Charles Friedel

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Charles Friedel

Charles Friedel (born March 12, 1832 in Strasbourg , † April 20, 1899 in Montauban ) was a French chemist.

Together with his friend James Mason Crafts , he discovered the Friedel-Crafts alkylation and Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction types, named after both types of reaction .

Life

Friedel studied natural sciences in Strasbourg from 1850 and continued his studies after a break in 1852 at the Sorbonne . From 1856 to 1870 he worked as a curator of the mineral collection of the École des Mines . During this time he deepened his chemical knowledge under Charles Adolphe Wurtz in the laboratory of the École de médecine. In 1860 he met James Mason Crafts here . After receiving his doctorate in 1869, he took a position as a lecturer at the École normal supérieure in 1871 . In 1876 he was appointed professor of mineralogy at the Sorbonne. In 1884 he took over the professorship for organic chemistry from the late Charles Adolphe Wurtz.

From 1889 he was also president of a commission to reform the nomenclature of organic compounds.

In 1878 he was elected a member of the Académie des Sciences . In 1883 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . From 1894 he was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg .

He was married to Emilie Koechlin (1837–1871). Charles Friedel was the father of the mineralogist and crystallographer Georges Friedel (1865–1933), his only son. The zoologist Georges Louis Duvernoy was his maternal grandfather.

Services

  • 1857–1866 Clarification of the structure of the ketones . (Dissertation)
  • Discovery of secondary and tertiary alcohols , parallel to Aleksandr Michajlowitsch Butlerow
  • 1863–1870 works on the chemical valency and atomic mass of silicon . In the following years, production of oxygen-free silicon compounds.
  • 1872 Glycerine synthesis with isopropyl alcohol as the starting material
  • In 1877 Friedel and Crafts discovered the catalytic effect of inorganic halogen compounds for the production of alkylated and acetylated aromatics (Friedel-Crafts reaction).
  • Structure elucidation of lactic acid and pinacon ( pinacolon )
  • First descriptions of the minerals wurtzite (1861), adamin (1866) and delafossite (1873)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Charles Friedel obituary at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (PDF file)
  2. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Charles Friedel. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed October 31, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Genealogy
  4. ↑ Max Bauer: Charles Friedel. In: Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, year 1900, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1900, p. 53 archive
  5. ↑ archive.org - Full text of "A dictionary of the names of minerals Including Their history and etymology" (English)

literature

personal data
SURNAME Friedel, Charles
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French chemist
DATE OF BIRTH March 12, 1832
PLACE OF BIRTH Strasbourg
DATE OF DEATH April 20, 1899
Place of death Montauban