heading

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A heading is generally the briefest possible, concise name for a work or section. A distinction must headings of books or property titles as well as the prelims .

journalism

For the journalistic headline , Wolf Schneider coined the phrase that it was “the news above the news”. If it stands as a name for an entire work, it is more likely to be referred to as a title (e.g. book title and film title ).

In books , headings with a sentence or a word indicate the following content of a chapter. They also announce contributions within a collective work. Chapter headings can be arranged in a table of contents, numbered and hierarchically arranged and thus structured .

Word processing

The formatting of a paragraph to a heading is possible in various programs, whereby additional functions or heading functions (see below) are provided depending on the software used. Classic programs that can manage headings are

Graphics programs such as B. Corel Draw , video editing or image processing programs such. B. Adobe Photoshop can process texts and, if necessary, format them differently, but do not differentiate functionally between normal text and headings.

Heading functions

  • Structuring: Depending on the software, different views of the document are available in which, for example, only the headings can be displayed without the associated text. Headings can be clearly moved and rearranged, so that the associated text is always moved in the background.
  • Hierarchies: Depending on the software, different hierarchy levels are provided for headings. Usually there are 8 levels.
  • Numbering: Depending on the software, all headings can be numbered using different methods. There are often numbers, letters, Roman numerals and combinations of these to choose from.
  • Directories: Depending on the software, tables of contents can be created automatically. These are usually found at the beginning of a document and show the text of the heading and the respective page number.

When exporting to a PDF file, some programs create a clickable table of contents from the headings, which enables the reader to quickly navigate the PDF file.

  • References: Depending on the software, automatic page references can be inserted in a text to another text passage. The selection menu for this reference shows, among other things, the headings.

Headline typography

The design elements of a headline essentially consist of five elements:

  • Distance above
  • Line spacing (for multi-line headings)
  • Font (type and size)
  • Distance below
  • Lines

In addition to these formatting options, high-quality programs also offer other functions for headings:

  • Link with following paragraph: This prevents a page break from separating a heading from the following text.
  • Change of column beforehand: This means that a heading is always at the beginning of a column in a multi-column layout
  • Column change after: This means that the following text always starts in the next column next to the heading
  • Page change above: This means that a heading is always at the beginning of a page
  • Page change afterwards: This means that the following text always begins on the next page (this is used, for example, in extensive documents where a chapter heading is on one page and the following text begins on a new page)
  • Page change above / after to the next even / odd page: With this additional function, in addition to the two functions above, you can determine whether a heading should always be on the left or right.
  • Suppress line breaks: This means that the following paragraph starts on the same line next to the heading.

All these definitions are saved in format templates (also called styles) and make it possible to assign the same look and position to all headings (of a certain level) of a document. The skilful combination of all mentioned formatting and functions allows specialist books or magazines to be laid out in a very short time, whereby the basis is always the processing of headings.

Technical text markup

In HTML text with tags <h1>…</h1> to <h6>…</h6>a headline awarded (to English heading , heading '). The Open Document Format , another XML markup language, is used <define name="text-h">…</define>with additional nodes, with the hierarchy being defined by <attribute name="text:outline-level"> <ref name="positive "/></attribute>integer. MediaWiki - this is the wiki syntax in which Wikipedia is written and which is then translated into HTML - used == … ==or === … ===etc. for this purpose.

Headline markup has three important functions:

  • Formatting : Is always preset in a web browser , but can also be modified using stylesheets .
  • In most markup languages, a heading is automatically a label (in URL format, for example Seitentitel#Überschrift, in the case of this article, #Technical markup ).
  • Software-based creation of a table of contents in the sense of the book system: The hierarchical text structure is automatically derived from the definition as a heading.

See also

literature

Web links

Wiktionary: Heading  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heading in the SELFHTML Wiki
  2. ↑ Open Document Format for Office. Applications (OpenDocument) v1.0. OASIS Standard, 1 May 2005. (PDF) 4.1 Headings, Paragraphs and Basic Text Structure , p. 66 (English).
  3. ↑ Help: Headline (Wikipedia)