Émile young meat

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Young meat family grave from the Père-Lachaise cemetery

Émile Clément Jungfleisch (born December 21, 1839 in Paris , † April 24, 1916 ) was a French chemist and pharmacologist.

Life

Jungfleisch was the son of a manufacturer of furniture parts. The family came from Lorraine . He was a talented student and, after completing his bachelor's degree, went on to become a pharmacist in Paris and Heidelberg. He also attended the École supérieure de pharmacie. There he was (as well as at the College de France) assistant to Marcellin Berthelot . Then he won after a competition in 1863 an apprenticeship (intern) in one of the Paris hospitals, where he was mainly at the Hopital de la Pitié, where he distinguished himself during a cholera epidemic that he was waived the tuition fees. He then studied at the Sorbonne with a licentiate degree in physical sciences ( sciences physiques , which also included chemistry) in 1866 and obtained his doctorate in 1868 ( Recherches sur les dérivés chlorés de la benzine , on chlorinated derivatives of benzene). In 1869 he received his pharmacist diploma with the thesis Recherches sur les anilines chlorées . He then worked as a preparator for chemistry at the École supérieure de pharmacie, where he also held lectures on organic chemistry on behalf of Berthelot, and was chief of the travaux publiques de première année (the professorship for chemistry he had applied for was in 1873 to Alfred Riche (1829–1908)) and became Professor of Organic Chemistry in 1876. At the same time he was a tutor and curator of the scientific collections at the École polytechnique , but he was passed over in the professorship in favor of Edouard Grimaux (1835-1900), which is why he gave up his position there in 1881 in favor of a career at the Ecole superieure de pharmacie. He also taught at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers from 1888 , where he was appointed professor of chemistry in connection with industry in 1890, succeeding Eugène Péligot . In 1908 he succeeded his teacher Berthelot as professor of chemistry at the Collège de France , which he remained until 1916.

In 1909 he became a member of the Académie des Sciences and in 1913 an honorary member ( Honorary Fellow ) of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . From 1859 he was in the Paris Chemical Society (Société chimique de Paris), later the French Chemical Society . In 1874 and 1878 he was its vice-president and in 1879 its president. In 1883 he became president of the Société de Pharmacie de Paris. In 1880 he became a member of the Académie nationale de Medecine. In 1882 he became a member of the Commission for Public Health and Hygiene of the Departement de la Seine (Conseil d´hygiène publique et de salubrité du département de la Seine) and in 1890 its vice-president. In 1872 he received the Prix Jecker for organic chemistry from the Académie des Sciences. In 1880 he became a knight and in 1908 an officer of the Legion of Honor. In 1889 he became a member of the International Commission on Chemical Nomenclature.

Young meat was best known for the synthesis of optically active molecules (initially tartaric acid ), which, according to the research of Louis Pasteur, was actually expected to be reserved for living organisms. For this work from 1872/73 he received the Prix Jecker. In 1884 he responded to Pasteur's criticism of his results. In inorganic chemistry, for example, he developed an industrial process for the reduction of nitro compounds with tin salts and, as a collaborator of Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, was involved in the isolation of gallium (1876) on a large scale. In teaching, he was, like his teacher Berthelot, skeptical of atomic theory and only introduced it in the last edition of his Traité élémentaire de la chimie organique (with Berthelot).

His students included Jacques Curie , Eugène Léger and Marcel Delépine . He had been married to Marguerite Aboulard since 1874 but had no children. In 1943, his widow donated the Émile Jungfleisch Prix of the Académie des Sciences for organic chemistry or biochemistry , which (as of 2013) is endowed with 120,000 euros.

Jungfleisch, who spoke perfect German, also translated works by German chemists into French. From 1869 to 1910 he had a column in the Journal de pharmacie et de chimie, in which he reported on the progress made abroad.

literature

  • Biography in Laurence Lestel (editor) Itinéraires de chimistes: 1857-2007. 150 ans chimie en France avec les présidents de la SFC , EDP Sciences / SFC, 2007
  • Marcel Delépine Le professeur Èmile Jungfleisch (1839-1916) , Bulletin des sciences pharmacologiques, Volume 23, 1916, p. 338
  • Eugène Léger Notice on Young Meat , Bull. Soc. chim. France, Volume 21, 1917, p. 28

Fonts

  • with Marcellin Berthelot Traité élémentaire de la chimie organique , Paris, Dunod, 1872, 4th edition 1908
  • Manipulations de chimie. Guide pour les travaux pratiques de chimie de l´École superiéure de pharmacie de Paris , 2 volumes, Ballières, Paris 1886, 2nd edition 1893 (translated into Spanish in 1888)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF file) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed December 25, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Jungfleisch Sur le dédoublement des composés optiquement inactifs par compensation , Bull. Soc. chim. Paris, Volume 41, 1884, Pages 222-226, Sur la synthèse des composés doués du pouvoir rotatoire moléculaire , Bull. Soc. chim. Paris, Volume 41, 1884, pages 226-233
personal data
SURNAME Young meat, Émile
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Young meat, Émile Clément (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French chemist
DATE OF BIRTH December 21, 1839
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH April 24, 1916