ε-globin

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Ε-globin
Ε-globin
Structure of ε-globin in the homotetramer
Cofactor Hamm
Identifier
Gene name (s) HBE; HBE1
External IDs

ε-globin , epsilon-globin , or hemoglobin epsilon chain is a protein from the globins family , the 147 amino acid long polypeptide chain of which binds a heme as a cofactor and is part of the protein complex of embryonic hemoglobins - in Hb Gower-1 (ζ 2 ε 2 ) and in Hb Gower-2 (α 2 ε 2 ) -, the hemoglobin subunit epsilon ( HBE or HBE1 ).

The ε-globin is a component of hemoglobin variants that are formed in the embryonic period for the transport of oxygen . When people it is from HBB - gene encodes the gene cluster of the β-globin locus ( 5 '- hbe1 - hbg2 - hbg1 - HBD - HBB -3' ) on chromosome 11 is located. The expression of these very similar genes is regulated here via a common control region and is different depending on development. Depending on the development phase or cell environment, protein biosynthesis can be initiated by the corresponding ε, γ , δ or β globins . These proteins differ from one another only in a few amino acids of their 147 AA long chain; however, the hemoglobins made up of them show differences in oxygen - binding capacity .

function

In human embryogenesis , the gene for epsilon globin (HBE) is activated first. As early as the third week of development, cells in the blood islands of the yolk sac or umbilical cord vesicle, which are still extra- embryonic, form the first (embryonic) hemoglobins . These protein complexes are composed of four heme-binding globin subunits that are similar in pairs. In the case of embryonic hemoglobin “Hb Gower I”, the two pairs consist of an epsilon chain and a zeta chain - ζ 2 ε 2 ); with "Hb Gower II" it is epsilon chains and alpha chains - α 2 ε 2 . Both of these embryonic hemoglobins are later normally displaced by fetal hemoglobin (HbF - α 2 γ 2 ) and then by adult hemoglobins (HbA (1) - α 2 β 2 ; HbA 2 - α 2 δ 2 ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entrez Gene: HBE1 hemoglobin, epsilon 1 . Retrieved May 19, 2012.
  2. ↑ Higgs DR, Vickers MA, Wilkie AO, Pretorius IM, Jarman AP, Weatherall DJ: A review of the molecular genetics of the human alpha-globin gene cluster . In: Blood . 73, No. 5, May 1989, pp. 1081-104. PMID 2649166 .

literature

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