Jacques Curie

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Jacques and Pierre Curie with their parents

Paul- Jacques Curie (born October 29, 1855 in Paris , † February 19, 1941 in Montpellier ) was a French physicist and professor of mineralogy at the University of Montpellier .

life and work

Jacques Curie was born as the first son of the doctor Eugène Curie (1827-1910) and his wife, the daughter of a manufacturer, Sophie-Claire Depouilly (1832-1897). Like his brother Pierre Curie , who was about three years his junior , he was raised by his father and did not go to school. During his studies, Jacques Curie worked as an assistant to Alfred Riche (1829–1908) and Émile Jungfleisch (1839–1916), after graduating as a laboratory assistant to Charles Friedel . There began a fruitful collaboration with his brother Pierre Curie. They improved the quadrant electrometer and invented an electrometer that Marie Curie later used in her research on polonium and radium . They also discovered piezoelectricity in 1880 , for which they were awarded the Prix Gaston Planté of the Académie des sciences in 1895 .

In 1883 Jacques Curie became lecturer in mineralogy in Montpellier and the collaboration between the brothers was over. From 1887 to 1890 Curie studied the mineralogy of Algeria and published a study of igneous rocks in Algeria with Georges-Barthélemy-Médéric Flamand. On June 30, 1888, he defended his dissertation on investigating the conductivity of crystallized bodies. Back in Montpellier, he taught mineralogy and geology for two years, then only mineralogy. In 1904 he became a professor of mineralogy and from 1911 he was a member of the university council. In 1925 he retired.

In 1896 he married Virginie Masson, with whom he already had two children: their daughter Madeleine (born November 7, 1886 in Paris; † 1988) and their son Maurice Curie (born October 12, 1888 in Paris; † 1946), who was also a professor of physics has been.

In 2004 the Republic of Chad honored the Curie brothers with a stamp.

Publications

  • with Pierre Curie: Développement, par pression, de l'électricité polaire dans les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . Volume 91, 1880, pp. 294-295
  • with Pierre Curie: Sur l'électricité polaire dans les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées. In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . Volume 91, 1880, p. 383
  • with Pierre Curie: Lois du dégagement de l'électricité par pression dans la tourmaline . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . Volume 92, 1881, p. 186
  • with Pierre Curie: Sur les phénomènes électriques de la tourmaline et des cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . Volume 92, 1881, p. 350
  • with Pierre Curie: Les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées, comme sources constantes d'électricité . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . Volume 93, 1881, pp. 204-207
  • with Pierre Curie: Contractions et dilatations produites par des tensions électrique dans les hémièdres à faces inclinées . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . Volume 93, 1881, pp. 1137-1140
  • with Pierre Curie: Déformation électriques du quartz . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . Volume 95, 1882, p. 914
  • with Charles Friedel: Sur la pyroélectricité du quartz . In: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Revue des travaux scientifiques (Paris). Volume 4, 1884, p. 343
  • Sur le pouvoir inducteur spécifique et la conductibilité des diélectriques. Relation entre la conductibilité et le pouvoir absorbant . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . Volume 103, 1886, p. 928
  • Research on le pouvoir inducteur spécifique et sur la conductibilité des corps cristalliss . Dissertation, Paris 1888
  • Research on le pouvoir inducteur spécifique et la conductibilité des corps cristallisés . In: Annales de chimie et de physique . 1889, 6th Series, Volume 17, pp. 385-434
  • Research on the conductibility of the corps cristallisés (deuxième mémoire) . In: Annales de chimie et de physique . 1889, 6th series, Volume 18, pp. 203-268
  • Electric dilation of quartz . In: Journal de Physique, 2e série, VIII, 149, 1889
  • with G. Flamand: Suivie d'une Etude succincte sur les roches éruptives de cette région . In: Carte géologique de l'Algérie. Explication de la deuxième édition de la carte geologique provisoire de l'Algérie au 1 / 800,000e . Impr. P. Fontana, Alger 1889

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Salié (Ed.): Biographical-literary concise dictionary for the history of the exact natural sciences . Volume 7b. Part 2, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1968, pp. 944f. and Hans Wußing (Ed.): Biographical-literary concise dictionary for the history of the exact natural sciences . Volume 8, part 1, Wiley-VCH, Berlin 1999, p. 767, ISBN 3-527-40141-5
  2. ↑ Illustration of the postage stamp ( Memento of the original from July 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de

literature

  • Karl Rolf Seufert: Magic of blue light . Loewe, Bindlach 1989, ISBN 3-7855-2272-X
  • Y. Chatelain: Curie (Jacques) . In: J. Balteau (Ed.): Dictionnaire de Biographie Française. Volume 9, Letouzey et Ané, Paris 1961, column 1399f.
  • Arthur von Oettingen (Ed.): JC Poggendorffs biographical-literary concise dictionary for the history of the exact sciences . Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig 1904, p. 286f.
  • Hans Stobbe (Ed.): JC Poggendorff Biographical-literary concise dictionary ... Volume 6, Part 1, Verlag Chemie GmbH, Berlin 1936, p. 499
  • Hans Salié (ed.): Biographical-literary concise dictionary for the history of the exact natural sciences . Volume 7b. Part 2, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1968, p. 945
  • Jean Wyart: Pierre Curie . In: Charles Coulston Gillispie: Dictionary of Scientific Biography . Volume 3, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1971, pp. 503-508
  • Anna Hurwic: Pierre Curie . Flammarion, Paris 1995, pp. 19f., ISBN 2-08-211562-3
  • Marie Curie: Pierre Curie . 1955
  • Éclair de Montpellier . February 20 and 21, 1941
  • Necrology by C. Fabry. In: Cahiers de physique . 1941, June issue

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Curie, Jacques
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Curie, Paul-Jacques
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH October 29, 1855
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH February 19, 1941
Place of death Montpellier