Admiralty Church
The Admiralty Church (in Swedish Amiralitetskyrkan , also called Ulrica Pia ) is a church in Karlskrona and belongs to the Admiralty Community of Karlskrona . The church is called Ulrica Pia after Princess Ulrika Eleonora the Elder ( Pia is Latin for pious). The church stands on the south-eastern part of the island of Trossö on Vallstrasse and is part of the Karlskrona naval harbor world heritage site .
history
The town and shipyard Karlskrona was founded in 1679, and in 1681 the Admiralty Community of Karlskrona was established. The location of the parish church on the southeastern headland of the island of Trossö was specified in the first town and fortification plan in 1683.
It is not certain who planned the church, but the architect may have been Erik Dahlberg, who heads the district . The wood for the church came from Riga , now the capital of Latvia , at that time Sweden's largest city with 100,000 inhabitants. The church was consecrated on September 20, 1685 and was named Ulrica Pia.
Originally, the church was within the dividing wall between the city and the naval base with the shipyard. In the 19th century, among other things, the wall at the church was torn down and replaced by a less strong wall between the church and the naval base. In the quarter north of Werftstrasse there are still remains of the original wall. There is also a large section of the wall around the shipyard.
The Admiralty Church was the church of the large parish on Drottningstrasse. As a workaround, it should be replaced by a large stone church. After many different designs and discussions, the foundation stone for a stone church on the Admiralty bell tower was laid for the midsummer festival in 1760. In honor of the king she was to be called Adolf Fredrikskyrka. The designs for this church by Carl Johan Cronstedt are on two copper engraving plates belonging to the community. However, there was a lack of money and after 20 years the walls only reached 14 cubits (about 4 m). On a royal letter, the whole project was put down and the church building became a ruin.
In 1822–1823 the wooden church underwent extensive renovations, including the addition of the candlestick in the central square.
Around 1850 it finally became clear that the stone church would never come into being. The remains were torn down and instead aroused the thought that if you couldn't have a stone church, the wooden church could at least look like one, like the Friedrichskirche and the Dreifaltigkeitskirche in the city center. Therefore the exterior paneling was replaced, the church was painted yellow and provided with architectural details in the Baroque style. Then the church fell into disrepair for a while, but was repaired in 1864.
In 1875 the question of a stone church began to be debated again, a debate which continued for 30 years until the Department of Maritime Defense rejected the municipality's request for funding. After that, the congregation got money instead, which the king approved for an armament of the church, which was then carried out in 1908–1909. The church was provided with electricity and got a new tin roof. In front of the north gable, a porch was built in 1845, designed by CE Wallenstrand . This was removed again by the city architect S. Ullén's restoration in 1943–1949. In 1958 the tin roof was expanded to a copper roof. The following year the church got a new main staircase made of Ölandstein in the same style as the old one and with the old railings.
In 1974 the owner, the Fortification Office, decided that the exterior should be painted red because the church should regain its original character. The Reichsdenkmalsamt opposed it, but the church was painted red in 1985.
Outward appearance
The church is made entirely of wood, painted red and has the plan of a Greek cross . The middle part measures 20 × 20 meters, the cross arms are of the same size. The church choir is located in the eastern arm, together with the sacristy .
From the outside, the central section emerges as a cubic structure, with a mansion roof and a crowning octagon with an S-shaped hood. The cross arms protrude as vestibules; they wear hipped roofs . The wood-paneled facades are continuously interrupted by columns. The windows are rounded with rectangular frames. The entrances are in the north, west and south with right-angled double gates in the middle of the cross-arm gables.
Inner appearance
Inside, the wood is light blue and light green, alluding to the sky. The four strong wooden pillars of the interior, which are connected with horizontal beams, support the roof structure of the middle section. The columns form a smaller central square, which is covered by a higher ceiling with painting (not original, the elevation probably dates from 1822–1823), as well as a walkway with a level wooden ceiling.
The southern and northern arms of the cross have galleries and smooth wooden ceilings. The organ in the west is placed in a barrel-shaped arched niche. The choir is closed off by a vaulted ceiling.
The walls are clad with wooden panels. The original higher galleries were removed during the restoration by the architect Theodor Wåhlin . During the restoration, which was led between 1943 and 1949 by the then city architect S. Ullén, the vestibules of the cross arms and new external stairs in the south and west were added. This restoration gave the church a lighter interior and heat conduction. The ceiling decoration was painted over. There were now also benches in dark gray, which were later made a little lighter (see picture).
A 20 cm cavity is hidden between the outer and inner walls. The inner wall is said to have been completed in 1691, six years after the inauguration. This brought problems for priests and visitors in the winter months. The problems persisted even after the interior wall was set up and a green stove was built into the sacristy as a result.
Furnishing
Altarpiece and altar panel
The classicistic altarpiece with shining sun was probably made in 1822/23 and may have been created by or in collaboration with the admiralty sculptor Johan Törnström . The altarpiece was decorated with painted mock architecture in 1908/09.
The altar panel is a copy of Peter Paul Rubens' painting The Lance Punch , which is in the cathedral in Antwerp . The altarpiece with the columns was made in connection with the renovation in 1822–1823. The pseudo-architecture of the columns came with the armament of the church in 1908/09.
pulpit
The current pulpit is said to have been added when the church was repaired in 1864. It is octagonal, gray with gilding and has a sound roof. There are brown fields with Christian symbols on six sides: tablets of the law, Bible, chalice, sword, shield and anchor. They are symbols of the Christian's spiritual armor.
Tombs and memorials
A number of monuments and tombs are housed in the church. Today there are 283 coffins in the grave cellar, spread over 23 grave chambers.
There is also a model of the Carlskrona corvette . This ship sank in a hurricane off the Florida coast in 1846. 114 of 131 people died.
A large plaque commemorating sailors who perished during the two world wars hangs on the south wall.
crucifix
The crucifix, made of cedar wood with inlays of mother-of-pearl, ivory and ebony, was given to the church by Captain Carl Raab in 1744. He got it from the Patriarch in Constantinople in 1728 when he was traveling on Raab's ship from Palestine to Constantinople. It was made in Jerusalem and lay on Christ's tomb in 1728. Carl Raab's tomb can also be seen in the church.
Church silver and other inventory
The church's silver collection is shown in the silver cabinet, including some of its books. The cabinet is in the northwest part of the church.
Bells
The bells are cast in 1699 and are in tune with the admiralty bell tower .
Organs
Cabinet organ
In 1857 the parish bought a cabinet organ from Fourneaux in Paris , which was brought home on naval ships. Since the church was in poor condition, the organ was badly damaged and was covered, among other things, with an oilcloth to protect it from raindrops from the roof. It was not until 1833 that the congregation received money for a real church organ . The cabinet organ was moved to the parish primary school, then stood in the Blekinge Museum for a few years, but was finally allowed to return to the church, where it has been on display since 1979. It is a cupboard with grommet doors and topped with a cover, decorated with several musical instruments.
Main organ
The main organ was inaugurated in 1833 and was built by Salomon Molander in Gothenburg . It has 23 voices , 3 manuals and a pedal . A comprehensive renovation took place in 1962. Mårtensson's organ factory expanded the pneumatic system and installed an electric one. After that the organ comprised 34 voices. After Mårtensson's alterations and extensions behind Molander's facade in 1932, 1947, 1962–1963 and 1980, the organ has pneumatic wind mechanisms with electric action and registration .
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
In 1975 the congregation got its first choir organ , a positive built by Olof Hammarberg in Gothenburg with 5 registers.
Admiralty Bell Tower
Main article : Admiralty bell tower
The municipality's bell tower is in the Admiralty Park. It was built in 1699 and was originally the “meal clock” of the naval shipyard, intended to make work in the shipyard more effective by telling the time for work within the shipyard.
Gubben Rosenbom
Main article : Rosenbom
In the church there is “Gubben Rosenbom”, the Old Rosenbom , a man-high wooden figure behind glass . For many years it was placed outside the church; Their location was first mentioned in 1793. In 1956 the original was brought inside the church. Outside, a slightly modernized copy has been attracting visitors since then. The figure is a poor box; whoever raises their hat can donate a coin.
Literature and sources (in Swedish)
- Carl-Axel Malmberg: Kungl. Karlskrona Amiralitetsförsamling 1680–1980
- Sten L. Carlsson: Sveriges kyrkorglar , Håkan Ohlssons förlag, Lund (1973), ISBN 91-7114-046-8
- Sten-Åke Carlsson, Tore Johansson: Inventarium över svenska orglar 1988: I, Lunds stift , Förlag Svenska orglar, Tostared, ISSN 1100-2700
Web links (in Swedish)
- Fortification Verket - Amiralitetskyrkan / Rosenbom
- Karlskrona Kungliga Amiralitetsförsamling (Svenska kyrkan)
- Karlskrona kommun: Amiralitetsparken (Swedish)
- Sverigeresor.se - Amiralitetskyrkan
- Sveriges kyrkor - Amiralitetskyrkan ( Memento from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 56 ° 9 ′ 25 ″ N , 15 ° 35 ′ 28 ″ E