World energy demand

The world energy demand is the amount of primary energy that is required worldwide each year. In 2014, the world primary energy demand was 574 exajoules (574 EJ, 13,699 megatons of oil equivalent ). This included an electricity generation of 21,963  TWh (79 EJ). When using this energy, around 32.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide were released. In 2010 the world energy demand was 505 EJ / a ( exajoules per year, 1 EJ = 10 ¹⁸ joules) or around 140  PWh / a ( petawatt hours per year, 1 PWh = 10 ¹⁵ Wh). The global demand for electrical energy makes up around 17% of this. 505 EJ per year correspond to an average total output of around 16.0 TW (1 TW = 10 ¹²  W) with a share of 2.7 TW in electrical energy.

In Germany in 2010 about 14 EJ (about 3.9 PWh) primary energy were needed. Among other things, around 580 TWh (1 TWh = 10 ¹²  Wh) were generated from electrical energy.

Energy demand by region

From 1990 to 2008, per capita energy demand increased by 10% while the world population grew by 27%. The world energy demand increased by 39%. The highest increases were in the Middle East with 170%, in China with 146% and in India with 91%. The USA, the EU-27 states and China accounted for 50% of the world's energy demand, with a population share of 32% (2008). The increase in consumption between 1990 and 2008 was 40.1 billion kWh. China accounted for 14.7 billion kWh, the Middle East 4.4 billion kWh and the USA 4.4 billion kWh.

In 2008 the energy demand of China and India, with 37% share of the world population, was 22.5% of the world energy demand. In 1990 it was 13.5% with an almost equal share of the population. The energy consumption per capita in India (6,280 kWh / capita) and China (18,608 kWh / capita) was below the world average (21,283 kWh / capita) (2008).

The average energy requirement in 2008 was 21,283 kWh / person, with the USA (87,216 kWh / person), Europe (40,821 kWh / person) and the Middle East (34,774 kWh / person) being significantly higher.

Energy demand by region (kWh per capita) and increase 1990–2008 (%)
	kWh / head			Population (million)			Demand (1,000 TWh)
	1990	2008	increase	1990	2008	increase	1990	2008	increase
United States	89.021	87,216	−2%	250	305	22%	22.3	26.6	20%
EU-27	40,240	40,821	1 %	473	499	5%	19.0	20.4	7%
middle East	19,422	34,774	79%	132	199	51%	2.6	6.9	170%
China	8,839	18.608	111%	1,141	1,333	17%	10.1	24.8	146%
Latin America	11,281	14,421	28%	355	462	30%	4.0	6.7	66%
Africa	7.094	7,792	10%	634	984	55%	4.5	7.7	70%
India	4,419	6,280	42%	850	1,140	34%	3.8	7.2	91%
Other 1	25,217	23,871	k. A.	1,430	1,766	23%	36.1	42.2	17%
world	19,422	21,283	10%	5,265	6,688	27%	102.3	142.3	39%
Source: IEA / OECD, population OECD / World Bank 1Others: summarized, u. a. Canada, Japan, Australia, rest of Asia

Energy imports and exports were also included.

Perspectives

According to calculations by the ethnologist Marshall Sahlins , global energy consumption per capita and year remained almost constant until the beginning of the industrial revolution .

The world energy demand is currently increasing sharply. The BP Energy Outlook expects global energy demand to increase by 37% by 2035 (= 1.4% per year). At the same time, CO ₂ emissions rose by 25%. The main reason is that by then the standard of living in up-and-coming developing and emerging countries - above all China and India - will have come close to the standard of living in the western industrialized nations. On the other hand, the USA and Europe will reduce their energy consumption by increasing efficiency and the USA in particular will increasingly be self-sufficient.

Around 85% of global energy needs are currently covered by fossil fuels . The reasons for this are both technological and economic in nature. According to the Copenhagen Consensus Center, the consumption of fossil fuels will continue to rise in the coming decades , regardless of current climate policy efforts . However, due to the limited fossil resources, the growing energy demand cannot even come close. Funding measures are therefore being launched around the world to tap renewable energies .

See also

• List of countries with the highest energy consumption
• Energy consumption , energy supply , energy costs
• Global oil production maximum , gas production maximum , coal production maximum

Web links

• Graphics: Worldwide energy consumption from: Figures and facts: Globalization , Federal Agency for Civic Education (bpb)
• Energy overview - a visual review of the production and consumption trends of the nations (data from the BP Statistical Review 2009; German, English)

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1. ↑ Key world energy statistics 2016. International Energy Agency, 2016, accessed January 24, 2020 (Stanford University website). 
2. ^ BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2011 full report. (PDF; 8.2 MB) Retrieved January 24, 2020 (Stanford University website). 
3. ↑ bine.info: World electricity demand (see slide 15) ( Memento from December 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
4. ↑ Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology: Development of Energy Consumption in 2010 ( Memento of December 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), December 20, 2010.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} Energy in Sweden 2010, Facts and figures ( Memento from October 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Table 55 Regional energy use, 1990 and 2008 (kWh per capita).
6. ^ IEA Key energy statistics 2010. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved January 24, 2020 (Population page 48 forward.).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
7. ↑ Johannes Moser: Introduction to economic anthropology. Institute for Folklore / European Ethnology at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 2008.
8. ↑ BP Energy Outlook 2015. (No longer available online.) BP, 2015, formerly in the original ; accessed on January 24, 2020 (Energy Trends and Data - EU).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
9. ^ Research Green Energy, A Summary: The Analysis Paper (Isabel Galiana and Chris Green) . Copenhagen Consensus Center. Archived from the original on December 17, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2009.