5.45 x 39 mm
| 5.45 x 39 mm | |
|---|---|
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| general information | |
| caliber | 5.45 x 39 mm |
| Sleeve shape | Bottle neck sleeve, rimless |
| Dimensions | |
| Sleeve shoulder ⌀ | 9.62 mm |
| Sleeve neck ⌀ | 6.29 mm |
| Floor ⌀ | 5.6 mm |
| Cartridge bottom ⌀ | 10.00 mm |
| Sleeve length | 39.82 mm |
| Cartridge length | 57.00 mm |
| Weights | |
| Bullet weight | 3.43 g |
| Powder weight | 1.85 g |
| total weight | 10.5 g |
| Technical specifications | |
| Speed v 0 | 900-960 m / s |
| Max. Gas pressure | 3800 bar |
| Bullet energy E 0 | at 900 m / s 1390 J |
| Lists on the subject | |
The 5.45 × 39 mm cartridge , also known as the M 74 model, was specially developed for the AK-74 assault rifle , not least because of the US use of the 5.56 × 45 mm NATO cartridge in the Vietnam War . The 5.45 × 39 mm followed the international trend towards smaller calibers for firearms.
development
The ammunition emerged from the 7.62 × 39 mm cartridge . The advantages of a caliber 7.62 × 39 mm smaller than the earlier standard caliber are the more elongated trajectory due to the higher speed , the lower recoil, which increases the accuracy of fire when firing, the smaller dimensions and the lower weight of the weapon and cartridge, whereby a shooter can carry more cartridges.
technology
The bullet has a sheathed hollow point, followed by an insert made of soft lead, which is followed by a steel core (Ø 4.18 mm × 15 mm) enclosed by a thin layer of lead. The projectile leaves the barrel of a standard AK-74 mathematically with almost 4600 revolutions per second. This rapid rotation causes together with the light point and the air resistance a secure stabilization of the projectile (similar to a standing on the top of centrifugal ), it whereas in the 5.56 × 45 mm NATO calibers in adverse or cold air in every now and then to wobble the projectiles came. However, there are reports that the projectiles of 5.45 × 39 mm are already destabilized by contact with leaves, twigs or other small obstacles, which then makes the hit location unpredictable.
Unlike z. B. with the 5.56 × 45 mm NATO the projectile does not deform or fragment reliably when penetrating a soft target . Rather, the bullet tends to tumble in the target, which is promoted by the hollow tip. The wound effect is less than with comparable fragmenting ammunition because the permanent wound cavity is smaller.
Users
The 5.45 × 39 mm cartridge is manufactured almost exclusively for the military needs of former Warsaw Pact member states or for states that have cooperated with them. Only a few manufacturers market this cartridge (without steel core) for civil purposes, in contrast to the 5.56 × 45 mm NATO, which is offered as the .223 Remington in numerous match and hunting loads. In Germany, the possession of hard core ammunition is prohibited according to the Weapons Act ( Annex 2, Section 1, Item 5, Sub-Item 4 ).
Types of ammunition
In addition to the variant with a hard core, there is a tracer cartridge with a lead core and tracer set, a blank cartridge, practice ammunition with a plastic bullet and a drill cartridge.
Usually steel cases are used for the ammunition, which are coated with a brown / olive green lacquer. The tracer ammunition has a colored ring on the tip of the bullet.
Related developments
The pistol cartridge 5.45 × 18 mm , for which the compact PSM pistol was designed, among other things, was developed in the same caliber . The 5.45 × 18 mm bullet also has a steel core that can penetrate protective vests . This ammunition is also prohibited in Germany according to the Weapons Act.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ CIP 5.45 x 39 (PDF; 22.5 kB) ( Memento from August 26, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Эволюция пули калибра 5,45 мм (Russian history of the development of 5.45 × 39 mm ammunition) ( Memento from April 20, 2018 in the Internet Archive ), viewed on April 20, 2018
- ↑ Günter Wollert, Reiner Lidschun, Wilfried Copenhagen : small arms today (1945-1985) . tape 1 . Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, 1988, ISBN 3-327-00512-5 , p. 37 .
- ↑ Terminal ballistics of the Russian AK 74 assault rifle. Military Medicine, December 2001
- ↑ Wounding potential of the AK-74 assault rifle. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: The Trauma Journal. March 1984, archived from the original on September 19, 2005 ; Retrieved February 17, 2008 .