Acanthofungus

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Acanthofungus
Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Layer mushroom relatives (Stereaceae)
Genre : Acanthofungus
Scientific name
Acanthofungus
Sheng H. Wu , Boidin & CY Chien

The mushroom genus Acanthofungus is a satellite genus within the Aleurodiscus complex and belongs to the family of layer mushroom relatives (Stereaceae). The type species of the genus, Acanthofungus rimosus Sheng H. Wu, Boidin & CY Chien ., Is a white rot pathogen that grows on the incense cedar Calocedrus formosana , which is endemic to Taiwan .

features

The pillow-shaped fruit bodies have a smooth hymenium and a monomitic hyphae system. The hyphae are nodular-septate, so they have buckles on the septa . In addition to the club-shaped and 4-spore basidia , the hymenium contains gloeocystids and numerous acanthohyphids as sterile elements . The gloeocystids can be stained with sulfobenzaldehyde reagents. The amyloid and binuclear basidospores are elliptical and smooth. Your core behavior is heterocytic . An extracellular phenol oxidase is not produced, which is why the fungi cause white-hole rot on their substrate.

Ecology and diffusion

The type species Acanthofungus rimosus grows on the conifer Calocedrus formosana, which is endemic to Taiwan . Its fruiting bodies are similar to Xylobolus frustulatus , the common mosaic layer fungus, and also produce white-hole rot in the affected wood .

Systematics

Maximum likelihood family tree. The bootstrap test was carried out with 500 repetitions, only values ​​over 50% are displayed. All rDNA sequences come from GenBank, the GenBank number is given for each sequence. All further information can be found in the image description.

The genus was defined in 2000 by Sheng-Hua Wu, Jacques Boidin and Chiu Yuan Chien. The generic name is made up of the two Greek words acanthos (thorn) and fungus (mushroom) and refers to the numerous acantohyphidia found in the mushrooms. Molecular biological investigations of the 28S rDNA genes show that the type species of the genus is closely related to Aleurodiscus bisporus and the genus of layer fungi ( Stereum, see (in the narrower sense)). Acanthofungus differs from the layer fungi in its white-hole rot and its monomitic hyphae system . In addition, the generative hyphae in Acanthofungus have buckles, while buckles are missing in the layer fungi that cause white rot. The closest relative Aleurodiscus bisporus forms effuse fruiting bodies on deciduous trees and has so far only been found in Guadeloupe . It differs in the absence of buckles, its positive phenol oxidase reaction and its two-pore basidia. The common mosaic layer mushroom ( Xylobolus frustulatus ) and Aleurodiscus lividocoeruleus are also closely related. Xylobolus frustulatus has very similar fruit bodies and, like Acanthofungus rimosus , produces white-hole rot (negative phenol oxidase reaction), but does not form buckles. Aleurodiscus lividocoeruleus, on the other hand, has buckles and is phenol oxidase positive.

species

In addition to the newly described type species, Sheng H. Wu and his co-authors include Aleurodiscus ahmadii (Boidin) Boidin and Aleurodiscus thoenii (Boidin, Lanq. & Gilles) Núñez & Ryvarden also in the newly defined genus, without this being supported by molecular biological data. Both species have similar characteristics to the type species, but in Aleurodiscus ahmadii the spores are significantly smaller and in Aleurodiscus thoenii significantly larger. Wu justifies the new combination with the occurrence of buckles and the negative phenoloxidase reaction. Both are characteristics that are very variable within the family of the phylloxera relatives and therefore hardly say anything about the actual relationships. Therefore, the new combination was received with skepticism by many mycologists.

Table of characteristics of the Acathofungus species
feature Aleurodiscus ahmadii Aleurodiscus thoenii Acanthofungus rimosus
Fruiting bodies effuse to effuse-reflex effuse pillow-shaped
Color of hymenium White to off-white, pink or gray Pink, gray, brown White to off-white
Gloeocystidia
Cylindrical to spindle
35–200 × 5–12 µm		 Cylindrical, spindle-shaped or club-shaped,
often constricted like a
string of pearls 30–60 × 7–15 (20) µm
Tubular to cylindrical
–100 × 5–12 µm
Hyphids Acanthohyphids Acanthohyphids, Dendrohyphids Acanthohyphids
Basidia Club-like
20-35 x 4.5-5.5 µm		 Cylindrical to clubbed
30–50 (65) × 7–9 µm		 Club-like
30-40 x 5.5-7 µm
Spurs 4.5-6.5 x 2.5-4 µm (7) 8-11 x 4.5-6 µm 6-8 x 4-5 µm

swell

  • Acanthofungus. H. Wu, Boidin & CY Chien, (2000). In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f SH Wu et al .: Acanthofungus rimosus gen. Et sp.nov., With reevaluation of the related genera . In: Mycotaxon . tape 76 , 2000, pp. 154 (English, org.uk ).
  2. ↑ Aleurodiscus bisporus in the CBS Aphyllophorales database. In: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . 2014, accessed August 22, 2014 .
  3. ↑ M. Núñez, L. Ryvarden: The genus Aleurodiscus (Basidiomycotina) . Aleurodiscus bisporus . In: Synopsis Fungorum . tape 12 , 1997, p. 51 ( mycobank.org ).
  4. ↑ Sheng-Hua Wu et al .: Phylogenetic analyzes of Aleurodiscus sl and allied genera . In: Mycologia . tape 93 , no. 4 , 2001, p. 720-731 (English, clarku.edu [PDF]).
  5. ↑ M. Núñez, L. Ryvarden: The genus Aleurodiscus (Basidiomycotina) . Aleurodiscus thoenii . In: Synopsis Fungorum . tape 12 , 1997, p. 139 ( mycobank.org ).
  6. ↑ Aleurodiscus ahmadiiin in the CBS Aphyllophorales database. In: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . 2014, accessed August 22, 2014 .
  7. ↑ Aleurodiscus thoenii in the CBS Aphyllophorales database. In: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . 2014, accessed August 22, 2014 .