Acineta (orchids)
| Acineta | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acineta densa |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Acineta | ||||||||||||
| Lindl. |
The genus Acineta the family of orchid (Orchidaceae) comprises about 15 species , all of which occur in South and Central America. The small, perennial plants usually grow epiphytically .
description
.jpg)
.jpg)
All species of this genus form pseudobulbs on a creeping rhizome at a short distance . These are oval and somewhat compressed on the sides with an indistinct ridge on each side; they consist of a single internode . The rhizome and pseudobulbs are surrounded by lower leaves , with two to four leaves at the tip of the pseudobulbs . The leaves are plicate (folded) and relatively thick, with indistinctly visible veins on the underside . They have a short stalk and are separated from the pseudobulbs by a separating tissue.
The racemose inflorescence appears laterally from the base of the pseudobulbs and hangs down. The resupinated flowers are fleshy, large and strikingly colored. The three sepals are shaped the same, occasionally the two at the base are fused with each other and with the base of the column . The petals are smaller. The lip is three-lobed, narrow at the base (hypochil) and fused with the column, the middle part with two large side lobes, the end ending in a smaller, only indistinctly separated middle lobe. There is a fleshy callus on the lip. The column is straight, sometimes at the base with a narrow extension to which the lip has grown ("column foot"), sometimes with lateral wings. The stamen sits terminally and is bent down towards the column axis. In one compartment sit two hard pollinia , connected by a rectangular stalk with a two-part adhesive organ ( Viscidium ). The viscidium is bent at about 45 ° at the end and is grazed by the scutellum of the bees that visit the flowers. The viscidium then sticks to the back of the thorax .
The species of the Subtribus Stanhopeinae are generally pollinated by male splendor bees (Euglossini). In Acineta dalessandroi is self-pollination before, here the flower buds not open at all more.
distribution
The species of the genus Acineta occur from southern Mexico to Peru. There they grow as epiphytes in moist forests at altitudes of 500 to 2200 meters.
Systematics
Within the subfamily Epidendroideae , the genus Acineta is classified in the subtribe Stanhopeinae . Sister taxon (or so closely related that it could be classified in Acineta ) is the monotypical genus Vasqueziella , closely related are the genera Lacaena and Lueddemannia .
About 15 species have been described in this genus, although the delimitation is not always certain - some could only be color variants of one and the same species.
- Acineta alticola C. Schweinf. (1951): Southern Venezuela to Northern Brazil.
- Acineta antioquiae Schltr. (1917): Colombia.
- Acineta barkeri (Bateman) Lindl. (1843): Mexico to Guatemala.
- Acineta chrysantha (C. Morren) Lindl. (1850): Southeast Mexico to Panama.
- Acineta confusa Schltr. (1917 :) Central America.
- Acineta cryptodonta Rchb.f. (1854): Colombia to Venezuela.
- Acineta dalessandroi Dodson (1984): Southern Ecuador. It is also placed as Lueddemannia dalessandroi (Dodson) G. Gerlach & MHWeber in the genus Lueddemannia .
- Acineta densa Lindl. (1851): El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, northwestern Colombia.
- Acineta erythroxantha Rchb.f. (1854): Colombia to Northwest Venezuela
- Acineta hagsateri Salazar & Soto Arenas (2003): Mexico.
- Acineta hrubyana Rchb.f. (1882) (Syn .: Acineta beyrodtiana Schltr. , Acineta hennisiana Schltr. ): Colombia.
- Acineta mireyae G. Gerlach & MHWeber (2003): Panama.
- Acineta salazarii Soto Arenas (2003): Mexico to El Salvador.
- Acineta sella-turcica Rchb.f. (1852): Costa Rica and Panama.
- Acineta sulcata Rchb.f. (1879): probably Colombia.
- Acineta superba (Kunth) Rchb.f. in WGWalpers (1863): Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Suriname.
Culture
Due to the large, colored flowers, the plants can occasionally be found in culture. Because the flowers grow downwards, they must be planted in well-drained baskets. In their homeland, the species have become rare due to commercial collections.
literature
- CH Dodson, CA Luer (2005): Orchidaceae part 2 (Aa-Cyrtidiorchis) . In: G. Harling, L. Andersson (Eds.): Flora of Ecuador . Vol. 76, pp. 14ff. Botanical Institute, Göteborg University, ISBN 91-88896-51-X
- Robert L. Dressler (1993): Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . P. 175f. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-45058-6
- Jürgen Röth (1983): Orchids . P. 114f. VEB German Agricultural Publishing House Berlin.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams, Mark W. Chase (2000): Subtribal and generic relationships of Maxillarieae (Orchidaceae) with emphasis on Stanhopeinae: combined molecular evidence . American Journal of Botany. 87: 1842-1856. Online, accessed December 3, 2007
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Acineta. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 3, 2020.
