Ōmori Harutoyo

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Ōmori Harutoyo. Photo by the court photographer Oscar Roloff, Berlin 1898

Ōmori Harutoyo ( Japanese 大 森 治 豊 ; * December 20, 1852 in Edo (Japan), † February 19, 1912 in Fukuoka ) was a Japanese surgeon and founding president of the College of Medicine in Fukuoka (today Faculty of Medicine, Kyūshū University ).

biography

Ōmori was born towards the end of the Edo period as the son of the feudal doctor Ōmori Kaishun ( 大 森 快 春 ) in Edo in the settlement of the fiefdom Kaminoyama ( 上山 藩 ), Dewa province , but grew up in Dewa, where his father the liege lord Matsudaira Nobumichi served. He first visited the local Lehnsschule Meishinkan ( 明新館 ). After the Meiji Restoration , he switched to the "Higher School South" ( 大学 南 校 , Daigaku Nankō ) in Tokyo in 1869 , which under Guido Verbeck especially promoted foreign language education. From there he moved to the Tokyo Medical School, which was soon converted into the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo . Here he belonged to the first year of a total of 21 medical students who were trained entirely according to the western pattern. On his diploma from October 1879 we find the names of a number of foreign contractors ( O-yatoi gaikokujin ) who, at the invitation of the government, laid the foundations for the modernization of science and technology: the military doctor Dr. Emil August Wilhelm Schultze (1840–1924), the internist Dr. Erwin von Bälz (1849–1913), the pharmacologist Dr. Alexander Langaard (1847–1917), the physiologist Dr. Johann Ernst Tiegel (1849–1889) and the anatomists Dr. Hans Paul Bernhard Gierke (1847-1886). The training provided by these foreign teachers consumed large parts of the state budget, and their students were also lured into the regions as pioneers with considerable sums.

At the time of his graduation, Ōmori was actually intended for the Saiseikan Hospital in Yamagata , but he decided to accept the more generous offer from Fukuoka, where he took a position as a lecturer at the new "Fukuoka Medical School". In 1885 he rose to their president. When the school closed in late March 1888, he was appointed director of the new Fukuoka Prefectural Hospital. In June 1889 he founded the "Medical Society Dark Ocean" ( Genyō Ikai ) to train doctors in Fukuoka Prefecture and began to publish the monthly magazine Kyōrin no shiori ("Medical Bookmark"). In 1885 he performed the first successful caesarean section in Japan together with Ikeda Yōichi. and in the course of the following years acquired a reputation as a gifted surgeon, especially with operations in the abdominal area. According to a report given at the annual surgeons' congress in 1905, he had had more than 300 gastric cancer operations by that time. In 1889 he received his doctorate. In early 1898 he went on a study trip to the United States.

In 1903, thanks to the activities of Ōmori and with strong financial support and lobbying work by local business, politics and the population in Fukuoka, a branch school of the Medical Faculty of the Imperial University of Kyoto called "Fukuoka Medical School" was founded. Of course, it was Ōmori who took over the office of president and clinic director and managed the establishment of the surgical department. In 1909, however, he suffered a cerebral haemorrhage. A few months later he retired from running the hospital. In December of that year he finally retired from university service. During the seven years at the Medical School in Fukuoka he had made great contributions to the modernization of surgery in teaching and practice as well as in the preparations for the establishment of the Imperial University of Kyushu . In 1906 he was given a traditional court rank. In 1909 the Order of the Holy Treasure followed (4th grade). In 1910 the Kyushu University honored him with a memorial. On the occasion of his death, he was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun (4th grade).

Ōmori died of a kidney disorder in 1912 at the age of 61 and was buried after funeral ceremonies with more than 2000 participants in an elaborate tomb in the cemetery of the Sōfuku temple next to the Faculty of Medicine . On August 27th, his adopted son and heir Ōmori Hinoe ( 丙 ) donated 500 gold yen from the bequest to the university to promote medical studies.

  • Memorial stone on Ōmori Street ( Ōmori dōri ) in front of the Medical History Museum of Kyūshū University (Maidashi campus)

  • Statue of Ōmori near the university hospital

  • Kyōrin no shiori , No. 11/12, 1899

  • Tomb of Ōmori Harutoyo in Sōfuku Temple

literature

  • Kobayashi, Akira: "Kyōrin no shiori" kara mita Kyūdai sōritsu zengo (The founding years of the University of Kyūshū in the magazine "Kyōrin no Shiori"). Kyūshū-daigaku daigaku shiryōshitsu nyūsu , No. 23, 2004, pp. 1–4 ( 小林 晶 「杏林 之 栞 か ら み た た 九大 創立 前後」 『九州 大学 大学 資料室 ニ ュ ー ス』 )
  • Kyūshū-daigaku sōritsu 50shūnen kinenkai (ed.): Kyūshū-daigaku 50nen shi - gakujutsushi (50 years of Kyūshū University - scientific part). Fukuoka 1967 ( 九州 大学 創立 五十 周年 記念 会 『九州 大学 50 年 史 学術 史』 )
  • Kyūshū-daigaku daigaku shiryōshitsu (ed.): Kyūshū-daigaku hyakunen-shi - shashin-shū (photo collection 100 years of Kyūshū University). Fukuoka, 2011, pp. 10–17 ( 九州 大学 大学 資料 『九州 大学 百年 史 写真 集』 )
  • Satō, Hiroshi: Fukuoka Ika-daigaku sōsetsusha Ōmori Harutoyo (Ōmori Harutoyo, the founder of the Fukuoka Medical School). Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi , Vol. 48, No. 3 (2002), pp. 350f. ( 佐藤 裕 「福岡 医科大学 創設 者 ・ 大 森 治 豊」 『日本 医 史学 雑 誌』 )
  • Satō, Hiroshi: Kyōto Teikoku-daigaku Fukuoka Ika-daigaku kara Kyūshū Teikoku-daigaku e no michinori (From the Fukuoka Medical School of the Imperial University of Kyoto to the Imperial University of Kyushu). Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi , Vol. 49, No. 1 (2003), pp. 6–10 ( 佐藤 裕 「京都 帝国 大学 福岡 医科大学 か ら 九州 帝国 大学 大学 へ の 道 の り」 『『 日本 医 史学 雑 誌 』 )
  • Shibuya, Mitsuo: Kaminoyama kyōdoshi (home history of Kaminoyama). Yamagata Kappansha, 1927, p. 77 ( 渋 谷 光 雄 『上山 郷 土 史』 山形 活版 社 )
  • Uruno, Katsuya: Iketsu Ōmori sensei no shōgai (The life of the outstanding physician Ōmori). Private print, 1961 ( 宇 留 野 勝 彌 編 『医 傑 大 森 先生 の 生涯』 )

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ diploma for Ōmori Harutoyo issued by Ikeda kensai, Dean of the Medical Faculty of the University of Tokyo, October 1878 (Collection of the University Kyushu).
  2. ^ Name formation probably based on the "Dark Sea" ( Genkai-nada ) in the north of Kyūshū. It is not clear whether the association with the nationalist organization Gen'yōsha was intentional.
  3. ↑ The doctors Okabe Kinpei (untern 部 均 平 ) and Ikoda Jundō ( 伊 古田 純 道 ) performed the first caesarean section in Japan in 1852. The mother survived the operation, but the child died.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Shibuya (1927), p. 130
  2. ↑ Yamagata-shi Ishikai-shi hensaniinkai (ed.): Yamagata Ishikai-shi (History of the Yamagata Medical Society). Part 1, Yamagata, 1979, p. 139 ( 山形 市 医師 会 史 編纂 委員会 編 『山形 市 医師 会 史 前 編 )
  3. ↑ Kobayashi (2004), p. 2.
  4. ↑ Yomiuri-Shinbun Yamagata-shikyoku (Ed.): Yamagata shin jinkokki (New Presentation of Personalities from Yamagata), Volume 1. Yamagata, 1978, pp. 188 ff. ( 読 売 新聞 山形 支局 編 『山形 新人 国 記』 上 )
  5. ↑ Kyūshū Daigaku 50nen shi (1967), p. 81; Satō (2003).
  6. ↑ Kyūshū Daigaku 50nen shi (1967), p. 81.
  7. ↑ Government Gazette ( Kanpō ), No. 7105, December 28, 1906.
  8. ^ The Kyushu Imperial University Calendar, 1924, p. 154.
Japanese name: As is common in Japan, the family name comes before the first name in this article . So Ōmori is the family name, Harutoyo the first name.
personal data
SURNAME Ōmori, Harutoyo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES 大 森 治 豊 (Japanese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Japanese surgeon, founding president of Fukuoka Medical School
DATE OF BIRTH December 20, 1852
PLACE OF BIRTH Edo , Japan
DATE OF DEATH February 19, 1912
Place of death Fukuoka , Japan