Adiabene
Blue line: Campaign and retreat of the ten thousand by Corduene 401 BC Chr.
Adiabene refers to a territory in the Middle East . First the area between the Upper and Lower Zab (= Big and Small Zab) was referred to, later also the directly adjacent regions , especially in the north ( called Hadjab ). Because it later politically included most of Assyria , the name was then used for the whole of Assyria. The most important city was Arbela .
history
In the first century AD, Adiabene was ruled by several Parthian- dependent kings from a local dynasty who professed Judaism . They were repeatedly involved in internal Parthian throne disputes and Parthian-Roman conflicts . Especially during the reign of King Izates II (approx. 36–59 / 60) the influence in the Parthian Empire was considerable. It was also that Izates who converted to Judaism with his mother Helena for political reasons ( proselyte recruitment ). The royal family supported the Palestinian Jews financially and even sent troops during the Roman War. Monobazos and Helena are therefore often mentioned in the Mishnah and are praised for their piety.
When the Romans conquered Mesopotamia under Trajan in 116 , Adiabene became a Roman province under the name Assyria . However, the Mesopotamian colonies were abandoned under Trajan's successor, Hadrian . Only Septimius Severus conquered Adiabene again briefly in 195 and then took the nickname Adiabenus . Under Caracalla , the Romans invaded Adiabene again in 216.
Later, according to the Chronicle of Arbela , the rulers of Adiabene and the rulers of Kirkuk allied themselves with the Sassanid Ardaschir I against the Parthian ruler Artabanos IV. During the rule of the Sassanids, there were many Christian Nestorian communities in Adiabene .
Ruler of Adiabene
|
|
Bishops of Adiabene
|
|
See also
literature
- Siegmund Fraenkel : Adiabene . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume I, 1, Stuttgart 1893, column 360.
- Solomon Grayzel: A History of the Jews. From the Babylonian Exile to the present, 5728-1968. Mentor, New York 1968 (reprinted 1948 Philadelphia edition).
- Michał Marciak: Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene. Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West (= Impact of Empire. Volume 26). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2017, ISBN 978-90-04-35070-0 , pp. 255-418 ( specialist review ).
- Jacob Neusner : The Conversion of Adiabene to Judaism. In: Journal of Biblical Literature. Volume 83, 1964, pp. 60-66.
- Jacob Neusner: A History of the Jews in Babylonia. Volume 1: The Parthian Period. Scholars Press, Atlanta, Ga. 1999, ISBN 0-7885-0605-6 (reprinted from New York 1965 edition).
- David G. Sellwood: Adiabene . In: Ehsan Yarshater (ed.): Encyclopædia Iranica . Volume 1 (5), pp. 456–459 (English, including references).
- Marco Frenschkowski : Iranian royal legend in the Adiabene. On the history of Josephus: Antiquitates XX, 17–33. In: Journal of the German Oriental Society (ZDMG). Volume 140, 1990, pp. 213-233.
- Erich Brauer: The Jews of Kurdistan. Wayne State University Press, Detroit 1993, ISBN 0-8143-2392-8 .
- Beate Ego : Adiabene. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 1, Metzler, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-476-01471-1 , column 112 - column end.
Web links
- Bishops of Adiabene. nestorian.org
- Jonah Gabriel Lissner: Adiabene, Jewish Kingdom of Mesopotamia. ( Memento from January 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) kulanu.org, 2000
- The forced conversion of the Jewish community of Persia and the beginnings of the Kurds. eretzyisroel.org
- Religion Judaism. ( Memento of July 2, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) kurdistanica.com
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stanley A. Cook, Frank E. Adcock , Martin P. Charlesworth (Eds.): The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume 11: The Imperial Peace. AD 70-192. University of Michigan Press, Ann Harbor 1969, p. 111.