Wilhelm Schultze (surgeon)
Emil August Wilhelm Schultze (born March 28, 1840 in Berlin , † June 16, 1924 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German surgeon. As a "foreign contractor" ( o-yatoi gaikokujin ) he made a significant contribution to the introduction of modern medicine in Japan.
Life
Schultze was born in Berlin as the son of a businessman. Since his mother died in childbed, he was raised by relatives. He attended the French grammar school in Berlin , which he left in 1859 as Primus Omnium with the school leaving certificate. He then entered the medical-surgical Friedrich Wilhelms Institute as a trainee . In 1861 he became a member of the Pépinière-Corps Franconia. On July 18, 1863, he received his doctorate at the Charité with a thesis on trichinella . He began his professional career as a junior physician in the royal Charité , but switched to the Magdeburg Infantry Regiment in 1854.
Prussian Army
During the German war he served as an assistant doctor in the field hospital of the IV Army Corps in Bohemia and Moravia . This was followed by three years as a teacher at the Friedrich Wilhelms Institute in Berlin. He experienced the end of the Franco-Prussian War as a medical officer and chief physician of the 1st field hospital in Versailles .
From October 1871 to April 1872 he went on a six-month trip to Great Britain. In Edinburgh he studied with Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister (1827-1912), the antiseptic wound treatment. Deeply impressed, he brought Lister's associations (Carbolmull) to Berlin. He reported at a meeting of the Military Medical Society in April 1872. This lecture appeared in Volkmann's collection of clinical lectures in February of the following year . In 1872 Schultze became the first assistant at the Surgical Clinic of the Charité with Heinrich Adolf von Bardeleben (1819–1895). Bardeleben, who had experienced the use of the antiseptic bandage by Schultze, was quickly convinced of its effects and, in agreement with Richard von Volkmann, helped antisepsis to break through in Germany at the third congress of the German Society for Surgery (April 10, 1874) .
Japan
Schultze's military background, as well as his knowledge of antisepsis, probably tipped the scales that the Japanese government invited him to Tokyo in October 1874 . Here he succeeded Benjamin Karl Leopold Müller , who had made a groundbreaking contribution to the introduction of German medicine at the Medical Academy ( Tōkyō igakkō ), which later became the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo . During the years in the Far East, Schultze was on leave from the War Ministry.
Schultze reached Japan in December 1874 with the internist Albrecht Ludwig Agathon Wernich (1843-1896). In addition to lectures on surgery and anatomy, he occasionally gave introductions to ophthalmology . It was through him that Lister's antisepsis was introduced to Japan. The development of a modern medical education took place in great leaps and bounds. During the first three years of his stay, the number of medical students rose from 324 to 951. The classrooms were relocated to new buildings. The library's holdings grew to around 10,000 mostly German-language volumes.
Schultze's contract was extended on favorable terms. During a short home vacation, he married in Berlin. In the following years, the first students, whose training Müller had started according to the German curriculum, passed their final exams. The best were sent to Germany for further training. Miyake Hiizu ( 三 宅 秀 ), who also translated the lecture texts , made a name for himself among Schultze's students . In 1881 the contract expired in Japan. In recognition of his services, Schultze received the Order of the Rising Sun from the Meiji-Tennō .
Szczecin and Freiburg
After his return, he initially served with the rank of senior staff doctor in the grenadier regiment in Berlin. In 1882, following recommendations from Volkmann and Bardeleben, he went to the Stettin Municipal Hospital as chief physician and director in 1890 . In 1889 he resigned from this office due to dissatisfaction with the insufficient funding, but remained in Stettin as a medical advisor and general practitioner . After giving up his practice in 1900, he moved with his family to Freiburg im Breisgau. During the First World War , he was reactivated regardless of his old age. He served in several Freiburg hospitals. He died with 87 years at a pneumonia .
Fonts
- Lectures on special surgery given in the Medical Academy in Tokyo . Japan 2541 [= 1881]
- General surgery lectures . Tokyo: H. Kawahara, 1880
- Lectures in ophthalmology . Tokyo: Insatsukyoku, 1878–1882 ( Ganka-hen , 『眼科 篇』 )
literature
- Toska Ezekiel born Schultze (ed.): A German surgeon and his wife in Japan 100 years ago: letters from Dr. Wilhelm Schultze and his wife Emma geb. Wegscheider to parents Dr. Wegscheider in Berlin from Japan 1878–1881 . Lübeck: Toska Eesekiel [self-published], 1980.
- Hermann Heinrich Vianden: The introduction of German medicine in Japan during the Meiji period . Düsseldorf: Triltsch Verlag, 1985, pp. 186-189.
- Rüdiger Döhler , Thaddäus Zajaczkowski : Wilhelm Schultze - "Lister's Apostle" in Germany and Japan . Surgical General, 21st year (2020).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 60/12
- ↑ Dissertation: De Trichiniasi . Schade, Berlin 1863
- ↑ About Lister's antiseptic wound treatment based on personal experience . Volkmann's Collection of Clinical Lectures, No. 52, 1873
- ^ Johanna Bleker, Volker Hess: The Charité - history (s) of a hospital . 2010, p. 118
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schultze, Wilhelm |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Schultze, Emil August Wilhelm (full name); シ ュ ル ツ ェ (Japanese) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German surgeon and medical officer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 28, 1840 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Berlin |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 16, 1924 |
| Place of death | Freiburg in Breisgau |