al-Adil II.

Al-Adil II , with full name Saif ad-Din al-Malik al-Adil Abu Bakr ibn Nasir ad-Din Muhammad ( Arabic سيف الدين الملك العادل أبو بكر بن ناصر الدين محمد, DMG Saif ad-Dīn al-Malik al-ʿĀdil Abū Bakr b. Nāṣir ad-Dīn Muḥammad ; * 1222 ; † 1248 ), was the fifth sultan of the Ayyubids in Egypt from 1238 to 1240 .

Al-Adil II was a son of the Sultan al-Kamil . After his death in 1238, he became Sultan of Cairo at the age of 18. In the period that followed, violent power struggles broke out again among the Ayyubids. He did not succeed in asserting himself against his relatives in Syria . The weakening of the Ayyubids by the civil war was used by the Mongols to conquer northern Iraq. In addition, a crusade army under Theobald IV of Champagne ( crusade of the barons ) arrived in 1239, just in time for the expiry of the peace of Jaffa in the Kingdom of Jerusalem , which occupied and finally re- fortified Ascalon . In the inner Islamic power struggles, al-Adil's half-brother al-Salih Ayyub ultimately prevailed. According to Runciman, al-Adil II had offended his ministers by entrusting the government to a young black man whom he loved. After he was deposed by a conspiracy in late May or early June 1240, as-Salih Ayyub took over the Egyptian throne.

Al-Adil II remained in captivity until he died in 1248. According to Abu l-Fida , he left an underage son named Al-Mughith Fath ad-Din Umar .

literature

• Hans Eberhard Mayer : History of the Crusades. (= Kohlhammer-Urban pocket books. 86). 8th, improved and enlarged edition. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart et al. 1995, ISBN 3-17-013802-2 , p. 226.
• Steven Runciman : History of the Crusades. (= Beck's special editions ). Special edition in 1 volume without indication of source or literature. CH Beck, Munich 1978, ISBN 3-406-02527-7 , pp. 990, 992.

Web links

• Al-Adil II. At genealogie-mittelalter.de
• El-Malek el-Adel Abu Bakr at fmg.ac (English)

predecessor	Office	successor
al-Kamil	Sultan of Egypt 1238-1240	as-Salih
al-Kamil	Sultan of Damascus 1238	as-Salih