7.62 × 54 mm rows
| 7.62 × 54 mm rows | |
|---|---|
|
|
| general information | |
| caliber | 7.62 × 54 mm rows |
| Sleeve shape | Rim cartridge |
| Dimensions | |
| Sleeve shoulder ⌀ | 11.61 mm |
| Sleeve neck ⌀ | 8.53 mm |
| Floor ⌀ | 7.92 mm |
| Cartridge bottom ⌀ | 14.48 mm |
| Sleeve length | 53.72 mm |
| Cartridge length | 77.16 mm |
| Weights | |
| Bullet weight | 9.6-11.8 g |
| Powder weight | 3.10 g |
| total weight | 22.7-25.10 g |
| Technical specifications | |
| Speed v 0 | 780-870 m / s |
| Max. Gas pressure | 3900 bar |
| Bullet energy E 0 | 3960 J. |
| Lists on the subject | |
The 7.62 × 54 mm R is a standard ammunition used by the Russian armed forces for rifles and machine guns . The cartridge , also known as the Mosin M1908 / 30 , has been in continuous use for more than 120 years and is therefore the longest-serving military ammunition in the world.
history
The development of this rim cartridge began in the Tsarist Empire at the end of the 19th century when new infantry rifles were procured for the Imperial Russian Army . The choice fell in 1891 on the M1891 rifle , which arose from the designs of the Russian Sergei Mosin and the Belgian Léon Nagant . The rifle also became known as the "three-line rifle". The name refers to the caliber specification in the old unit line (1 Russian line = 1 tenth of an inch ).
In 1908 the round head was replaced by a pointed storey . In 1930 the cartridge was optimized in its performance by Soviet designers. Since then it has been listed as the Mosin M1908 / 30 .
Rim cartridge
The original shape including the cartridge rim has been preserved to this day. The last other rim cartridge , the .303 British , was gradually replaced by modern rimless ammunition such as the 7.62 × 51 mm NATO after the Second World War . In contrast, the use of the Mosin cartridge increased, as it became standard ammunition for the military in all Warsaw signatory states after 1945 . It also found its way into the arsenal of the Chinese armed forces , which manufactured various versions of Russian infantry weapons .
species
The 7.62 × 54 mm R is available with different bullets. The lead core full jacket bullet was standard until the Second World War. There are steel core, tank, tank incendiary and tracer projectiles as well as precision ammunition for use in sniper rifles such as the SWD .
variants
Ammunition made in Finland differs slightly in dimensions. This ammunition is also known as the 7.62 × 53mm R. However, it is possible to fire the ammunition alternately in the weapons set up for the other caliber.
| 7.62 × 54 mm rows | 7.62 × 53 mm rows | difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ⌀ sleeve shoulder (mm) | 11.61 | 11.61 | 0.00 |
| ⌀ sleeve neck (mm) | 8.53 | 8.50 | −0.03 |
| ⌀ bullet (mm) | 7.92 | 7.85 | −0.07 |
| ⌀ cartridge base (mm) | 14.48 | 14.40 | −0.08 |
| Sleeve length (mm) | 53.72 | 53.50 | −0.22 |
| Cartridge length (mm) | 77.16 | 77.00 | −0.16 |
Weapons in caliber 7.62 × 54 mm R (selection)
- Mosin-Nagant multi-loading rifle
- Machine guns PM 1910 , Degtjarjow DA , Degtjarjow DP , Gorjunow SG-43 / SGM, Kalashnikov PK / PKM , SchKAS
- Tokarev SWT-40 semi-automatic rifle
- Dragunov SWD sniper rifle
- Finnish sniper rifle TKIV 85 (7.62 × 53 mm R)
literature
- Günter Wollert, Reiner Lidschun, Wilfried Copenhagen : Illustrated encyclopedia of rifle weapons from around the world . In: Rifles Today . tape 1 . Military publishing house of the GDR, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-327-00513-3 .
- Ilya Schaydurow: Russian firearms . Types, technology, data. Motorbuch, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-613-03187-6 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Löbell's annual reports on army and warfare, Volume 27, page 895
- ↑ CIP data sheet 7.62 × 54 mm R
- ↑ CIP data sheet 7.62 × 53 mm R
- ^ Francis Borek: The most dangerous rifle in the world, the M39. In: guns.com. August 5, 2014, accessed March 7, 2017 .
