ASTRA (Romania)
The Asociația Transilvană pentru Literatura Română și Cultura Poporului Român for short ASTRA ( Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and the Culture of the Romanian People ) was founded on November 4, 1861 and played a major role in the cultural and political emancipation of the Romanians in Transylvania and beyond. This association continues to this day.
history
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ASTRA was founded by a group of intellectual Romanians. To this end, 212 pre-registered personalities met for the founding assembly in Sibiu on November 4, 1861, elected metropolitan Andrei Șaguna as president, historian and Greek Catholic theologian Timotei Cipariu as vice-president, and historian, philologist and journalist George Barițiu as chief secretary and started theirs Establish statutes. The association's statutes, which were unanimously adopted on November 7, 1861, included the promotion of Romanian literature and culture of the Romanian people through studies, the elaboration and publication of works and support through prizes and grants for the various departments of the Sciences and Arts. It was also determined that in addition to the three main offices mentioned above, a vice secretary, a librarian, an archivist, a treasurer and an auditor should complete the board. All were elected for three years.
On February 7, 1895, the FEDRO executive committee decided to develop and publish a Romanian encyclopedia (Enciclopedia Română), under the direction of the historian and publicist and director of several newspapers and magazines Corneliu Diaconovici. The work was published in three volumes between 1898 and 1904 and for a long time fulfilled a double function, namely the representation of the cultural and political history of the Romanian people.
The intellectual elite of the Transylvanian Romanians concentrated within the framework of this association at the turn of the century. In 1897, the FEDRO central committee ordered the establishment of the “Casa Națională” ( National House ), the establishment of cultural institutions that would organize their own libraries and museums and should have financial means for the organization of educational and national cultural activities. On this basis, numerous regional branches of ASTRA were quickly established, which played an important role in spreading Romanian culture and political interests. In 1913 there were already 85 such branches.
In 1906 the organization took care of the relocation of the magazine for culture, civilization, literature and art "Luceafǎrul" (1902), which was first published in Budapest , to Sibiu. The first on-site issue appeared on October 15 of that year. Until reunification, the union was inspired by the longing to become a nation with the motherland and subordinated all of its goals to this wish. After that, ASTRA was further expanded at home and abroad.
At the general assembly in Blaj , chaired by President Iuliu Moldovan, a professor of medicine at the University of Cluj , the celebrations for the 75th anniversary of the foundation took place on September 20, 1936, at which numerous other guests of honor also included King Carol II of Romania and the Crown Prince Michael attended.
When in 1947 - the country was already firmly in communist hands - the Grand Aradin Bishop Nicoale Popoviciu took over the presidency, he had little time to try to heal the moral, physical and physical wounds that had been torn open by the war ; because as early as 1948 the new rulers decreed his removal and the temporary dissolution of the association. Popoviciu resisted the order as best he could and had to pay for his courage with his life. Only after 1960 was it allowed to speak again about the importance of FEDRO in the history of the Romanians, and important works were published again. Valentin Bilț founded the first new branch in Târgu Lăpuș . Between August 29 and 31, 1986, the session "125 years since the founding of ASTRA" took place in Sibiu and Sălişte , with Antonie Plămădeală , then Metropolitan of Transylvania - 1992 honorary member of the Romanian Academy - taking part.
After the successful revolution against the Ceausescu dictatorship , the organization was brought back to life in early 1990 by old comrades-in-arms and young intellectuals, and the first general assembly after 47 years was held in Sibiu in April.
In 2011 there were 53 ASTRA branches in Romania, 14 branches in the Republic of Moldova , five in Serbia and two branches in Ukraine . The most active branches include Mihail Kogălniceanu in Iași , Timotei Cipariu in Blaj , Orăştie and Năsăud, and Ioan Sârbu in Criuleni and Valul lui Traian in Tighina .
Andrei Șaguna
Timotei Cipariu
George Bariț
Alexandru Mocsonyi
Iosif Sterca-Șuluțiu
Andrei Bârseanu
The presidents
The presidents since the association was founded:
- Andrei Șaguna (1861–1867)
- Vasile Ladislau Pop (1867–1875)
- Iacob Bologa (1875–1877)
- Timotei Cipariu (1877-1887)
- George Barițiu (1888-1893)
- Ioan Micu-Moldovan (1893–1901)
- Alexandru Mocsonyi (1901–1904)
- Iosif Sterca-Șuluțiu (1904–1911)
- Andrei Bârseanu (1911-1922)
- Vasile Goldiș (1927-1932)
- Iuliu Moldovan (1932–1947)
- Nicolae Popoviciu (1947-1948)
- Dumitru Abrudan (1990-1992)
- Dumitru Acu - since 1992
FEDRO publications (selection)
- Transilvania , edited in Brașov (January 1, 1868 - December 15, 1878), then in Sibiu (January 1, 1881–1946), is now published again in Sibiu after a few interruptions
- Analele Societății Academice Române , first published in 1868 in Bucharest in annual editions, including the reports of the meetings, communications, conferences held as well as the elections of the governing bodies and annual awards of the Romanian Academy
- Tribuna , appeared in Sibiu of 14 April 1884 to 16 April 1903 was in the first years of Ioan Slavici in collaboration with George Coşbuc headed
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Enciclopedia Română
- ↑ Information from the district library ASTRA Sibiu ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Cristina Maria Dabu: "Scurtă istorie a formării instituțiilor științifice românești", Verlag der Academia Română, Bucharest 2011, p. 484
- ↑ Information on Antonie Plămădeală on the website of the Romanian Academy , accessed on December 27, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Information on the ASTRA website
- ↑ Information from Dumitru Acu (the current President of ASTRA) 2011, retrieved from limbaromana.md on December 27, 2014 (Romanian)
