Ala Siliana
The Ala Siliana [civium Romanorum] [bis torquata] [bis armillata] ( German Ala des Silius [the Roman citizen] [twice with torques ] [twice with armilla ] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.
Name components
- Siliana : of Silius. One of the unit's first commanders was believed to be a Silius , after whom the Ala was named. Various people are considered as possible namesake; John Spaul thinks C. Silius Aviola is the most likely.
- civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition appears in military diplomas and inscriptions.
- to torquata : awarded twice with torques . The addition appears in the inscription ( AE 1930, 92 ). In the inscriptions ( AE 1939, 81 , CIL 3, 5775 , CIL 3, 5776 ) the unit is referred to as torquata .
- to armillata : awarded twice with Armilla . The addition appears in the inscription ( AE 1930, 92 ). In the inscription ( AE 1939, 81 ) the unit is referred to as armillata .
Since there is no reference to the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was an Ala quingenaria . The nominal strength of the Ala was 480 men, consisting of 16 towers with 30 riders each.
history
The Ala was stationed in the provinces of Africa proconsularis , Germania , Pannonia and Dacia Porolissensis (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years 78 to 165 AD. Tacitus mentions unity in his Historiae (Book I, Chapter 70 and Book II, Chapter 17).
The unit was probably set up under Augustus . Their soldiers were probably initially recruited from the various tribes of the Gauls, as the Gauls' cavalry units were often named after one of their first commanders. The Ala initially served as a mounted bodyguard for the proconsul in Africa. It is recorded around 69 in northern Italy, where it took part on Vitellius's side in the civil war of the Four Emperor's Year .
Under Vespasian it was transferred to the province of Germania , where it is evidenced by a diploma dated 78. In the diploma, the Ala is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province.
The Ala was moved to the province of Pannonia between 78 and 83 . The first evidence of unity in the province is based on a diploma dated 83. The diploma lists the Ala as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Pannonia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated from 84 to 119, prove the unit in the same province (or from 110 in Pannonia inferior ).
At an unspecified point in time between 119 and 133, the Ala was moved to the province of Dacia Porolissensis . The first evidence of unity in Dacia Porolissensis is based on a diploma dated 133. In the diploma, the Ala is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 151 to 165, prove unity in the same province.
Locations
Locations of the Ala in Dacia Porolissensis were (partly possibly):
- Gilău castle , where it probably served as a tribal unit, at the latest in the second half of the second century.
- Cluj-Napoca : Bricks marked AL S were found in Cluj-Napoca.
Locations of the Ala in Pannonia may have been:
Members of the Ala
The following members of the Ala are known:
Commanders
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Others
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See also
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ John Spaul available as a location of the unit in Dacia Porolissensis place gyalu on. He gives Gyalu / Gilau and Optantia / Optatiana as the location of the inscriptions .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d e John EH Spaul: Ala² The Auxiliary Cavalry Units of the Pre-Diocletianic Imperial Roman Army. Nectoreca Press, Andover 1994, ISBN 0-9525062-0-3 , pp. 200-203.
- ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 158,161,163,170 tables 2,5,7,12 ( PDF pp. 160,163,165,172 ).
- ↑ a b Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here p. 271 ( online ).
- ↑ Military diplomas of the years 78 ( CIL 16, 23 ), 83 ( RMD 4, 210 ), 84 ( CIL 16, 30 ), 85 ( CIL 16, 31 ), 98 ( CIL 16, 42 ), 102 ( AE 2005, 954 , CIL 16, 47 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 164 ), 118/128 ( RMD 5, 370 ), 119 ( AE 2003, 2041 ), 133 ( RMD 1, 35 ), 151 ( RMD 5, 404 ), 154 ( RMD 1, 47 ), 164 ( AE 2007, 1765 , AMN-2006 / 07-203 , RMD 1, 64 , RMD 1, 66 , RMD 4, 287 ) and 165 ( CIL 16, 185 ).
- ↑ a b c Jan Kees Haalebos: Traian and the auxiliary troops on the Lower Rhine A military diploma of the year 98 AD from Elst in the Over-Betuwe (Netherlands) In: Saalberg Jahrbuch, 2000/50, pp. 31–72, here p . 40 ( online p. 20 ).
- ^ Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , pp. 71-79.
- ↑ Nicolae Gudea : The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, pp. 100f., ( Digitized version ).
- ↑ CIL 03, 00847 , CIL 03, 00847a , IDR-App-01-14 (dating 117 to 138), IDR-App-01-15 , AE 1993, 01331 (dating 211 to 222), ILD 00601a and ILD 00601b .
- ↑ a b Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: New diplomas for the auxiliary troops of Lower Pannonia and the Dacian provinces from Hadrian times In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 25-50, here p. 31 ( online ).