-11-2006_pg7_23 ‘Pakistan must not harbour Taliban’ By Khalid Hasan]</ref> These accusations of double dealing regard [[civil liberties]]<ref>[http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/12/08/031208ta_talk_lemann "Democracy Hypocrisy"; ''The New Yorker'' 8 Dec 2001]</ref> and human rights as well as terrorism. According to the [[Federation of American Scientists]], "[i]n its haste to strengthen the "frontline" states' ability to confront transnational terrorist threats on their soil, and to gain the cooperation of regimes of geostrategic significance to the next phases of the "War on Terrorism", the administration is disregarding normative restrictions on U.S. aid to human rights abusers." <ref>[http://www.fas.org/terrorism/at/docs/Aid&Humanrights.html "The War on Terrorism" and Human Rights: Aid to Abusers<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
[[Amnesty International]] has argued that the [[Patriot Act]] gives the U.S. government free reign to violate the constitutional rights of citizens.<ref>[http://www.amnestyusa.org/War_on_Terror/Civil_Rights/page.do?id=1108209&n1=3&n2=821&n3=838 Amnesty International]</ref> The Bush administration's alleged use of [[extraordinary rendition]], [[secret prison]]s, and [[torture]] have all fueled opposition to the War on Terrorism. <ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/01/AR2005110101644.html ''Washington Post'']</ref> <ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5776968 NPR]</ref><ref>[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1237589,00.html ''Guardian'']</ref>

===Decreasing international support===
In 2002, strong majorities supported the U.S.-led War on Terrorism in [[UK|Britain]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Japan]], [[India]], and [[Russia]]. By 2006, supporters of the effort were in the minority in Britain (49%), France (43%), Germany (47%), and Japan (26%). Although a majority of Russians still supported the War on Terrorism, that majority had decreased by 21%. Whereas 63% of the Spanish population supported the War on Terrorism in 2003, only 19% of the population indicated support in 2006. 19% of the Chinese population supports the War on Terrorism, and less than a fifth of the populations of [[Turkey]], [[Egypt]], and [[Jordan]] support the effort. Indian support for the War on Terrorism has been stable.<ref>[http://pewglobal.org/commentary/display.php?AnalysisID=1019 Pew Global Attitudes Project: America’s Image in the World: Findings from the Pew Global Attitudes Project<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Andrew Kohut, speaking to the [[U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs]], noted that, according to the [[Pew Research Center]] polls conducted in 2004, "majorities or pluralities in seven of the nine countries surveyed said the U.S.-led war on terrorism was not really a sincere effort to reduce international terrorism. This was true not only in Muslim countries such as Morocco and Turkey, but in France and Germany as well. The true purpose of the war on terrorism, according to these skeptics, is American control of Middle East oil and U.S. domination of the world."<ref>www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/congress/koh111005.pdf</ref>

==Effects==

===Economy===

===Persecution of Christian===

==Role of U.S. media==
Researchers in the area of communication studies and political science have found that American understanding of the war on terror is directly shaped by how the mainstream news media reports events associated with the war on terror. In ''Bush’s War: Media Bias and Justifications for War in a Terrorist Age''<ref>
{{cite book
| last =Kuypers
| first =Jim A.
| title =Bush’s War: Media Bias and Justifications for War in a Terrorist Age
| origdate =2006-10-28
| publisher =Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
| isbn =0-7425-3653-X
}}</ref>
political communication researcher [[Jim A. Kuypers]] illustrated “how the press failed America in its coverage on the War on Terror.” In each comparison, Kuypers “detected massive bias on the part of the press.” This researcher called the mainstream news media an “anti-democratic institution” in his conclusion. “What has essentially happened since 9/11 has been that Bush has repeated the same themes, and framed those themes the same whenever discussing the War on Terror,” said Kuypers. “Immediately following 9/11, the mainstream news media (represented by CBS, ABC, NBC, USA Today, New York Times, and Washington Post) did echo Bush, but within eight weeks it began to intentionally ignore certain information the president was sharing, and instead reframed the president's themes or intentionally introduced new material to shift the focus.”

This goes beyond reporting alternate points of view, which is an important function of the press. “In short,” Kuypers explained, “if someone were relying only on the mainstream media for information, they would have no idea what the president actually said. It was as if the press were reporting on a different speech.” The study is essentially a “comparative framing analysis.” Overall, Kuypers examined themes about 9-11 and the War on Terror that the President used, and compared them to the themes that the press used when reporting on what the president said.

“Framing is a process whereby communicators, consciously or unconsciously, act to construct a point of view that encourages the facts of a given situation to be interpreted by others in a particular manner,” wrote Kuypers. These findings suggest that the public is misinformed about government justification and plans concerning the war on terror.

Others have also suggested that press coverage has contributed to a public confused and misinformed on both the nature and level of the threat to the U.S. posed by terrorism. In his book, ''Trapped in the War on Terror''<ref>
{{cite book
| last =Lustick
| first =Ian S.
| title =Trapped in the War on Terror
| origdate =2006-09-01
| publisher =University of Pennsylvania Press
| isbn =0-8122-3983-0
}}</ref>
political scientist Ian S. Lustick, claimed, “The media have given constant attention to possible terrorist-initiated catastrophes and to the failures and weaknesses of the government's response.” Lustick alleged that the War on Terror is disconnected from the real but remote threat terrorism poses, and that the generalized War on Terror began as part of the justification for invading Iraq, but then took on a life of its own, fueled by media coverage.

Media researcher Stephen D. Cooper’s analysis of media criticism
''Watching the Watchdog: Bloggers As the Fifth Estate''<ref>
{{cite book
| last =Cooper
| first =Stephen D.
| title =Watching the Watchdog: Bloggers As the Fifth Estate
| origdate =2006-06-12
| publisher =Marquette Books
| isbn =0-9229-9347-5
}}</ref>
contains many examples of controversies concerning mainstream reporting of the War on Terror. Cooper found that bloggers’ criticisms of factual inaccuracies in news stories or bloggers’ discovery of the mainstream press’s failure to adequately check facts before publication caused many news organizations to retrack or change news stories.

Cooper found that bloggers specializing in criticism of media coverage advanced four key points: 1. Mainstream reporting of the war on terror has frequently contained factual inaccuracies. In some cases, the errors go uncorrected; moreover, when corrections are issued they usually are given far less prominence than the initial coverage containing the errors. 2. The mainstream press has sometimes failed to check the provenance of information or visual images supplied by Iraqi “stringers” (local Iraqis hired to relay local news). 3. Story framing is often problematic; in particular, “man-in-the-street” interviews have often been used as a representation of public sentiment in Iraq, in place of methodologically sound survey data. 4. Mainstream reporting has tended to concentrate on the more violent areas of Iraq, with little or no reporting of the calm areas.

==Military decorations==
Since 2002, the [[United States military]], has created several military awards and decorations related to the "War on Terrorism" including:
* "[[Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal]]"
* "[[Afghanistan Campaign Medal]]"
* "[[Iraq Campaign Medal]]"
* "[[Global War on Terrorism Service Medal]]"

The [[U.S. Department of Transportation]] created two awards related to the "War on Terrorism" which are authorized to be worn on U.S. military uniforms:
* "[[9-11 Medal]]"
* "[[9-11 Ribbon]]"

[[NATO]] has also created military decorations related to the "War on Terrorism":
* Article 5 [[NATO Medal]]
* Non-Article 5 [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]] [[NATO Medal]]

==Casualties==
There is no widely agreed on figure for the number of people that have been killed so far in the "War on Terrorism" as it has been defined by the Bush Administration to include the war in Afghanistan, the war in Iraq, and operations elsewhere. Some estimates include the following:

* Iraq — 62,570 to 1,124,000
:*[[ORB survey of Iraq War casualties|Opinion Research Business (ORB) poll]] conducted August 12-19, 2007 estimated 1,033,000 violent deaths due to the Iraq War. The range given was 946,000 to 1,120,000 deaths. A nationally representative sample of approximately 2000 Iraqi adults answered whether any members of their household (living under their roof) were killed due to the Iraq War. 22% of the respondents had lost one or more household members. ORB reported that "48% died from a gunshot wound, 20% from the impact of a car bomb, 9% from aerial bombardment, 6% as a result of an accident and 6% from another blast/ordnance."<ref name=ORB> [http://www.opinion.co.uk/Newsroom_details.aspx?NewsId=78 "More than 1,000,000 Iraqis murdered"]. September 2007. Opinion Research Business. PDF report: [http://www.opinion.co.uk/Documents/TABLES.pdf]</ref><ref name=ORB2> [http://www.commondreams.org/archive/2007/09/14/3839/ "Poll: Civilian Death Toll in Iraq May Top 1 Million"]. By Tina Susman. Sept. 14, 2007. ''[[Los Angeles Times]].''</ref><ref name=ORB3> [http://www.commondreams.org/archive/2007/09/16/3879/ "Greenspan Admits Iraq was About Oil, As Deaths Put at 1.2 Million"]. By Peter Beaumont and Joanna Walters. Sept. 16, 2007. ''[[The Observer|The Observer (UK)]].''</ref><ref name=ORB4> [http://www.medialens.org/alerts/07/070918_the_media_ignore.php "The Media Ignore Credible Poll Revealing 1.2 Million Violent Deaths In Iraq"]. Sept. 18, 2007. ''[[MediaLens]].''</ref>
:* Between 392,979 and 942,636 estimated Iraqi (655,000 with a confidence interval of 95%), civilian and combatant, according to the second [[Lancet surveys of mortality before and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq|Lancet survey of mortality]].<ref>"<cite>[http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/journals/lancet/s0140673606694919.pdf]</cite>." ''[[The Lancet]]''.</ref>
:* A minimum of 62,570 civilian deaths reported in the mass media up to [[28 April]] [[2007]] according to [http://www.IraqBodyCount.net IraqBodyCount].
:* 4000 U.S. military dead (2008 26 March). 22,401 wounded in action, of which 10,050 were unable to return to duty within 72 hours. 6,640 non-hostile injuries and 18,183 diseases (both requiring medical air transport).<ref>"<cite>http://icasualties.org/oif/</cite>." Iraq Coalition Casualties</ref>
* Afghanistan — between 1,300 and 49,600
:* According to Marc W. Herold,<ref>"<cite>http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mwherold/</cite>." Dossier on Civilian Victims of United States' Aerial Bombing</ref> up to 3,600 civilians were killed as a result of U.S. bombing.
:* [[Joshua Muravchik]] of the [[American Enterprise Institute]] and [[Carl Conetta]] of the [[Project on Defense Alternatives]] question Herold's heavy use of the [[Afghan Islamic Press]], "suspicious" tallies of other news agencies, and statistical errors in Herold's study.<ref>[http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/001/565otmps.asp?pg=1 The Prof Who Can't Count Straight<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Conetta's study puts total civilian casualties between 1000 and 1300.<ref>"<cite>http://www.comw.org/pda/0201oef.html</cite>." Operation Enduring Freedom: Why a Higher Rate of Civilian Bombing Casualties</ref>
:* A [[Los Angeles Times]] study put the number of collateral dead between 1,067 and 1,201.
:* According to [[Jonathan Steele]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'' between 20,000 and 49,600 people may have died of the consequences of the invasion.<ref>"<cite>http://www.guardian.co.uk/afghanistan/comment/story/0,11447,718647,00.html</cite>." The Guardian</ref>
*Somalia - 7,000+
:*In December 2007, The Elman Peace and Human Rights Organisation said it had verified 6,500 civilian deaths, 8,516 people wounded, and 1.5 million displaced from homes in Mogadishu alone during the year 2007.<ref>[http://www.nationalpost.com/story.html?id=208509 Mogadishu violence kills 6,500 in past year: rights group<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

==Further reading==
* Müller, Sebastian R. ''Hawala. An Informal Payment System and Its Use to Finance Terrorism'', Dec. 2006, ISBN 3-8655-0656-9
* Kuypers, Jim A. ''Bush’s War: Media Bias and Justifications for War in a Terrorist Age'', ISBN 0-7425-3653-X
* [[Brian Michael Jenkins]], ''[[Unconquerable Nation]]'', [[RAND Corporation]], Fall 2006, ISBN 0-8330-3893-1 and ISBN 0-8330-3891-5
* [[Igmade]] (Stephan Trüby et al., eds.), ''5 Codes: Architecture, Paranoia and Risk in Times of Terror'', Birkhäuser; 2006, ISBN 3-7643-7598-1
* [[Richard A. Clarke|Richard Clarke]], ''Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror'', Free Press; 2004, ISBN 0-7432-6024-4
* Ira Chernus. ''Monsters To Destroy: The Neoconservative War on Terror and Sin''. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2006 ISBN 1-59451-276-0
* [[Michael Scheuer]], ''Imperial Hubris: Why the West is Losing the War on Terror'', ISBN 1-57488-849-8
* [[Michelle Malkin]], ''In Defense Of Internment: The Case for Racial Profiling in World War II and the War on terror'', September, 2004, National Book Network, hardcover, 416 pages, ISBN 0-89526-051-4
* [[Steven Emerson]] (2002), ''American Jihad: The Terrorists Living Among Us'', Free Press; 2003 paperback edition, ISBN 0-7432-3435-9
* [[Lyal S. Sunga]], (2002) ''US Anti-Terrorism Policy and Asia’s Options'', in Johannen, Smith and Gomez, (eds.) September 11 & Political Freedoms: Asian Perspectives (Select) 242–264, ISBN 981-4022-24-1
* Marina Ottoway, et al., ''Democratic Mirage in the Middle East,'' Carnegie Endowment for Ethics and International Peace, Policy Brief 20, ([[October 20]] [[2002]]). [http://www.ceip.org/files/publications/HTMLBriefs-WP/20_October_2002_Policy_Brief/20009536v01.html Available online]
* Marina Ottoway and Thomas Carothers, ''Think Again: Middle East Democracy,''Foreign Policy (Nov./Dec. 2004). [http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=2705&print=1 Available online]
* Chris Zambelis, ''The Strategic Implications of Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Middle East,'' Parameters, (Autumn 2005). [http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/05autumn/zambelis.htm Available online]
* Adnan M. Hayajneh, ''The U.S. Strategy: Democracy and Internal Stability in the Arab World,''Alternatives (Volume 3, No. 2 & 3, Summer/Fall 2004). [http://www.alternativesjournal.net/volume3/number2/adnan.htm Available online]
* Gary Gambill, ''Jumpstarting Arab Reform: The Bush Administration's Greater Middle East Initiative,'' Middle East Intelligence Bulletin (Vol. 6, No. 6–7, June/July 2004). [http://www.meib.org/articles/0407_me2.htm Available online]
* Remarks by the President at the 20th Anniversary of the National Endowment for Democracy, United States Chamber of Commerce, Washington, D.C., ''President Bush Discusses Freedom in Iraq and Middle East,'' ([[November 6]] [[2003]]). [http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/11/20031106-2.html Available online]
* [[Hans Köchler]], ''Terrorism and National Liberation. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Question of Terrorism''. Frankfurt a. M:/Bern/New York: Peter Lang, 1988, ISBN 3-8204-1217-4
* [[Hans Köchler]], ''Manila Lectures 2002. Terrorism and the Quest for a Just World Order''. Quezon City (Manila): FSJ Book World, 2002, ISBN 3-211-83091-X
* [[Hans Köchler]], [http://hanskoechler.com/koechler-war-on-terror-paper-manila.pdf ''The War on Terror, its Impact on the Sovereignty of Nations, and its Implications on Human Rights and Civil Liberties''], Manila, September 2002
* [[Hans Köchler]], [http://i-p-o.org/koechler-terrorism-collective-security.htm ''The United Nations and International Terrorism : Challenges to Collective Security''], Shanghai, November 2002
* [[Hans Köchler]] (ed.), ''The 'Global War on Terror' and the Question of World Order''. Vienna: International Progress Organization, 2008. ISBN 9783900704247
* Robert Blecher, ''Free People Will Set the Course of History: Intellectuals, Democracy and American Empire,'' Middle East Report (March 2003). [http://www.merip.org/mero/interventions/blecher_interv.html Available online]
* Robert Fisk, ''What Does Democracy Really Mean In The Middle East? Whatever The West Decides,'' The London Independent ([[August 8]] [[2005]]). [http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article9888.htm Available online]
* Fawaz Gergez, ''Is Democracy in the Middle East a Pipedream?,''Yale Global Online ([[April 25]] [[2005]]). [http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=5622 Available online]
* Donald Rumsfeld, ''Bureaucracy to Battlefield Speech,'' ([[September 10]] [[2001]]) [http://www.defenselink.mil/speeches/2001/s20010910-secdef.html Available online]
* Leon Hadar, ''The Green Peril: Creating the Islamic Fundamentalist Threat,'' ([[August 27]] [[1992]]) [http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-177.html Available online]
* George W. Bush, ''A Period of Consequences,'' ([[September 23]] [[1999]]) [http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/program/news99/92399_defense.htm Available online]
* George W. Bush, ''A Distinctly American Internationalism,'' ([[November 19]] [[1999]]) [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bush/wspeech.htm Available online]
* Nicholas Lemann, ''Dreaming About War,'' ([[July 16]] [[2001]]) ''The New Yorker''. [http://www.comw.org/qdr/0107lemann.html Available online]
* James Der Derian, ''The Illusion of a Grand Strategy, '' ([[May 25]] [[2001]]) ''The New York Times'' [http://www.comw.org/qdr/0105DerDerian1.html Available online]
* Paul Wolfowitz, ''Briefing on the Defense Planning Guidance, '' ([[August 16]] [[2001]]). [http://www.comw.org/qdr/fulltext/010816Wolfowitz.html Available online]
* Henry Shelton, ''Change, Troops and Transformation, '' ([[August 28]] [[2001]]). [http://www.hqusareur.army.mil/htmlinks/Press_Releases/2001/Aug/20010828-1.htm Available online]
* Project for the New American Century, ''Rebuilding America's Defenses, '' (September 2000). [http://www.newamericancentury.org/RebuildingAmericasDefenses.pdf Available online]
* Foreign Policy in Focus, ''The Bush Administration's Strategic Defense Review, ''(May 2001). [http://www.fpif.org/presentations/0105briefingbook/index_body.html Available online]
* Col. Daniel Smith and others, ''Reforging the Sword: Forces for the 21st Century Security Strategy, '' Center for Defense Information, (September 2001), [http://www.cdi.org/mrp/reforging-full.pdf Available online]
* BBC News, ''Stumbling towards Pentagon reform: Ambitious agenda, '' ([[August 16]] [[2001]]). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1495340.stm Available online]
* Philip Gold, ''Savaging Donald Rumsfeld, '' The Washington Times, ([[August 28]] [[2001]]). [http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&program=Defense&id=1045 Available online]
* Condoleezza Rice, ''Life after the Cold War, '' Council on Foreign Relations, (September 2000). [http://web.archive.org/web/20021007230637/www.foreignpolicy2000.org/library/issuebriefs/readingnotes/fa_rice.html web.archive.org]
* Ashton Carter and William Perry, ''Preventive Defense, A New Security Strategy for America, '' Brooking Institution, (1999). [http://brookings.nap.edu/books/081571307X/html/R1.html Available online]
* Steven Metz, ''Asymmetry and U.S. Military Strategy: Definition, Background, and Strategic Concepts, '' U.S. Army War College, (January 2001). [http://web.archive.org/web/20020919144100/http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usassi/ssipubs/pubs2001/asymetry/asymetry.htm web.archive.org]
* Kenneth McKenzie, ''The Revenge of the Melians: Asymmetric Threats and the next QDR, '' National Defense University, (November 2000). [http://www.ndu.edu/inss/McNair/mcnair62/m62cvr.html Available online]
* L. Ali Khan, "A Theory of International Terrorism" (2006) and [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=935319 The Essentialist Terrorist (2006)]
* [[Mohsin Hamid]], ''[[The Reluctant Fundamentalist]]''; 2007, ISBN 978-0241143650


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

==See also==
* [[War on Terra]]
* [[List of military strikes against presumed terrorist targets]]
* [[Airport security repercussions due to the September 11, 2001 attacks]]
* [[Axis of evil]]
* [[Allegations of state terrorism by United States of America|Allegations of state terrorism by the U.S.]]
* [[Barbary Wars]]
* [[Biodefense and Pandemic Vaccine and Drug Development Act of 2005]]
* [[Black site]]s (CIA secret detention centers)
* [[Bush Doctrine]]
* [[Crusade (modern)]]
* [[Islamism]]
* [[Anti-Arabism]]
* [[Persecution of Muslims]]
* [[Islam by country]]
* [[List of wars in the Muslim world]]
* [[Criticisms of the "War on Terrorism"]]
* [[Department of Anti-terrorism Strategic Studies]], an Italian "parallel police" under investigations since July 2005
* [[Executive Order 12333]]
* [[Extrajudicial execution]]
* [[Extraordinary rendition]]
* [[Foreign policy of the United States]]
* [[Guantánamo Bay]]
* [[Homeland security]]
* [[Iraq War]]
* [[Jihad]]
* [[Long War (21st century)]]
* [[Manhunt (Military)]]
* [[Manhunt (law enforcement)]]
* [[Manhunting]]
* [[Operation Eagle Assist]]
* [[NSA warrantless surveillance controversy]]
* [[Proactive and Preemptive Operations Group]]
* [[Rendition (game)]]
* [[Strategic reset]]
* [[Terrorist surveillance program]]
* [[Targeted killing]]
* [[Unlawful combatant]]
* [[U.S.-Pakistan relations]]
* U.S. anti-terror legislation:
** [[USA Patriot Act]]
** [[Ohio Patriot Act]]
* UK anti-terror legislation:
** [[Terrorism Act 2006]]
** [[Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 (UK)]]
* [[Algerian Civil War]]
* [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]
* [[War on Islam]]
* [[List of wars and disasters by death toll|List of wars by death toll]]
* [[War on Terror (game)]]
* [[Religious war]]
* [[Perpetual war]]


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://acid2.acidtests.org/ The Second Acid Test]
{{external links}}
*[http://www.webstandards.org/action/acid2/ Acid2 test information]
;Official sites by governments and international organizations
*[http://acidtests.googletoad.com/ The Acid2 Test Results]
* [https://www.cia.gov/news-information/cia-the-war-on-terrorism/index.html CIA and the War on Terror]
* [http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/fugitives.htm FBI Most Wanted Terrorists]
*[http://www.howtocreate.co.uk/acid/ Acid 2 in major browsers]
* [http://www.rewardsforjustice.net Rewards for Justice — Most Wanted Terrorists]
*[http://www.acidtests.org/ The Web Standards Project's collection of Acid tests]
*[http://www.webstandards.org/press/releases/20050413// April 13, 2005 Web Standards Project press release]
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/response/faq-what.html Whitehouse FAQ about the "War on Terrorism"]
*[http://news.cnet.com/The-Acid2-challenge-to-Microsoft/2010-1032_3-5618723.html CNET article proposing the Acid2 test]
* [http://www.defendamerica.mil/ U.S. Dept. of Defense News on the "War on Terrorism"]
*[http://www.hyperborea.org/journal/archives/2005/11/01/acid2-timeline/ Acid2 timeline]
* [http://www.nato.int/terrorism/ NATO and the scourge of terrorism]
* [http://www.un.org/terrorism/ UN action against terrorism]
* [http://www.interpol.com/Public/Wanted/Fugitives/Default.asp INTERPOL and fugitives]
* [http://www.usmarshals.gov/investigations/index.html US Marshals Service]

;General "war on terrorism" news
* [http://www.longwarjournal.org/ Long War Journal] - The Long War Journal is dedicated to providing original and accurate reporting and analysis of the Long War (also known as the Global War on Terror). This is accomplished through its programs of embedded reporters, news and news aggregation, podcasts, and other multimedia formats.
* [http://iraqstatusreport.com/ Iraq Status Report] - The IraqStatusReport.com Web site provides the only “one-stop-shop” on the Internet for news, commentary and analysis related to the U.S. Mission in Iraq.
*[http://insurgencyresearchgroup.wordpress.com/ Insurgency Research Group] - Multi-expert blog dedicated to the study of insurgency and the development of counter-insurgency policy.
* [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]], [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/23/AR2007032301613_pf.html Terrorized by 'War on Terror' -- How a Three-Word Mantra Has Undermined America] (The Washington Post, Sunday, March 25, 2007)
* [http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/misc/janes070112_1_n.shtml UK faces a long war] Janes.com, January 2007
* [http://web1.foreignpolicy.com/issue_julyaug_2006/TI-index/index.html The Terrorism Index] — The first comprehensive and regularly updated report card on the war on terrorism. Developed by ''Foreign Policy Magazine'' and the Center for American Progress
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,1212120,00.html The Guardian] — Gunned down to impress America
* [http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/may2004-daily/03-05-2004/metro/k2.htm Killed in the name of Terror] — Ansar Burney to sue Macedonian govt for killing 6 Pakistanis
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/world/2001/war_on_terror/ BBC News In Depth: Investigating al-Qaeda]
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/nation/specials/attacked/ The Washington Post "War on terrorism" coverage]
* [http://politics.guardian.co.uk/iraq/comment/0,12956,1036687,00.html This war on terrorism is bogus] by [[Michael Meacher]]
* [http://www.ipsnews.net/new_focus/warII/index.asp Bush at War Part II] Independent news reports by [[Inter Press Service]]

;Primary legal documents
* [http://news.findlaw.com/legalnews/us/terrorism/cases/index.html Findlaw Special Coverage "War on Terrorism"] (court documents in .pdf)
* [http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode50/usc_sec_50_00001541----000-notes.html Authorization For Use of Military Force Against [[September 11]] terrorists (AUMF)] US Public Law 107-40, [[September 18]] [[2001]], 115 Stat. 224
* [http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/2004-09-Strategic_Communication.pdf Report on Strategic Communication] (pdf) Defense Science Board Task Force, September 2004
*[http://www.counter-terrorism-law.org/ counter-terrorism-law.org]

;Specific articles
* [http://legalnews.tv/commentary/counteracting_terrorism.html Counteracting Terrorism], ''LNTV'', [[August 13]] [[2006]]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/02/international/asia/02STAN.html "Pakistanis Arrest Qaeda Figure Seen as Planner of 9/11"], ''The New York Times'', [[March 2]] [[2003]]

;Other
* [http://tortureprotest.org/ Documenting and fighting] torture used in the "War on Terror."
* [http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/search.tkl?q=%22war+on+terrorism%22&search_crit=fulltext&search=Search&date1=Anytime&date2=Anytime&type=form Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding the "War on Terrorism"]
* [http://www.globalcriminalmedia.com/gloves.pdf And the Gloves Came Off] Douglas C. McNabb and Matthew R. McNabb,''The European Lawyer'', October 2005.
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/3755686.stm The Power of Nightmares]; A three-part BBC documentary
* [http://users.skynet.be/diab/Reflections/Renditions.htm Extraordinary renditions: the playwright and the president]; Jeff Sommers, Khaled Diab and Charles Woolfson explore the dynamics between playwright and president as America's 'war on terror' stands in the dock.
* [http://www.cgs.uiuc.edu/resources/webvideo/racvideo.html Richard Clarke Speech on Streaming Video]; Speech by [[Richard A. Clarke|Richard Clarke]], a former member of the [[National Security Council]], US Department of State official, [[March 8]] [[2005]]
* [http://www.milum.net/global_war_on_terrorism.htm Seminar on the Global "War On Terrorism"] by the Chairman of the Cold War Veterans Association — Vince Milum
* [http://www.comw.org/qdr/01qdr.html The Quadrennial Defense Review of 2001] by the Project for Defense Alternatives
* [http://www.waronterrorboardgame.com/ The War on Terror Board Game]
* [http://www.independent.org/publications/policy_reports/detail.asp?type=full&id=28 Ian S. Lustick, "''Our Own Strength Against Us: The War on Terror as a Self-Inflicted Disaster''"] April 4, 2008 [[Independent Institute]] Policy report

;Video
* ''[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/darkside/ The Dark Side]'' — After 9/11 Vice President Cheney initiated an expansion of executive power, took on George Tenet's CIA for control over intelligence and brought the War on Terrorism to Iraq.
* [http://www.ansarburney.org/videolinks/video-macedonia_killings.html Macedonia Killings Video] — 2002 confrontation at the US embassy in Macedonia
* [http://movies.crooksandliars.com/TCR-Long-War-3-9-06.wmv The Long War] — Colbert highlights the new name for "war on terror" that the pentagon is now using.
* [http://www.archive.org/details/ThePowerOfNightmares The Power of Nightmares]
* [http://www.obsessionthemovie.com/index.php] Documentary on Radical Islam's War against the West

;Recent events
* [http://www.npr.org/dmg/dmg.php?prgCode=ATC&showDate=13-Feb-2006&segNum=2&NPRMediaPref=WM&getAd=1 NPR Coverage]
* [http://www.islamonline.com/cgi-bin/news_service/middle_east_full_story.asp?service_id=10561 Newspaper Article describing video and photographs]


{{War on Terrorism}}</br>
{{Asia in topic|Terrorism in}}


{{Acid tests}}
[[Category:2000s]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2001]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2002]]
[[Category:2003 in Iraq]]
[[Category:2003 Iraq conflict]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2003]]
[[Category:2004 in Iraq]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2004]]
[[Category:2005 in Iraq]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2005]]
[[Category:2006 in Iraq]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2006]]
[[Category:2007 in Iraq]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2007]]
[[Category:Al-Qaeda]]
[[Category:Anti-terrorism policy of the United States]]
[[Category:Counter-terrorism]]
[[Category:George W. Bush administration controversies]]
[[Category:History of Iraq]]


[[ar:أسيد2]]
[[ar:الحرب على الإرهاب]]
[[ca:Acid2]]
[[bg:Война срещу тероризма]]
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[[cy:Rhyfel ar Terfysgaeth]]
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[[da:Krigen mod terrorisme]]
[[es:Acid2]]
[[de:Krieg gegen Terror]]
[[fr:Acid2]]
[[es:Guerra contra el terrorismo]]
[[ko:Acid2]]
[[fr:Guerre contre le terrorisme]]
[[it:Acid2]]
[[he:המלחמה העולמית בטרור]]
[[nl:Acid2]]
[[hr:Rat protiv terorizma]]
[[ja:Acid2]]
[[id:Perang melawan Terorisme]]
[[no:Acid2]]
[[it:Guerra al terrorismo]]
[[ja:対テロ戦争]]
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[[no:Krigen mot terrorisme]]
[[pt:Guerra ao Terror]]
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[[sv:Acid webbläsartester#Acid2]]
[[sl:Boj proti terorizmu]]
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[[sv:Kriget mot terrorismen]]
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[[vi:Chiến tranh chống khủng bố]]
[[yi:מלחמה קעגן טעראר]]

Revision as of 17:14, 10 October 2008

Acid2
This is the reference image for Acid2. In the real test, the nose becomes blue while the cursor is hovering over it.
Type of site
Web standards test
OwnerThe Web Standards Project
Created byIan Hickson
URLacid2.acidtests.org

Acid2 is a test page published and promoted by the Web Standards Project to identify web page rendering flaws in web browsers and other applications that render HTML. It was developed in the spirit of Acid1, a relatively narrow test of compliance with the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) standard, and was released on April 12, 2005. Like Acid1, the way a web browser renders the test is compared to a reference rendering. If the two match, the browser is considered to pass the test.

Acid2 tests aspects of HTML markup, CSS styling, PNG images, and data URIs. It should render correctly on any application that follows the World Wide Web Consortium and Internet Engineering Task Force specifications for these technologies. The idea is that if both web sites and web browsers follow agreed-upon industry standards, then any web site will work the same in any web browser.

On October 31, 2005, Safari 2.0.2 became the first browser to pass the test. Opera, Konqueror, Firefox, and others followed. The only major browser that does not yet pass the test is Internet Explorer, although an Acid2-compliant version of the browser is in development.

Name

Acid2 is a short for "Acid test #2". During the the gold rush of the 1850s, an acid test was a test designed to testify weather a given (excavated or found) metal is indeed gold.

Acid test was "the" test of the time, since it was decisive, immediate, cheap and extremely simple to perform. An analogy is drawn from this historical test to the modern test - if a browser passes the acid test it is approved, very much in the same manner that if a metal passes the acid test it is accepted.

History

Ian Hickson, the author of the test

Acid2 is the brainchild of Håkon Wium Lie, chief technical officer of Opera Software and creator of the widely-used Cascading Style Sheets web standard.[1] Together with a colleague, Ian Hickson, he created the first draft of Acid2 in February 2005.[2] Acid2 was first publicly announced on March 16, 2005 in a CNET article where Lie challenged Microsoft to design Internet Explorer 7, then in development, to pass the test.[3]

Ian Hickson coded the actual test in collaboration with the Web Standards Project and the larger web community.[3][4][5][6] It was officially released on April 13, 2005[7] and at that time, every web browser failed it spectacularly.[8]

In July 2005, Chris Wilson, the Internet Explorer Platform Architect responded by calling Acid2 a "wish list" of features and said that while the test was important to Microsoft, Acid2 compliance was not a priority for Internet Explorer 7.[9] Microsoft later joined other browser makers and Internet Explorer 8 is expected to pass the test.[10]

The smiley face of the first version of Acid2. Note that due to problems in this version of the test, the mouth is too close to the nose and the text "ERROR" appears.

On April 23, 2005, Acid2 was updated to fix a bug that made the mouth appear too close to the nose.[11][12] After several complaints, the test was again updated in January 2006 to remove a test for unpopular SGML-style comments that were never widely implemented.[2]

In March 2008, Ian Hickon released Acid3 as a follow-up to Acid2. While Acid2 primarily tests CSS, Acid3 focuses more on JavaScript and other "Web 2.0" technologies.[13]

Overview of standards tested

Acid2 tests a variety of web standards published by the World Wide Web Consortium and the Internet Engineering Task Force. All web standards tested were codified before the year 2000.[14][15][16][17] Specifically, Acid2 tests:[18]

  • Alpha transparency in PNG-format images: The eyes of the smiley face use alpha transparency which is part of the 1996 Portable Network Graphics specification. The alpha transparency provides an elegant way to have the eyebrows smoothly blend into the face. This was a significant issue because Internet Explorer 6, the most widely used web browser at the time Acid2 was released,[19] did not support alpha transparency. This deficiency was rectified in Internet Explorer 7, bringing Internet Explorer in line with other web browsers in this regard.[20]
  • The object element: The eyes also test support of the HTML object element. The object element has been a part of HTML since HTML 4 was released in 1998,[21] yet by 2005 it still was not completely supported in all web browsers. The creators of Acid2 considered object element support important because it allows for content fallback; in other words, if the specified object fails to load then alternative (generally simpler, more reliable) content can be presented instead.
  • data URIs: The actual images that form the eyes are encoded as data URIs. Data URIs allow embedding multimedia directly into web pages rather than being stored as a separate file. Acid2 tests the most common case, where a binary image is base64-encoded into text and then that encoded text is included in a data URI in the web page. Interestingly, although the specification for data URIs was published in 1998,[16] it was never formally adopted as a web standard. Nonetheless, the data URI scheme has become a de facto web standard implemented by most browsers.
  • Absolute, relative, and fixed CSS positioning: Absolute positioning means that the web developer specifies the exact X and Y coordinates where an element is to be placed into the page. Relative positioning means that the web developer specifies an X and Y offset from the usual position of the element. Fixed positioning means that the element is placed relative to the browser window, and scrolls with the window rather than with the rest of the page.[22]
  • The CSS box model: This feature allows specifying dimensions, padding, borders, and margins,[23] and was the focus of the original Acid1 test.[18] Acid2 not only retests margin support but also tests minimum and maximum heights and widths, features new to CSS 2.0.
  • CSS table formatting: This part of CSS allows applying table formatting without traditional HTML table markup.
  • CSS generated content: Using CSS generated content, web developers can add decorations and annotations to specified elements without having to add the content to each one individually.
  • CSS parsing: A number of illegal CSS statements are present in Acid2 to test error handling. Standards-compliant browsers are expected to handle these errors as the CSS specification directs. This helps ensure cross-browser compatibility by making all browsers treat CSS with the same level of strictness, so that what works in one browser should not cause errors in another.
  • Paint order: Acid2 requires that the browser have standard paint order, that is, overlapping elements should be placed or painted on top of each other in the correct order.
  • Hovering effects: When the user moves their mouse over the smiley face's nose, it turns blue. This is called a hovering effect, and while it has traditionally been used for hyperlinks, it should work on a wide variety of HTML elements.[24]

Because Acid2 is not a comprehensive test, it does not guarantee total conformance with any particular standard. A variant of the Acid2 test that does not test for data URI support is also available from the Web Standards Project.[18]

Passing conditions

A passing score is only considered valid if the browser's default settings were used. Actions such as changing font sizes, zoom level, and applying user stylesheets can break the display of the test. This is expected and is not relevant to a browser's compliance.[25]

The following browser settings and user actions invalidate the test:[25][26]

  • Scrolling
  • Resizing the browser window
  • Zooming in or out
  • Disabling images
  • Using Opera's Fit to width or Small Screen Rendering modes
  • Applying custom fonts, colors, styles, etc.
  • User JavaScript or Greasemonkey scripts

Compliant applications

Acid2 as rendered by compliant applications

If rendered correctly, Acid2 will appear as a smiley face below the text "Hello World!" in the user's browser, with the nose turning blue when the mouse cursor hovers over it. At the time of the test's release every browser failed it,[8] but now a number of applications pass the test:

Officially released

In development

Non-compliant applications

In July 2005, Chris Wilson, the Internet Explorer Platform Architect, stated that passing Acid2 was not a priority for Internet Explorer 7, describing the test as a "wish list" of features rather than a true test of standards compliance.[27] In December 2007, Microsoft announced that all the changes required to pass Acid2 would be made available in Internet Explorer 8, but that the changes would not be turned on by default, meaning that IE8 would not actually pass the test.[28][29] Then in March 2008 Microsoft released IE8 beta 1 and turned on the changes by default after all,[30] but another unresolved standards compliance issue prevented it from passing in some cases.[31][32][33] Microsoft released IE8 beta 2 in August 2008, which resolved the issue, however in IE8 beta 2 standards mode is not turned on by default for pages loaded in the "Intranet Zone". This zone is active for pages loaded via UNC Paths, named addresses without dots (eg. http://mysite/) and sites that bypass the proxy settings.[34] As such, IE8 will not pass the Acid2 test if loaded in these cases.[35]

Even though Opera Mini is based on the same rendering engine as Opera for personal computers, it does not pass the Acid2 test.[36][37] This is because Opera Mini intentionally reformats web pages to try and make them more suitable for devices with small screens.[25][38][39]

As of September 2008, approximately 78% of the Web browser market share does not pass the Acid2 test.[40]

Timeline of passing applications

The following is a list of releases noting significant releases of applications that passed the test. New applications that have passed Acid2 since their first official release are not included in the timeline.

Date Browser Availability Notes
27 April 2005 Safari private build[41]
18 May 2005 iCab private build[42] This build was made available to registered iCab users on May 20, 2005.
4 June 2005 Konqueror private build[43]
6 June 2005 iCab public build[42] This version of iCab displays a scrollbar on the viewport. Although some state that a correctly rendered test should not have a scrollbar,[44] that feature is not part of the test, and merely a way to prevent the user from scrolling.[45]
7 June 2005 Safari source code available[46] WebKit, the underpinnings of Safari, was made open source on June 7, 2005. When Safari was run with this latest version of WebKit, it passed the Acid2 test.
31 October 2005 Safari 2.0.2 official release[47][48] Included in Mac OS X 10.4.3. First officially released web browser to pass test.
29 November 2005 Konqueror 3.5 official release[49] First Linux-compatible browser to pass the test, except for hiding the scrollbar.
7 December 2005 Prince 5.1 official release[50] First non-web browser to pass test.
10 March 2006 Opera public weekly build[51][52] First Microsoft Windows-compatible browser to pass the test and also the first Linux-compatible browser to fully pass the test. A public beta was released on April 20, also successful.[53][54]
28 March 2006 Konqueror 3.5.2 official release[55] Although previous releases passed, their compliance was questioned because they showed scrollbars. This version did not show the scrollbars.
12 April 2006 Mozilla Firefox public nightly build[56] The "reflow branch" nightly builds, whose code was branched from the Gecko 1.9/Firefox 3.0 trunk and was merged back into the trunk on December 8, 2006.[57]
24 May 2006 Opera Mobile for Symbian OS private build[58] First mobile browser to pass test.
20 July 2006 OmniWeb 5.5 beta 1 public build[59][60][61] OmniWeb switches its rendering engine to WebKit, the same rendering engine used in Safari which already passed the Acid2 test
20 June 2006 Opera 9.0 official release[62]
4 July 2006 Obigo Browser private build[63] Second mobile browser to pass test.
17 August 2006 iCab 3.0.3 official release[64] First public release that hides the scrollbars.
6 September 2006 OmniWeb 5.5 official release[59]
8 December 2006 Mozilla Firefox, Camino, SeaMonkey public nightly build[65] Firefox 3 reflow-refactoring branch lands on main Gecko trunk. Firefox/Camino/SeaMonkey trunk builds now pass Acid2, barring other regressions.
11 April 2007 Internet Channel official release[66][67][68]
24 October 2007 Prism 0.8 public build[69]
5 March 2008 Internet Explorer 8 Beta 1 public build[70] Beta 1 release passes the test when hosted at www.webstandards.org, but fails the test when hosted at webstandards.org or acid2.acidtests.org.[31]
17 June 2008 Mozilla Firefox 3.0 official release[71][72]
27 August 2008 Internet Explorer 8 Beta 2 public build[73] Beta 2 release passes the test with all objects rendered properly

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acid2.

References

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External links


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