Ailuropoda Stegodon fauna

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The Ailuropoda Stegodon fauna ( Chinese  大熊猫-剑齿象动物群 , Pinyin Dàxióngmāo-jiànchǐxiàng dòngwùqún . English Ailuropoda Stegodon Fauna), also Stegodon-Ailuropoda fauna called, was one of the giant panda ( Ailuropoda sp.) and the trunk animal Stegodon ( Stegodon sp.) named tropical fauna of the Pleistocene in the southern part of China and on the Indochinese peninsula , which is similar to today's Indomalay fauna and only became extinct in the late Holocene. The Qin Ling mountain range , which separates the Ailuropoda-Stegodon fauna from the northern and cooler climatic Equus-Euctenoceros / Megaloceros fauna , is generally regarded as the northern border . Because of this, both fauna provinces are sometimes referred to as the South Tsingling and North Tsingling fauna. In the east, the regions on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are separated from the fauna complex, as the local Huang He fauna is widespread here, the western border forms the highlands of Tibet .

In addition to the animals that gave it its name, this fauna complex also included the orangutan ( Pongo sp.), The giant monkey Gigantopithecus , the Chinese rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros sinensis ) and the great tapir species Megatapirus , also early representatives of the Sumatran rhinoceros ( Dicerorhinus sumatrensis ) proven here. In addition, the Ailuropoda Stegodon fauna shares some species with the northern fauna complex, such as B. the elephant species Elephas namadicus , the tiger ( Panthera tigris ), the spotted hyena ( Crocuta crocuta ), the Asian buffalo ( Bubalus sp. ) Or the deer species Pseudaxis . Under favorable climatic conditions, there were also animal species that were typical of the North Tsingling fauna. These include the forest rhinoceros ( Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis ).

The Ailuropoda-Stegodon fauna formed in the Old Pleistocene and persisted until the New Pleistocene . Towards the end of the Pleistocene, when most of the character animals became extinct, the faunal complex became extinct. According to some paleontologists, it can be broken down into several stages of development. The occurrence of Gigantopithecus , who lived in the Old and Middle Pleistocene, is significant for the older section . Basic work on the faunal association comes from the Chinese paleontologist Pei WC 1935.

Important references of Ailuropoda Stegodon fauna are Liucheng (Autonomous Region Guangxi ) Yuanmou (Autonomous District Chuxiong ) and Maba (District Qujiang the province of Guangdong ). Also to be emphasized is the location Yanjinggou 盐井, after which the Yanjinggou fauna 盐井 沟 动物 群 or Wanxian fauna (万县 动物 群; English "Wanhsien fauna"; after the former Wan district (万县 Wàn Xiàn) in Sichuan) , today's Wanzhou district of Chongqing ). Outside of China, important fossil finds come from Vietnam and Myanmar .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans-Dietrich Kahlke: On the chronological position of the Choukoutien culture. Alt-Thüringen 6, 1963, pp. 22-41
  2. ^ A b Jean S. Aigner: Archaeological remains in Pleistocene China. AVA research 1, Bonn, 1981
  3. ↑ a b c Hans.Dietrich Kahlke: On the chronological position of the southern Chinese Gigantopithecus finds. Journal for Scientific Zoology 165, 1961, pp. 47-80
  4. ↑ Tong Haowen and Claude Guérin: Early Pleistocene Dicerorhinus sumatrensis remains from the Liucheng Gigantopithecus Cave, Guangxi, China. Geobios 42, 2009, pp. 525-539
  5. ↑ Tong HaoWen and WU XianZhu: Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia) from the Rhino Cave in Shennongjia, Hubei. Chinese Science Bulletin 55 (4), 2010, pp. 1157-1168
  6. ↑ Deborah A. Bakken: Taphonomic Parameters of Pleistocene Hominid Sites in China ; Full text; PDF; 7.2 MB ( memento from February 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )