Dragunov sniper rifle
| Dragunov sniper rifle | |
|---|---|
|
|
| general information | |
| Civil name: | Snaiperskaja wintowka Dragunowa, SWD |
| Military designation: | 6W1 ( GRAY index ) |
| Country of operation: | Warsaw Contracting States , China |
| Developer / Manufacturer: | Yevgeny Fyodorovich Dragunov |
| Development year: | 1958-1963 |
| Manufacturer country: | USSR |
| Production time: | 1963 until today |
| Model variants: | WD, SWDS, SWU, SWU-A, NDM-86, Tigr |
| Weapon Category: | Sniper Rifle , ( Designated Marksman Rifle ) |
| Furnishing | |
| Overall length: | 1225 mm |
| Total height: | 230 mm |
| Total width: | 88 mm |
| Weight: (unloaded) | 4.30 kg |
| Sight length : | 587 mm |
| Barrel length : | 620 mm |
| Technical specifications | |
| Caliber : | 7.62 × 54mm R , .308 Winchester |
| Possible magazine fillings : | 10 cartridges |
| Ammunition supply : | Curve magazine |
| Cadence : | (practical) 30 rounds / min |
| Fire types: | Single fire |
| Number of trains : | 4th |
| Twist : | right |
| Visor : | Sliding sight or PSO-1 rifle scope |
| Mounting system: | lateral quick-mounting rail |
| Closure : | Turret lock |
| Charging principle: | Gas pressure charger |
| Lists on the subject | |
The Dragunov sniper rifle ( Russian Снайперская винтовка Драгунова / Snaiperskaja wintowka Dragunowa , SWD for sniper rifle Dragunow ) is one of Jewgeni Fjodorowitsch Dragunow based on the Kalashnikov -Verschlussmechanismus developed self-loading rifle in caliber mm 7.62 × 54 R .
The precision of the Dragunov rifle is considered average, but the weapon itself is extremely robust, as it was not developed as a sniper rifle in the sense of western military doctrine, because the Dragunov rifle is part of a military group and not a lone fighter. Its function is to increase the combat range of the group from 400 m (effective combat distance of the infantry with an assault rifle of the Kalashnikov series) to at least 600 m, and thus long-term targeting with precise, quick successive shots, comparable to the Designated Marksman Rifle (2000) US Army and the HK MR308 (2011) introduced into the German Armed Forces as G28 .
functionality
The locking principle of the Dragunow is based on the Kalashnikov lock, which was redesigned for the rim cartridge 7.62 × 54 mm R. Unlike the Kalashnikov, the bolt carrier, the gas piston and the gas linkage do not form a structural unit. Instead, the piston actuates the bolt carrier via a short plunger.
The Dragunow has a gas pressure regulator, which can be used to set a higher pressure in the event of contamination through prolonged use.
The weapon has a slide catch . To release the slide catch, the cocking slide must be pulled back.
A flash hider attached to the hard chrome-plated barrel with two longitudinal slots below and three above serves to stabilize the weapon.
equipment
The standard sight of the SWD is the PSO-1 rifle scope (4 × 24) with a 4x magnification, 24 mm objective diameter and a weight of 580 g. A reflex sight and a passive infrared filter are built into the PSO-1 . If the riflescope fails, the fixed rear sight-and- front sight can be used, which is a rarity among sniper rifles. The reticle can be illuminated for shooting at night . The field of view is 6 °. At the time of its development, this rifle scope was way ahead of others.
In addition, a distance determination aid is built in as a line image. Distances of up to 1300 m can be determined by the shooter determining the line height of the target to be fought. An average height of 1.70 m is assumed.
Other riflescopes are the NSP-3 and the PGN-1. The riflescopes can be easily exchanged with one another.
The SWD comes with a bayonet that is identical to that of the AK-47 and weighs 450 g. However, the bayonet attached under the barrel impairs the precision of the rifle and is therefore only used for parades or close combat. With the bayonet attached, the total length is 1370 mm.
Other accessories:
- Magazine pouches
- Shoulder strap
- Cleaning set
- Maintenance tools.
variants
USSR / Russia
.jpg)
During the Afghan war , Dragunov riflemen found their rifle too bulky to use effectively from inside the armored personnel carrier. The soldiers then requested a retractable shoulder rest to solve this problem. However, the designer feared that this would reduce the precision of the rifle. So he suggested shortening the barrel.
Both proposals were finally accepted, so that the Dragunow was produced with a shortened barrel and foldable shoulder rest and the total length of the rifle was shortened to 1135 mm (folded 875 mm). His new area of activity was with the paratroopers and motorized infantry.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union , some Dragunovs came onto the civilian market. In the run-up, sport shooters and gun collectors speculated about the fantastic shooting performance of the gun, the expectations of long-range shooters (expected accuracy over 1000 meters) were very high. After the delivery of the first examples and after tests by weapon experts, the accuracy of the weapon was soon assessed more realistically. In particular, the vertical scatter when the barrel is heated has a disadvantageous effect on the precision.
In 1994 the final version of the Dragunow was presented with the SWDS . This model only matched about 70 percent with the original Dragunow, whose production was discontinued.
For sporting purposes, different versions of the weapon are now manufactured in the .308 Winchester caliber that is common with western shooters - who are allowed to purchase this weapon upon presentation of appropriate weapons-law permits . In particular, the rifles marketed by the original manufacturer Ischmasch under the brand name Tigr have a moderate price level with good quality.
The latest military variant of the SWD is the SWD-K in caliber 9.3 × 64 mm . It is based on the SWDS, so it has its foldable shoulder rest and is supplied as standard with a bipod and the 3-10x 1P70 rifle scope. It has a total length of 1250 mm and is intended to be used against targets behind cover and unarmored vehicles.
Other states
The SWD has been or will be, among others, in Poland , Bulgaria , Hungary and China in license produced. Modifications were made to the Dragunow in various states; For example, different calibers and thermal sight riflescopes were introduced.
Weapons that look similar to the SWD
In Yugoslavia , under the influence of the SWD, the sniper rifle Zastava M76 was developed and produced in the former German standard caliber 7.92 × 57 mm . Just like its successor model M91 and the PSL sniper rifle produced in Romania , it looks similar to the Dragunov, but technically corresponds to a Kalashnikov in caliber 7.62 × 54 mm R.
The Romanian company Cugir produces the PSL for the civil market under the name "Dragunov".
User states
The weapon was introduced in the Soviet Army in 1963 . The rifle was also used in all Warsaw Pact states , China and various developing countries. Modernized versions are still in production and use today.
literature
- Jan Boger: hunters and hunted . Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-87943-373-9 .
- Ilya Shaydurov: Russian firearms types. Technology. Data. Motorbuch Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-613-03187-6 .
- Günter Wollert, Reiner Lidschun, Wilfried Copenhagen : Rifle weapons (1945–1985) . In: Illustrated encyclopedia of rifles from around the world . 5th edition. tape 1 + 2 . Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-89488-057-0 , p. 409-410 .
Web links
- Dragunov SWD. In: whq-forum.de. Retrieved June 26, 2015 .
- Dragunov sniper rifle SVD. In: kalashnikovconcern.ru. Retrieved on June 26, 2015 (English, manufacturer's website).
- 7,62-мм снайперская винтовка Драгунова. Retrieved on May 9, 2014 (in Russian, overview table with sectional and disassembled representation and all technical data).
Individual evidence
- ↑ John Walter: Kalashnikov, the assault rifle and its offshoots. Motorbuch, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-613-02102-1 , p. 119.
- ↑ Günter Wollert, Reiner Lidschun, Wilfried Copenhagen : small arms (1945 to 1985) . In: Illustrated encyclopedia of rifles from around the world . 5th edition. tape 1 + 2 . Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-89488-057-0 , p. 409-410 .
- ↑ Dragunov sniper rifle SVD. (No longer available online.) In: kalashnikovconcern.ru. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015 ; accessed on June 26, 2015 (English, manufacturer's website).
- ↑ Maxim Popenker: SVDK. In: Modern Firearms. modernfirearms.net, accessed on July 22, 2018 .
- ↑ PSL sniper rifle (7.62x54r). In: imageevent.com. Retrieved on June 26, 2015 (English, structure of a PSL with pictures).