7.62 × 39 mm
| 7.62 × 39 mm | |
|---|---|
|
|
| general information | |
| caliber | 7.62 × 39 mm |
| Sleeve shape | Bottle neck sleeve, rimless with pull-out groove |
| Dimensions | |
| Sleeve shoulder ⌀ | 9.96-8.5 mm |
| Sleeve neck ⌀ | 8.6 mm |
| Floor ⌀ | 7.92 mm |
| Cartridge bottom ⌀ | 11.35 mm |
| Sleeve length | 38.70 mm |
| Cartridge length | 56.00 mm |
| Weights | |
| Bullet weight | 6.61-12.50 g |
| Powder weight | 1.6-1.8 g |
| total weight | 16.2-16.5 g |
| Technical specifications | |
| Speed v 0 | 710 (IMG: 745) m / s |
| Max. Gas pressure | 3550 bar |
| Bullet energy E 0 | 2510 J. |
| Lists on the subject | |
The medium cartridge 7.62 × 39 mm (often also under the military designation Kurzpatrone M 43 ) was used as ammunition for the equipment of the Red Army , the armies of the Warsaw Pact and the People 's Liberation Army of China. It is still used by the Finnish armed forces and the armed forces of many other countries.
Origins
The development of self-loading rifles , such as the Fyodorov rifle, began in Russia as early as the beginning of the 20th century . After the First World War it was decreed that all automatic weapons had to use the 7.62 × 54 mm R army cartridge , which had already been introduced during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II . This brought with it numerous constructional problems, because the cartridge was unsuitable for this purpose due to its distinctive edge. Up until the beginning and even during the Second World War, many Soviet designers tried to develop a reliable self-loading weapon based on the given ammunition. The best result of these efforts was probably the SWT-40 self-loading rifle , but it was not entirely convincing, which was largely due to the nature of the ammunition. During the war, the army command became aware that the Mosin cartridge was oversized for the usual combat distances, but that submachine guns like the Schpagin PPSch-41 had too little range. A German development showed how this gap was to be filled: the 7.92 × 33 mm short cartridge , as used in the 44 assault rifle .
development
The new cartridge was introduced as early as 1943: it was rimless (which favored its use in automatic weapons) and strongly conical (which made it easier to insert it into the cartridge chamber or to pull it out of the chamber). The first weapon based on the new M 43 appeared just one year later with the self-loading carbine SKS-45 from the designer Sergej Gavrilowitsch Simonow . The cartridge was then used in prototype weapons by Mikhail Timofejewitsch Kalashnikov , which later became the AK-47 assault rifle . There are many more powerful rifle cartridges than the M 43 and undoubtedly more precise and long-range weapons than the AK 47. What made the combination of the two so widespread was the way in which several requirements were equally taken into account:
- high reliability of the AK 47, even under adverse battlefield conditions
- high rate of fire
- sufficient range and accuracy at medium distances
- Due to the lower weight of the cartridge, shooters can carry a larger amount of ammunition
- Compared to conventional infantry cartridges, less stress on the shooter due to the lower muzzle blast and recoil
See also
literature
- Günter Wollert, Reiner Lidschun, Wilfried Copenhagen : small arms . (1945-1985). In: Illustrated encyclopedia of rifles from around the world . 5th edition. tape 1 + 2 . Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-89488-057-0 , cartridges, p. 86, 87 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ CIP 7.62 x 39 (PDF, 22.5 kB) ( Memento from August 26, 2019 in the Internet Archive )