2000 watt society

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The 2000 Watt Society is an energy policy model that was developed as part of the Novatlantis program at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ). According to this vision, the energy requirements of every inhabitant of the earth should correspond to an average output of 2000 watts at the primary energy level.

model

The model of the 2000 Watt Society was created in the early 1990s in the vicinity of the ETHZ. In view of the increasing evidence of climate change , the question of how to design a sustainable and fair energy supply arose. The target value was set at 2000 watts per capita at the primary energy level.

The mentioned 2000 watts (2 kilojoules per second) correspond to the value of 2010 with a world annual consumption of 17,520 kWh (kilowatt hours) per person. If the model is calculated in more detail, this means: 2000 joules per second or 48 kilowatt hours per day or 17,520 kilowatt hours per year or a consumption of around 1700 liters of heating oil or gasoline (final energy) per year and person.

In 2011 the average energy requirement worldwide was around 2500 watts. But the differences between the countries are enormous: While it is a few hundred watts in developing countries, industrialized countries consume six to seven times more than the targeted 2000 watts. The model of the 2000-watt society aims for a globally fair distribution of energy consumption.

The sustainable energy consumption model is intended to reduce the annual emissions of greenhouse gases (especially carbon dioxide ). According to this model, 500 watts per capita should come from fossil fuels and an additional 1500 watts per capita from renewable energies . A 2000 watt society would be technically possible while maintaining the current lifestyle. If the energy mix is ​​changed in favor of renewable energies, this consumption would also be ecologically compatible.

implementation

The objective of a 2000 watt society is to be achieved by improving the efficiency of energy use on the basis of a modern lifestyle with innovative technical solutions, management concepts and social innovations, reducing energy consumption and substituting fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. Projects such as Minergie P or Passive House , for example, pursue the goal of a 2000 watt society. A core idea of ​​the 2000-watt society is that there is sufficient energy consumption ( sufficiency ). The world has only limited resources, so energy consumption cannot increase steadily. Above a certain threshold, more energy does not bring a higher quality of life.

criticism

The feasibility of the 2000 watt society is questioned by certain experts with reference to embodied energy in imported goods and rebound effects. A conceivable alternative would be the approach of a larger energy requirement than the 2000 watt model envisages, and a supply of larger quantities through renewable energies; In the future, the relationship between energy efficiency ( saving energy ) and additionally produced renewable energy ( sustainability ) will be largely determined by the market .

Switzerland

2000-watt accounting for Switzerland (specialist unit 2000-watt society)

The Switzerland currently has a value of steady power of about 5000 watts per resident / -in. You have to go back to the 1950s to see a consumption of 2000 watts. According to the ETHZ specialists, it is possible to return to this value in the medium term without sacrificing comfort. This is to be done primarily by increasing the efficiency of buildings, devices and vehicles, but also by developing new technologies. However, impulses from politics are also necessary to initiate such a development.

In Switzerland, various municipalities and cantons have now committed to the 2000 Watt Society and have initiated measures to implement it. The vision is to become reality by 2100, with some aiming for implementation by 2050. As a pioneer, the voters of the city of Zurich decided in the referendum on November 30, 2008 to change the municipal code, which aims to implement the 2000-watt society. With Lucerne (2011), Zug (2011), Aarau (2012), Dietikon (2012), Nidau (2012) and Winterthur (2012), other cities and municipalities have committed themselves in a referendum to implement the goals of the 2000 Watt Society .

The model of the 2000-watt society is now an essential part of the SwissEnergy program for municipalities and the label Energy City . With the SIA energy efficiency path, the goals of the 2000-watt society for the building sector were adopted. For areas there is the option of certification as a 2000 watt area.

Germany

For Germany the environmental umbrella association DNR in May 2011 presented a six-point plan for the transformation of the energy system with the aim of a 2000-watt society.

In April 2011 the city of Radolfzell decided to aim for a 2000 watt society by 2050. There are now ten municipalities in the Lake Constance area that have set themselves this goal. Four of them are in Germany. The city of Walldorf (Baden) has also set itself this goal.

See also

literature

  • Paul Kesselring, Carl-Jochen Winter: World Energy Scenarios: A Two-Kilowatt Society - Plausible Future or Illusion? PSI Energy Days, Villigen, Paul Scherrer Institute, 1994.
  • Daniel Spreng, Marco Semadeni: Energy, the environment and the 2000 watt society . Basis for a contribution to the final report on the Priority Program Environment (SPPU) of the Swiss National Fund (SNSF). CEPE Working Paper No. 11 December 2001.
  • Daniel Spreng et al .: The energy consumption window that is not a window. CEPE Working Paper No. 15 June 2002.
  • Eberhard Jochem et al .: Steps towards a sustainable development. A White Book for R&D of energy-efficient technologies. novatlantis, 2004 (English, online ).
  • Paul Scherrer Institute: The 2000 Watt Society: Norm or Guide? 2007 (online) .
  • EnergieSchweiz for municipalities: 2000 watt society accounting concept. September 2014 (online) .
  • Swiss Association of Engineers and Architects: SIA Energy Efficiency Path. 2011 edition.
  • Thomas Schneider: Core indicators for the sustainability of cities and cantons. 2003.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul Kesselring, Carl-Jochen Winter: Energy Scenarios: A Two-Kilowatt Society - Plausible Future or Illusion? Energietage 94: proceedings, 10th - 12th November 1994. Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 1995. pp. 103-116.
  2. ↑ 2000 watts - but for everyone! ( Memento from November 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ 2000 Watt Society: 2000 Watt - Global Consideration
  4. ↑ Lukas Gutzwiller: Excursus: 2000 Watt Society. ( Memento of the original from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfe.admin.ch archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Federal Office of Energy SFOE: The Energy Perspectives 2035: Excursions. Volume June 4, 2007. pp. 235-248.
  5. ↑ a b Eberhard Jochem et al .: Steps towards a sustainable development. A White Book for R&D of energy-efficient technologies. ( Memento from January 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Novatlantis, 2004.
  6. ↑ a b Daniel Spreng et al .: The energy consumption window that is not a window. ( Memento of January 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) CEPE Working Paper No. 15, June 2002.
  7. ^ Daniel Spreng, Marco Semadeni: Energy, Environment and the 2000 Watt Society. CEPE Working Paper No. 11, December 2001. doi : 10.3929 / ethz-a-004300072 .
  8. ^ Paul Kesselring, Carl-Jochen Winter: Energy Scenarios: A Two-Kilowatt Society - Plausible Future or Illusion? Energietage 94: proceedings, 10th - 12th November 1994. Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 1995. p. 105.
  9. ↑ Philip F. Palmedo: Energy Needs, Uses and Resources in Developing Countries. New York: Policy Analysis Division, National Center for Analysis of Energy Systems 1978.
  10. ↑ 2000 Watt Society: Facts & Figures
  11. ↑ 2000 Watt Society: Facts & Figures (accessed October 17, 2017)
  12. ^ Map of the energy cities with a commitment to the 2000 watt society
  13. ↑ Voting newspaper of the City of Zurich (PDF; 1.4 MB)
  14. ↑ 2000 Watt Society: Facts & Figures (accessed October 17, 2017)
  15. ↑ Certification 2000 watt area
  16. ↑ Six-point plan: The restructuring of the energy system in Germany ( Memento of July 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 253 kB)
  17. ↑ Naturschutzring advocates a 2,000 watt society ( memento from February 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) - dapd from May 3, 2011
  18. ↑ Energetic Rosskur for Radolfzell - Südkurier from April 20, 2011
  19. ↑ http://www.wirleben2000watt.com/
  20. ↑ http://www.walldorf.de/2010/index.php?seite=3383