Acmaeodera ottomana

Acmaeodera ottomana
Acmaeodera ottomana on daisy family
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta) Order : Beetle (Coleoptera) Family : Jewel beetle (Buprestidae) Subfamily : Polycestinae Genre : Acmaeodera Type : Acmaeodera ottomana
Scientific name
Acmaeodera ottomana
( Frivaldsky , 1837)

Acmaeodera Ottomana is a beetle from the family of the jewel beetle and the subfamily Polycestinae . The genus Acmaeodera is represented in Europe with 25 species, which are divided into three sub-genera. Acmaeodera ottomana belongs to the subgenus Acmaeotethya , which is represented by eleven species in Europe. The species Acmaeodera ottomana occurs in the nominate form Acmaeodera ottomana ottomana in southeast Europe and in Cyprus in the subspecies Acmaeodera ottomana confluens (Baudi 1870). Another subspecies can be found in Libya .

Notes on the name

The beetle was first described by Frivaldsky in 1837 under the name Buprestis ottomana . Friváldszky calls the beetle Ozmán pompás ( ug. Ottoman jewel beetle) in the local language . Frivaldszky states that the beetle was found near Byzantium (now Istanbul ) and Philippopol (now in Bulgaria). The species name ottomana thus refers to the sites in the Ottoman Empire , which was also called the Ottoman Empire.

The generic name Acmaeodera goes back to Eschscholtz in 1829. He is from old gr. ακμαίος "akmāīos" for "strong" and δέρη "dére" for "neck" derived. Eschscholtz distinguishes the genus from similar genera by the pronotum that is cut off at the back .

The name of the subgenus Acmaeotethya was only introduced by Volkovitsh in 1979. Volkovitsh does not explain the name.

Synonyms are not known.

Fig. 1: Different staining patterns
Fig. 2: right side of the pronotum top view, the white arrowhead marks the round dimple on the side in front of the corrugated pronotum base	Fig. 3: Laterally pronounced pronotum with arrowheads red: ribbing of the pronotum base, green and blue: front and rear end of the lateral edge of the pronotum
Fig. 4 pronotum and elytra in side view, black arrowhead on laterally protruding indentation of the edge of the wing cover
Fig. 5: Top view of the base of the elytra, on the right partially colored green: dorsal rows of dots, yellow-green: inserted shortened row of dots , blue-green: innermost of the lateral rows of dots yellow: callus humeralis	Fig. 6: Detail of the side view of a wing cover, on the right partially colored white: wing cover edge, green: outermost row of dots, blue: edge stripes, yellow arrowhead on the raised inner edge of the edge stripe

Characteristics of the beetle

The beetle becomes 5.5 to 9.8 millimeters long. Within the genus, it belongs to the elongated, flattened species in which the wing covers are not bent like a hump along the seam in the first third (Fig. 4). The wing-coverts of the beetle are short, protruding at the base and curved back with hair. The head, pronotum and underside show somewhat longer and soft hair.

The dark blue to blue-green head is drawn into the chest. It is hairy whitish and soft and shows a barely visible longitudinal line in the middle. He is densely occupied with umbilical points . The antennae are sawn from the fourth link and are of the same color as the head.

The pronotum is colored like the head, there may be a small red spot near the rear corners. The pronotum has no lateral protuberances. It is a good one and a half times as wide as it is long and arched. It is narrowest behind the head and widens evenly convex to just before the base. Behind the widest point it tapers again slightly and is the same width at the base as the base of the elytra. The pronotum is bordered on the sides. The front angles (green arrowhead in Fig. 3) are lower than the rear angles (blue arrowhead in Fig. 3) and are not visible from above. Between them, the side edge is slightly curved upwards to the widest point of the pronotum, behind which its slope flattens out towards the rear corners. The rear angles are clearly visible from above and not curved downwards, the side edge is only visible in the rear part when viewed from above (Fig. 2). The base of the pronotum is, typical of the genera Acmaeodera and Acmaeoderella , briefly grooved lengthways (Fig. 2 and red arrowhead in Fig. 3). A longitudinal impression in the middle of the pronotum is more or less strong. It is deepened near the base in the form of a dimple and never goes through to the front edge. Between this impression and the side edge of the pronotum there is another flat and rounded impression (in Fig. 2, white arrowhead) approximated to the edge near the base. The puncture of the pronotum consists of simple umbilical points on the disc, concentric wrinkles are formed on the sides.

One label is missing.

The side edge of the wing covers is slightly indented a little behind the shoulders (black arrowhead in Fig. 4) and in the area of ​​the indentation it is bent outwards following the body curve. In the rear third, the outer edge is slightly serrated (can be seen on the right in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 4). The wing covers appear streaked with longitudinal rows of large pit-like points (connected to a line in green on the right in Fig. 5). Between the two rows of dots that are closest to the suture of the wing cover, a shortened row of dots (yellow-green in Fig. 5) is inserted at the base of the wing cover. The six dorsal rows of dots are followed by an elongated elevation (callus humeralis) in the area of ​​the shoulders, which is dotted (yellow in Fig. 5, right). Further stripes follow outwards on the sloping side of the wing cover. The intervals between the stripes are even and finely dotted, the points on the intervals suggest more than one row of points per interval. Spinola mentions as a special feature of the species that a kind of keel (yellow arrowhead in Fig. 6) is formed on the outermost point stripe (green on the right in Fig. 6). It comes about because the edge interval (tinted blue in Fig. 6 on the right) is highest on the inside and forms an obtuse angle with the interval that adjoins inwards.

The elytra are dark blue-green to black with scarlet spots. In principle, these form four transverse ties lying one behind the other and interrupted at the sash top seam , but the drawing varies greatly. Often (in Fig. 1 for both individuals) the first three spots merge into a wide meandering band that extends along most of the wing cover and runs more or less far back. In Fig. 1, the second and third spots partially flow into each other in the individual shown on the right; in the individual shown on the left, these two spots are broadly separated on the right half of the body, on the left half of the body they almost touch. The third and fourth spots are clearly separated in the individual lying on the right, in the left individual they are connected to one another. On the other hand, the last two spots on one side with the corresponding spots on the opposite side can form a continuous transverse band that extends over the seam of the wing cover. The red color is often so dominant that the wing covers are more likely to be perceived as red with dark markings. To distinguish it from the similarly colored species Acmaeodera quadrifasciata , it is stated that in quadrifasciata the dark area behind the first red spot clearly separates the first and second spots, while in ottomana the first two spots merge on the inside. Obenberger describes the varieties quadriscamis , in which only parts of the third and fourth transverse band are present, and Korbi , in which the wing covers are completely blue except for the remains of the third transverse band.

Genital morphologically, the species of the ottoman group in the female sex have a long tubular ovipositor , which indicates that the eggs are deposited in cracks. In the male sex, the sex organs show several special features (more detailed in Volkovitsh), in particular the appendages at the tip of the penis are small and membranous.

The legs are dark green-blue and shiny. They are dotted and very sparsely hairy, whitish, downy. All tarsi are five-part. The rails of the forelegs are widened in front of the tarsi.

biology

The heat-loving animals fly with the wing covers closed. In Greece they can be found in loose scrub forests of the plains and lower mountain areas. The larvae develop in weakened or dry branches of various deciduous trees ( figs , prunus , oaks , pears , almond trees ). The adults are found in Greece from the end of March to mid-June on yellow flowers and leaves. They were also found under the bark of the fig tree.

Occurrence

The species is classified as a Pontomediterranean species. According to Fauna Europaea, the beetle occurs in Bulgaria , in Greece including the Cyclades and Crete , in Macedonia , and the Middle East , in Cyprus in the subspecies Acmaeodera ottomana confluens . However, the species also occurs in North Africa, from Libya the subspecies Acmaeodera ottomana menradi is described.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Fauna Europaea systematics and distribution of Acmaeodera ottomana , accessed on June 19, 2017
2. ↑ ^{a b} Hans Mühle: A new subspecies of Acmaeodera ottomana Frivaldszky from Libya 56th Report of the Natural Research Society Augsburg pp. 33–36, January 15, 1997, as PDF
3. ↑ ^{a b} Imre Frivaldszky: Balkány vidéki természettudományi utazás (Scientific trip to the Balkans) in A Magyar Tudós Társaság évkönyvei (Yearbooks of the Society of Hungarian Scholars); Második óstaly: Értekezékek III Természettudomány-osztályi értekezés (Second section: Treatises III Treatise of the natural science department) 3rd volume Buda 1837 not fully paginated, bottom third p. 175 Buprestis ottomana in the Google book search
4. ^ Sigmund Schenkling: Nomenclator coleopterologicus 2nd edition, Jena 1922
5. ↑ Friedrich Eschscholtz: Zoological Atlas 1. Issue Berlin 1829 P. 9 in the Google book search
6. ↑ ^{a b} М. Г. Волкович (MG Volkovitsh): Оьэор палеарктических грурр златок трибы Acmaeoderini (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) (Revision of Palaearctic groups of the tribe Acmaeoderini (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)) in ЭНТОМОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОЗРЕНИЕ (Revue d'Entomology de l'USSR) LVIII, 2, 1979 S 343 or English translation by Research gate
7. ^ ^{A b} Maximilien Spinola: Essai sur les espèces des genres Stéraspis et Acmaeodera, Famille des Buprestides, ordre des Coléoptères in Annales de la Société Entomologique de France Vol. 7. Paris 1838 p. 303 ff Species description p. 377 and identification table as foldout
8. ↑ ^{a b c} H.Mühle, P. Brandl, M. Niehuis: Catalogus Faunae Graeciae; Coleoptera: Buprestidae Printed in Germany by Georg Rößle Augsburg 2000 p. 61
9. ↑ J. Obenberger: Studies on Palearctic Buprestids in Wiener Entomologische Zeitung Volume 35 Vienna, 1916 p. 235ff Description p. 237
10. ↑ Mark G. Volkovitsh, Vladimir Sakalian, Georgi Georgiev: A checklist and a key to the taxa of the subfamily Polycestinae Lacordaire, 1857 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Bulgaria in Acta Zoologica Bulgaria 67 (4), 2015: 471–478, p 476

Web links

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